GCSE PE
The Muscular System
Muscles and Movement.
Aims:
To know the different muscle types in our body.
To understand the different types of muscular contractions.
To know the roles of the different muscles during a sporting action.
Starter ActivityLabel the diagram of the synovial joint
and self mark your paper
What are the 3 Different types of muscle found within our body? Skeletal – Voluntary
Cardiac – Involuntary
Smooth – Involuntary
This topic focuses upon voluntary skeletal muscle.
Voluntary MusclesAlso known as Skeletal MusclesAttached to the skeleton and help to
make the body shape.They cause movement and are controlled
by ourselves. Basically moves when we tell it to…
Attached to bones by TENDONS
Involuntary Also known as SMOOTHFound in the walls of the BLOOD
VESSELS and the in the GUT.They stretchWork automatically and is not under our
conscious control
CARDIACThis muscle only found in the HEART. Its job is to PUMP BLOOD round the
body. It adjusts it’s speed as a needed and
works AUTOMATICALLY at all times
Muscle Game Stick the labels onto your partner
( however some of them need to be stuck on by themselves
Add the muscles names to your diagram
Bicep HamstringsTricep GlutealsDeltoid Latissimus DorsiPectorals External ObliqiesTrapeziusAbdominalsGastrocnemiusQuadriceps
HOW DO MUSCLES WORK?
IN PAIRS DISCUSS HOW YOU THINK
MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS ?
Muscles work by CONTRACTION and RELAXATION
How muscles work Muscle work in PAIRSWhilst ONE CONTRACTSThe other RELAXES
Called working ANTAGONISTICALLY
ANTAGONISTICALLY
The AGONIST ( PRIME MOVER) is the muscle doing the work.
The ANTAGONIST is the muscle that REALXES to let movement take effect.
The SYNERGISTSThe SYNERGISTS are muscles that
assist in the action of the PRIME MOVER.
They STABILISE THE JOINT, preventing undesirable movement.
How the Muscles Move Muscles are attached to two different bones by
tendons. When the muscle contracts only one bone moves.
The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the ORIGIN. The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the INSERTION.
ORIGININSERTION
For the bicep curl exercise, which muscles form the; agonist, antagonist
and fixator? (flexion of the elbow)
Agonist muscle: Directly responsible for the movement at a joint. E.g. Biceps.
Antagonist: Opposing action to that of the agonist. E.g. Triceps.
Fixator: Allows the agonist to work effectively by stabilising the origin of the agonist. E.g. deltoid.
Task.With a partner; act out a number of
different sporting actions. E.g. kicking a ball, chest pass etc.
Draw a diagram of this action. Identify the : Agonist, Antagonist and
Fixator muscles involved with this movement.
The two main types of muscular contraction
Isotonic Isometric
No movement.
Movement occurs.
Eccentric = lengthening.Concentric = shortening.
The role of muscle contractions. Isotonic – concentric contraction
occurs in agonist muscles. Isotonic – eccentric contraction occurs
in antagonist muscles. Isometric contraction occurs in fixator
muscles which stabilise joints aiding muscle movement.
What are the 3 different types of muscle?What is the difference between the origin
and the insertion?Name 3 different activities that would
require a high percentage of fast twitch fibres.
Name 2 different antagonistic pairs of muscles and the movements they make.
Homework Learn the different muscles within the
body. I will be testing you next lesson.Visit wiki-spaces for your homework.