Global History—Tuesday March 2, 2010Chapter 29 (Page 741) “World War One”
Topic: WW I BeginsAim Question:Once the war began how and where was it waged?Objective: -Understand causes of the war-Analyze alliances-Knowing how the assassination sparked the war
Agenda:-Attendance -Announcements-Quiz-Notes/Lecture
Reviewing the Balkans 1. Who was assassinated in Serbia on June of 1914?
2. What happened when Serbia ignored ultimatum from Austria-Hungary?
The Alliance System Collapses
Pre-War Alliances
Triple Alliance–Germany–Austria-Hungary –Italy
Triple Entente –England–France–Russia
War Alliances
Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Emprire
Allied Powers
- England- France- Russia
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::Great Britain
France
Russia
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Who are the leaders of the new alliances?
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany = Kaiser Wilhelm IIAustria-Hungary = King Franz Joseph I
ALLIED POWERS
England = Prime Minister Herbert Asquith
Russia = Czar Nicholas IIFrance = President George
Clemenceau
THE WAR BEGINS
JULY 28Austria declares war on
Serbia
AUGUST 1Germany declared war
on Russia
AUGUST 3Germany declared war
on France
AUGUST 4British declaration of war
On Germany
AUGUST 5France declares war
on Germany
AUGUST 6 Austria-Hungary
declares war on Russia.
Germany prepared for Schlieffen PlanGeneral Alfred Von Schlieffen: If two front war, Germany would attack France thru Belgium—then swing around & attack Russia!!!
SCHLIEFFEN PLAN = FailureA Bloody Stalemate Along Western Front
Western Front & Trench Warfare
• Trench Warfare: soldiers doing most fighting from hand dug holes lined together forming “trenches”
• Used for Defensive Purposes (1,200 miles)
• Each side, France & Germany, created trenches
• The middle ground called “no-man’s land”
No Man’s LandFRENCH LINE
FRENCH LINE
GERMAN LINE
GERMAN LINE
NO MAN’S LAND
Eastern Front Russia & Germany
• The eastern front was also fought with trench warfare
• War between Germany &Russia
• Germany now fighting on two sides; two fronts
Trench life a living hell“The shells rained down on our
trenches. Then our trench would disappear, filled with exploding earth, the air became unbreathable. We were blinded, wounded, crawling, crying, and shouting as the dead soldiers fell atop us splashing us with their blood.”
Horrors of Trench Warfare
(1915) French Soldiers;50 Yards Away from
German Trenches
(1917) Western FrontGerman Trench
1917, Eastern Front
Russian troops await orders in the summer
(1916) English TrenchNotice the men sleeping
Many of the dead Were left in the
Trenches becauseIt was too dangerous To dispose of them!
Russian soldiers on the Eastern front caught on barbwire in “no mans land”
No Man’s LandWestern Front
1915
German scoutShot while
On duty
“NO MAN’S LAND”, FRANCE 1917
Quote from French Soldier about life in the trenches…
“The men slept in mud trenches; washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed of mud.”
(1917) French trench
Notice sleeping quarters& the washing of clothes
Trenches often would fill up with rain water.
This would leave the soldiers Vulnerable to “trench foot”
French troops on the WesternFront pumping rain water out of trench
Trench foot is caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary and cold conditions.
The Soldiers would live in theTrenches for almost one year!
The “reserve trenches” were forRest and relaxation. They were in the very
Rear of the trench system.This is where the military leaders
Would stay and plan attacks.
Notice that there is more thanJust the one trench, there
Are multiple trenches used