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Batman (and World War III) Begins: Hollywood Takes on Terror1
Kyle D. Killian, PhD
Batman Begins (2005) tells the origin story of one of America’s greatest, and most
psychologically complex, comic book heroes. Bob Kane dreamt up the Batman saga in 1939, back
when a just war could still be found, and when no red-blooded American voiced questions about the
need to battle the evil Axis powers. It’s no accident that the Caped Crusader rears his cowl for a
whole new franchise during the United States’ Crusade against Terror (yes, Bush did say ‘Crusade’
as the US military penetrated into Afghanistan, before he was coached to never repeat that word).
In Christopher Nolan’s film, we meet a hero who has both demons and ideals, and he does what he
must to make Gotham City safe for its citizens, just as the current US Administration claims it is
making its citizenry safe by taking the fight to the terrorists. It’s back to the future, an old-
fashioned hero fighting the war on terror in the twenty-first century. Played by Christian Bale,
Bruce Wayne is the liberal ideal, as the entire story rests on the idea that a single, obstinate, and
thoroughly committed individual can lead the way and improve matters, both global and local,
through his agency. How does Bruce Wayne go from an orphan who has fallen down a well at the
film’s opening to savior of a city?
Driven by guilt and rage at the murder of his parents, young Mr. Wayne must go on a journey
of self-discovery before he can become Batman. To find himself, he travels to the Far East, is
arrested, and learns about criminals by playing ‘fight club’ with them in prison. With his
gregarious, idealistic ‘biological’ father (and his already silent mother) silenced forever, Bruce
encounters another father figure in the form of spiritual teacher and warrior Henri Ducard (played
by Liam Neeson). Ducard gets him out of prison, and takes him to a Shaolin Temple to undergo
training. Here is an excerpt of their dialogue:
1 Killian, K. D. (2007). Batman (and World War III) Begins: Hollywood takes on terror. Journal of
Feminist Family Therapy, 19 (1): 77-82. Correspondence may be directed to [email protected]
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Ducard: What are you seeking?
Wayne: I seek the means to fight injustice. To turn fear against those who prey on the fearful.
Ducard: To conquer fear, you must become fear.
The above text contains an epistemological move, and a hegemonic intelligibility. To emerge as
Batman, the rational actor who can fight injustice, Bruce must ‘conquer fear’ by becoming fear.
This move is ridden with the logic of the US Empire. Of course, audience members will not hear or
see this logic unless they are familiar with the material and political power of the United States and
are critical consumers of the text provided them.
Ducard teaches Bruce a lot: sword fighting, how to overcome his fears, and to create a
constructive channel for his rage. But the young apprentice is also asked to reject his father’s
weakness (he had failed to take action while being robbed at gunpoint in Gotham alley) and to join
the League of Shadows, a group of ninja-like vigilantes who leave no neck un-severed as they dole
out their sense of justice on a corrupt world. It turns out that they have a sweeping history:
Ducard: The League of Shadows has been a check against human corruption for thousands
of years. We sacked Rome. Loaded trade ships with plague rats. Burned London to the
ground. Every time a civilization reaches the pinnacle of its decadence... we return to
restore the balance. Over the ages our weapons have grown more sophisticated. With
Gotham we tried a new one. Economics.
Once more, this epistemological move is incomprehensible unless we are familiar with the history
of Empire. These a priori connections with Rome and London are not arbitrary, but draw
extensively on the familiar images of the Roman and British Empires in world politics. In a linear
sense, these iconic images link history with that of the United States’ emergence as a hegemonic
power in the world and to sustain itself militarily and economically. It is possible that this move of
talking only about economics rather than politics is intended to obscure the fact that the market, and
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capitalism, are political, involving many struggles (e.g., exploitation, gendered violence, etc.) for its
emergence.
Bruce is asked to behead a captive criminal and become one of the League, but he hesitates,
and eventually refuses. Ducard intones, ‘That is a weakness your enemy will not share.’ Wayne
counters, ‘That’s why it’s so important.’ The Ducards of the world will kill to achieve their goals,
do whatever they deem to be necessary. Wayne rejects the League of Shadows’ excessive zeal for
justice at any price, and insists that Gotham isn’t beyond saving. Wayne’s rejection of Ducard, and
reaffirmation of his loyalty to his ‘true’ father, results in the destruction of the temple and a not so
friendly parting of ways between teacher and disciple.
Bruce returns to Gotham, which is, of course, Gothic, decked out in designer darkness, and
thoroughly corrupt. Most of the police are on the take, Lt. Gordon warily observes, and, later, R’as
Ah Ghul, the leader of the League of Shadows, matter-of-factly observes, ‘You're defending a city
so corrupt, we have infiltrated every level of its infrastructure.’ Soon, Bruce arrives at the idea of
becoming a creature of justice, but not vengeance. In a conversation with the faithful butler, Alfred,
played in wonderfully understated fashion by Michael Caine, Bruce Wayne realizes the how and
why of his imminent transformation: ‘As a man...I'm flesh and blood, I can be ignored, destroyed.
But as a symbol, I can be incorruptible. I can be everlasting….Something elemental, something
terrifying.’ (see Image 1). Here is a man who realizes that Ducard had a point—to fight those who
bring fear to the city, he must become fear. He must out-terrorize the terrorists, even if that means
becoming a ruthless, violent vigilante. To make a difference, he must act, and act he does, doing
what is necessary; and, the while, Wayne endeavors to stay on the Good side of a razor’s edge
demarcating the border between justice, and fear and revenge.
Batman Begins’ themes and its portrait of Bruce Wayne’s struggle with his own darkness
resonate with the tough, discomfiting questions some US citizens are facing today. As the nation
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grapples with (or, systematically ignores) the issues raised by Abu Graib, the Patriot Act, and the
idea of pre-emptive war, we realize that both Batman and the US military machine are powerful and
frightening entities to have on ‘our side’ in a war on terror, but bring with them their own
problems—those of violence and ‘collateral damage’, escalation, and the nagging theme of
achieving victory, but at what price? In one scene, the Batmobile, which is (not coincidentally) a
high-speed tank in this re-vision, jumps from rooftop to rooftop, crashing through walls and
guardrails, and is a menace to criminals, police, and citizens alike. But, hey, this is Batman, and if
he can’t pull off a ‘surgical strike’ against the enemy, who can? Despite my experience of
discomfort during these scenes, I really think the filmmakers intended for most persons in the
audience to experience exhilaration rather than worry. After all, not only is a superhero driving a
tank through Gotham, but most of the cops and citizenry are on the take anyway, so if a few get hurt
in the process, does it really matter? And, is it a coincidence that a group of eastern terrorists led by
a shadowy, elusive leader has devised a plot to crash a train (not a plane, this time) into a
skyscraper? Like another summer 2005 blockbuster, War of the Worlds, society is threatened with
imminent destruction by invading ‘others’, and the audience is given an opportunity to exorcise its
post-9/11 demons and have everything neatly resolved by the time the credits roll.
The parallels between fiction and reality persist, as the villains in Batman Begins are actual
terrorists, of the ‘economic’ variety, which brings up a series of questions about capitalism in late
modernity, some of which are beyond the scope of this piece. Suffice it to say that Nolan’s film
critiques Post-Fordist finance capitalism, but not capitalism itself. Still bearing his father’s name,
Wayne Industries has been taken over by shareholder capital, sullying the family name. As Bruce
takes up arms against the crime wave and economic depression that have engulfed Gotham, he also
takes on the finance capital that has assumed control of his father’s company. We see the effects of
the creeping malaise of this rabid form of capitalism when we are introduced to the benevolent, but
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demoted, humiliated, and all but forgotten, Lucius Fox (played by Morgan Freeman) who haunts the
sub-basement of the Wayne corporate headquarters (see Image 2). Bruce must restore Lucius, and
the family name, to their proper standing by bringing back a localized, personalized form of good
old American capitalism (it seems no real alternative to capitalism is available in this celluloid
universe).
On the level of simple entertainment, this film is a bold, more realistic rendering of the
Batman myth (e.g., our hero is a struggling amateur in some scenes, but when you’re just starting
out, it’s hard to climb walls and always have the jump on the bad guys). And while the film does
take a few chances by delving so deeply into the mythos, and the Bruce Wayne character, before
becoming a standard Hollywood summer blockbuster, Batman Begins does not break new ground in
its depiction of men, women, and gender relations. The film is replete with testosterone and
powerful male figures, but completely marginalizes female characters. For example, it parades an
innumerable caravan of father figures—Bruce’s true father Thomas, Ducard as sinister wannabe,
Alfred as the nurturing, stay-at-home faithful servant, Lucius Fox as the older, wiser, technical
wizard—but presents no strong women. As alluded to earlier, Bruce’s mother is nearly silent before
being rendered permanently so in the first act, and assistant district attorney Rachel Dawes (played
by Katie Holmes) is sincere, moral, and upright, but not given much to do as an active agent (see
Image 3). Her screen time is devoted to her being acted upon as a prop: she is threatened, rescued,
swept off her feet by the hero, sedated without her consent by the very same hero, etc. And the
female board members at Wayne Industries are similarly silent, without a line in the film. This is
disheartening to watch, but is consistent with the film’s message: tough, bad men meet their match
in tough, good men willing to go outside the box and do what they must to save the weak and
defenseless (read: women and children). In the end, women are reinserted into the 1950s, so
feminist and other struggles against capitalist-patriarchy are rendered invisible. The emergence of
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this new subject, a Batman of neoliberal capitalism, requires women’s labor (e.g., moral, etc.) but
not women’s political agency. Further, the text of this film also renders invisible a requirement for
the emergence of capitalism in general, and finance capitalism in particular: The exploitation of
men’s and women’s labor worldwide.
In conclusion, this Batman shows depth, drawing on psychological principles extensively, and
appears to make a moral choice of compassion and justice over vengeance upon his enemies. But is
our hero qualitatively different from those he defeats? Ideologically, perhaps. But his methods are
so similar—the use of terror and weapons of mass destruction—and such responses foment a
symmetrical escalation that creates a whole other set of problems, both in Gotham and back here in
the real world. Batman Begins is an entertaining start to a new franchise, but runs parallel to the
dangerous path undertaken by the current US Administration. Not merely an aesthetic work, but
part of a discursive domain of culture, the film reflects the ‘War on Terror’ and U S foreign policy.
The film’s subtext warns us about the dangers of doing unto our enemies as they have done to us—
to twist Nietzsche a bit, what does not kill them, or even what does kill them, makes them stronger.
REFERENCES
Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. 2000. Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Zavarzadeh, Mas’ud. 1991. Seeing films politically. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
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How to terrorize the terrorists—Batman Redux (photo copyright Warner Brothers 2005).
Mine has to be bigger than theirs: Real men Bruce and Lucius discuss weapons of war (photo
copyright Warner Brothers 2005).
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Woman as romantic interest, and prop: This is not your feminist film (photo copyright Warner
Brothers 2005).