Genetic Improvement Of Genetic Improvement Of Castor In the Western Castor In the Western
Hemisphere Hemisphere
Dick Auld – TTU/ TX AgriLife ResearchDick Auld – TTU/ TX AgriLife ResearchSteve Oswalt – Texas Tech UniversitySteve Oswalt – Texas Tech University
Travis Miller – Texas AgriLife ExtensionTravis Miller – Texas AgriLife ExtensionCarlos Demant – UNESP/ TTUCarlos Demant – UNESP/ TTU
Mauricio Zanotto – UNESP (Brazil)Mauricio Zanotto – UNESP (Brazil)Liv Severino – EMBRAPA (Brazil)Liv Severino – EMBRAPA (Brazil)
Alejandro Navas – CORPOICA (Columbia)Alejandro Navas – CORPOICA (Columbia)
Castor Genetic Improvement Castor Genetic Improvement “The Rest of the U.S.A Team” “The Rest of the U.S.A Team”
Brian Baldwin – MSU Brian Baldwin – MSU Tom McKeon – USDA-ARS (Albany)Tom McKeon – USDA-ARS (Albany)Grace Chen – USDA-ARS (Albany)Grace Chen – USDA-ARS (Albany)Calvin Trostle – Texas AgriLife Ext.Calvin Trostle – Texas AgriLife Ext.Mike Foster – Texas AgriLife ResearchMike Foster – Texas AgriLife ResearchTom Kilcer – Cornell ExtensionTom Kilcer – Cornell ExtensionAlan Taylor – Cornell Geneva Ctr.Alan Taylor – Cornell Geneva Ctr.Bill Crosby – Univ. of Windsor (Canada)Bill Crosby – Univ. of Windsor (Canada)
Mamona (Portuguese)Mamona (Portuguese)
A Lady of Dubious CharacterA Lady of Dubious CharacterAnd the Castor PlantAnd the Castor Plant
““A Little Dangerous”A Little Dangerous”
““Slightly Hot Blooded”Slightly Hot Blooded”
““Very Promiscuous”Very Promiscuous”
Mamona - CastorMamona - Castor
““A Little Dangerous”A Little Dangerous”
Ricin ToxinRicin Toxin
““Slightly Hot Blooded”Slightly Hot Blooded”
World Wide in the TropicsWorld Wide in the Tropics
““Very Promiscuous”Very Promiscuous”
Pollinates Over Five MilesPollinates Over Five Miles
Tracking pollen flow in Mississippi USA99.8% of all pollen limited to 6-6.5m
Castor Improvement for Biodiesel & Castor Improvement for Biodiesel & Industrial Oil for All AmericaIndustrial Oil for All America
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Castor - (Castor - (RicinusRicinus communiscommunis L.) L.)
Seed YieldSeed Yield: 1000 to 3,360 kg/ha : 1000 to 3,360 kg/ha Oil ContentOil Content: 45 to 60% (500 to 1,800 l/ha): 45 to 60% (500 to 1,800 l/ha) Fatty AcidsFatty Acids: 85% ricinoleic acid: 85% ricinoleic acid DisadvantagesDisadvantages: Ricin & Allergens: Ricin & Allergens AdvantagesAdvantages: Highest Oil Yields of Any : Highest Oil Yields of Any
Temperately Adapted Oilseed Crop PlantTemperately Adapted Oilseed Crop Plant
Genetic Yield Genetic Yield EnhancementEnhancement
Castor
Future Castor ResearchFuture Castor Research
Reduced Reduced Ricin ToxinRicin ToxinImproved Improved
Water UseWater Use
Conventional Genetics to Conventional Genetics to Reduce Ricin Levels in CastorReduce Ricin Levels in Castor
2003 - Release TTU LRC Germplasm2003 - Release TTU LRC Germplasm Crop Sci 43 : 746-747Crop Sci 43 : 746-747
2009 - Release of 2009 - Release of ‘Brigham’ Castor‘Brigham’ CastorHale = 4,210 ug/ml (38% Total Proteins)Hale = 4,210 ug/ml (38% Total Proteins)Brigham = 416 ug/ml (4% Total Proteins)Brigham = 416 ug/ml (4% Total Proteins)
2012 – Future Castor Varieties2012 – Future Castor VarietiesMcKeon = 40 ug/ml (0.4% Total Proteins)McKeon = 40 ug/ml (0.4% Total Proteins)
Three University CollaborationThree University Collaboration
Tissue cultureTissue culture Elimination of ricin by genetic Elimination of ricin by genetic
transformationtransformation Elimination of the allergensElimination of the allergens Leading to safe castorLeading to safe castor
Dryland Castor Production inDryland Castor Production in North East BrazilNorth East Brazil
Hand HarvestedHand Harvested
Lack of LocalTransportation
Limited Mechanized HarvestLimited Mechanized Harvest
Charter Members of the “Mamona Mafia”
Columbia, U.S., & BrazilColumbia, U.S., & Brazil
Excellent Excellent Drought Drought ToleranceTolerance
Salt ToleranceSalt Tolerance
Hybrid Vigor
Genetic Diversity
Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity
Broad Adaptation
North American Castor North American Castor ProductionProduction
High Yielding & Adapted VarietiesHigh Yielding & Adapted Varieties
Drought & Salt Tolerant VarietiesDrought & Salt Tolerant Varieties
Mechanized Production & HarvestingMechanized Production & Harvesting
Cost Effective & Sustainable ProductionCost Effective & Sustainable Production
1. Semi-dwarf Plant 1. Semi-dwarf Plant Varieties.Varieties.2.2. Apply Plant Growth Regulators.Apply Plant Growth Regulators.3.3. Fully Mechanized Production.Fully Mechanized Production.4.4. Production on Marginal Land.Production on Marginal Land.
“ “ Most Economical Source Most Economical Source of Industrial Oil Feedstocks”of Industrial Oil Feedstocks”
Production of Castor onProduction of Castor onthe Texas High Plains the Texas High Plains
Production Field of ‘Hale’ CastorProduction Field of ‘Hale’ Castor Lubbock, Texas in 2008Lubbock, Texas in 2008
Production Field of ‘Hale’ CastorMemphis, Tennessee in 2006
Combine Harvest ofCombine Harvest of‘‘Hale’ Castor SeedHale’ Castor Seed
Castor Seed in CombineCastor Seed in Combine Prior to CleaningPrior to Cleaning
Clean Seed Yield ExceededClean Seed Yield Exceeded 3,000 kg/ha3,000 kg/ha
Castor has a Castor has a Promising FuturePromising Future
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Texas AgriLife Research and Texas AgriLife Research and Extension and Texas Tech UniversityExtension and Texas Tech University
Ms. Marjorie KlaymanMs. Marjorie KlaymanAlnor Oil Company, Inc.Alnor Oil Company, Inc.
Dr. Travis Miller – Texas A&MDr. Travis Miller – Texas A&M
Dr. John B. Morris (USDA-ARS)Dr. John B. Morris (USDA-ARS)Griffin, GA (Germplasm)Griffin, GA (Germplasm)