Download pdf - Guide on Making Research Papers

7/27/2019 Guide on Making Research Papers

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ENGLISH 123: DEFINING RESEARCH


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Research comes from the word recercher,

re and cercer; modern cercher to search; the

act of searching into a matter closely and

carefully: inquiry directed to the discovery oftruth.


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It is a careful critical inquiry or examination in

seeking facts or principles, diligent

investigations in order to ascertain

something.-Webster


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PREPARING FOR RESEARCH WRITING

What to have? What it means?


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A professional attitude toward writing.

Professionalism is not an image at all;

rather it is a state of mind, a way of working

and a way of thinking about work.


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Considering yourself a writer.

Dont laugh. You begin somewhere, and

what you call yourself is a good place to start.


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Professional responsibility for your work.

The moment you finish writing and sign

your name to the essay, memo, business

report or letter, you are accepting responsibility

for the truth, accuracy and quality of your

written communication.


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An open mind to ideas of other people.

You are becoming professional when you

admit that you do not know everything about

writing. Writing is not something you learn

thoroughly all at once and never have to learn

again.


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A desire to improve your writing.

Give your writing the tinkering and time it

deserves. Until the clock runs out and the writing

must go public, look again-and again


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An ideal work environment.

Follow certain regular routines and habits.


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A regular time for work.

Let writing be a friend to your private thoughts.


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A regular place to write.

The setting gives off signals that it is time to get

down to work.


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Adequate equipment and resources.

It is important to stock up before you begin

writing.


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8 KEYS TO RESEARCH WRITING


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1ST: SELECT YOUR TOPIC

What type of paper do you need to write?

How do you choose an appropriate topic? Is

it too broad or too narrow?


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2ND: SET UP A RESEARCH STRATEGY

You need to know how to find information

quickly and effectively in any library. The

strategy begins with general references and

takes you through various research materialssuch as books, periodicals and special

documents.


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3RD: DEVELOP A PRELIMINARY THESIS

STATEMENT

The thesis statement establishes what you

want to say or prove in your paper. This

statement ads like a general map guiding

your research efforts.


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4TH: CONDUCT IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

You need to review the major resources

found in the library, retrieve hard-to find

information and provide guidelines for

evaluating the resources you encounter.


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5TH: TAKE GOOD NOTES

Learn how to skim materials for keywords

and concepts. Take notes only on the

information pertinent to your topic.

Paraphrase, summarize, outline and quotematerials in your note cards or notebook.

Establish a note taking system that will be

invaluable in developing an outline andwriting your first draft.


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6TH: CHOOSE THE BEST STRUCTURE

Create an outline

Select illustrations


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7TH: COMPLETE THE FIRST DRAFT

The key to writing first draft is to set your

critical mind aside and simple write until you

have completed the paper. Use your outline

as a guide and keep on writing until youfinish.


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8TH: REVISE YOUR FIRST DRAFT

Revision can turn a mediocre or flawed first

draft into a first-rate work. If you are going to

put time and effort into a research or report ,

why not make it the best one possible?


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SELECTING YOUR TOPIC

The topic should INTEREST you.

You should KNOW something about the

topic.

There should be ENOUGH INFORMATION

available on it to complete your paper.

The topic must have relevance.


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DONTS IN SEARCH FOR A TOPIC

Subjects that are too recent.

Subjects that are too sensitive or highly

controversial, especially those that advocate

the adoption or rejection of a proposal that

call for action.

Subjects that are hard to investigate because

they are too narrow.

Subjects that are uninteresting to you.


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Subjects based on personal experience,

subject judgment or personal preference.

Subjects that are overworked or worn-out

topics, like euthanasia, divorce, premarital

sex, abortion and drugs.


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GETTING STARTED:

1. List down at least 10 topics that interest

you.


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2. From the list of the topic, note the subjects

that are not to be used. List the remaining

topics on the chart below and check one or

more of the criteria that have been met.


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CRITERIA

TOPICS INTEREST IN

THE TOPIC

AVAILABILTIY OF

THE DATA ON

THE TOPIC

ABILITY

TO

HANDLE

THE

TOPIC

RELEVANCE

OF THE

TOPIC


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NARROWING THE TOPIC

When you narrow a subject or topic, you are

only choosing to discuss only a portion of all

the things that can be said about it. It is like

moving from a wide-angle perspective to aclose-up shot.


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GENERAL TOPIC TO SOMEWHATRESTRICTED

TO SUFFICIENTLYRESTRICTED

Violence Against Women Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment in the

Classroom

Human Rights Bullying Bullying inside the

Classroom

Visual Arts Modern Painting in Negros The Surrealist paintings of

Negrense artist Charlie Go

Festivals Awareness of Festivals in

the Philippines

Awareness of Masskara

Festival in Bacolod City

Teachers Problems of College

Instructor

Problems Encountered by

TUPV Instructor in

Teaching Algebra


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GETTING STARTED:

GENERAL TOPICS SOMEWHATRESTRICTED

NARROWED TOPIC

1.BOILER

2. WELDINGS

3. PUMPS AND PIPES

4. ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

5. GENERATOR

6. HYDRAULICS

7. SENSORS

8. WASTE

MANAGEMENT

9. ENGINES

10. TURBINES


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PREPARING A WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY

As you have decided on your topic, work on

your bibliography. A bibliography is a list of

books, articles, and other published

materials. It is included at the end of yourreport, on the last page (or last few pages).


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BIBLIOGRAPHY: FUNCTIONS

It helps the reader to verify the services.

It enables the readers to evaluate the worth

of the paper according to its range and

reliability

It provides the reader with a list of further

readings on the subject.


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BOOKS

Authors name. (Year). Title and subtitle of

book. Place of publication: Publisher

Note: Only the authors last name and the first name or

f i rst and m idd le ini t ia ls are ind icated in the

Bibl iog raphy. The ti t le of the book should be under lined

and ital ic ized.


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PERIODICALS


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FOR AN ENCYCLOPEDIA:

Encyclopedia Title, Edition Date. Volume

Number, "Article Title," page numbers.

Example:

The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1997. Volume

7, "Gorillas," pp. 50-51.


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FOR A NEWSPAPER:

Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name

of newspaper, city, state of publication.

(date): edition if available, section, page

number(s).

Example

Powers, Ann, "New Tune for the Material Girl." The New YorkTimes, New York, NY. (3/1/98): Atlantic Region, Section 2, p.

34.


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FOR A MAGAZINE:

Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name

of magazine. Volume number, (Date): page

numbers

Example:

Jordan, Jennifer, "Filming at the Top of the

World." Museum of Science Magazine.

Volume 47, No. 1, (Winter 1998): p. 11.


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ONLINE RESOURCES Internet:

Author of message, (Date). Subject of

message. Electronic conference or bulletin

board (Online). Available e-mail: LISTSERV@e-mail address

Example:Ellen Block, (September 15, 1995). New Winners. Teen Booklist (Online). Helen

[email protected]


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WORLD WIDE WEB:

URL (Uniform Resource Locator or WWW

address). author (or item's name, if

mentioned), date.

Example:http://www.boston.com. Today's News, August 1, 1996.


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LETS PRACTICE

1. The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English

Usage was written by Theodore M. Bernstein in

1965. It was published by Atheneum

Publications, New York.2. In 2001, Mina Roces wrote Reflection on

Gender and Kinship in the Philippine

Revolution, 1896-1898,. The article was

published in the Philippine Revolution of 1896

of Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon

City


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3. The article Amy, who knew my Diseace; Apsychosexual Pattern in Defoes Roxana waspublished in 1979 in the ELH: Journal of

English Literary History,Volume 46, on pages81-96. The writer of the article was Terry J.Castle.

4. The PTA Today published an article entitled :

Censorshipthe debate over students right toread. Last Ocotber 1982, Volume 2, frompages 12-15. Melinda Cutright wrote the article