MUSCLE & NERVOUS TISSUE

MUSCULAR TISSUE

• HIGHLY SPECIALIZED TO CONTRACT

OR SHORTEN, TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT

• THERE ARE 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE: SKELETAL, CARDIAC, & SMOOTH

MUSCLE TISSUE TYPES DIAGRAMS

SKELETAL(STRIATED) MUSCLE TISSUE-

APPEARANCE

• LONG, CYLINDRICAL CELLS

• MANY NUCLEI/CELL• CELLS CONTAIN DISTINCTIVE STRIATION (BANDING PATTERN)

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE LOCATION

• SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE FOUND ATTACHED TO THE SKELETON (OVER BONES)

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE FUNCTIONS

• MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS PULL ON BONES OR SKIN TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT OR CHANGES IN FACIAL EXPRESSION

• VERY STRONG, RAPID SHORT TERM CONTRACTIONS THAT REQUIRE NERVE IMPULSES TO FUNCTION

• UNDER VOLUNTARY CONTROL

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE1000X & 400X

.

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE APPEARANCE

• CELLS ARE BRANCHED AND JOIN TOGETHER TO FORM A NETWORK

• NUCLEI ARE IN THE MIDDLE OF CELLS (1 2 NUCLEI PER CELL)• INTERCALATED DISKS PRESENT (DARK LINES THAT SHOW JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS)

• SOME STRIATIONS ARE VISIBLE

CARDIAC MUSLCE TISSUELOCATION

• CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE IS FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUEFUNCTIONS

• PUMPS HEART AND PROPELS BLOOD THROUGH BLOOD VESSELS

• CONTAINS SPECIAL IMPULSE-CONDUCTING MUSCLE CELLS; ABLE TO INITIATE CONTRACTION WITHOUT BEING STIMULATED BY A NERVE IMPULSE

• UNDER INVOLUNTARY CONTROL

SMOOTH(VISCERAL) MUSCLE TISSUE -

APPEARANCE• NO STRIATIONS• LONG, SPINDLE-SHAPED CELLS

• SINGLE NUCLEUS IN CENTER OF CELL

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUELOCATION

• FOUND IN WALLS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT

• URINARY, RESPIRATORY, & REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS

• BLOOD VESSELS

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUEFUNCTIONS

• SLOW, RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS CAUSED BY HORMONES & NERVE IMPULSES

• MOVE MATERIALS THROUGH BODY & ALLOW FOR BREATHING, BLADDER CONTROL, ETC.

• CONTRACTION & RELAXATION CONTROLS BLOOD FLOW IN VARIOUS BODY PARTS AND CAN CAUSE CRAMPING

• UNDER INVOLUNTARY CONTROL

NERVOUS TISSUE

• The neuromuscular junction is the junction where nerve endings plug into muscle cells.

NERVOUS TISSUE

• COMPOSED OF CELLS CALLED NEURONS• NEURONS RECEIVE & CONDUCT ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPULSES FROM ONE PART OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER

• NEURONS, ALONG WITH SUPPORTING CELLS, MAKE UP THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND NERVES

FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS TISSUE

• MONITOR ACTIVITIES IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY

• COMMUNICATES AND EXCHANGES INFORMATION BETWEEN ALL BODY PARTS

• CONTROL CENTER THAT GATHERS, INTEGRATES, STORES, & RECALLS INFORMATION AND COMMANDS THE NECESSARY ACTIONS

TYPES OF NEURONSSENSORY

• TRANSMITS IMPULSES FROM RECEPTORS (CELLS IN EYES, EARS, SKIN, ETC.) TOWARD BRAIN/SPINAL CORD

• “SPY” OR “TATTLETALE” - TELLS

THE BRAIN WHAT IS GOING ON

TYPES OF NEURONSASSOCIATIVE NEURON

• FOUND ONLY IN THE BRAIN & SPINAL CORD - FORMS A LINK BETWEEN THE SENSORY INPUT & MUSCLE ACTIVITY

• “MIDDLEMAN” OR “HEADQUARTERS” • GETS THE INFORMATION, DECIDES WHAT TO DO, AND TELLS THE MOTOR NEURONS TO CARRY OUT THE PLAN

TYPES OF NEURONSMOTOR NEURON

• TRANSMIT IMPULSES FROM THE BRAIN TO EFFECTORS (MUSCLES OR GLANDS) TO CAUSE AN ACTION

• DOES THE WORK, CARRIES OUT ORDERS• “DRONE” OR “HENCHMAN”

REVIEW - 1

• Which of the following terms describes cardiac muscle?A. StriatedB. Intercalated DisksC. MultinucleatedD. InvoluntaryE. Branching

REVIEW - 2

• Muscle tissue is designed to: A. Contract B. Shorten C. Both A and B D. Protect the body from harmful UV rays

REVIEW - 3

• All muscle tissue is A. Voluntary B. Extendable C. Striated D. Involuntary

REVIEW - 4

• Smooth muscle is: A. Found in the walls of hollow organs

B. Always attached to bone C. Found in the heart D. Always voluntary

REVIEW - 5

• Which type of neuron is found only in the

brain and spinal cord?A. Motor neuronsB. Sensory neuronsC. Associative neuronsD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

THE END