AWH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGEKUTTIKATTOOR, CALICUT-8
PROJECT REPORT
ON
GSM BASED WALKING STICK
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMAIN
MEDICAL ELECTRONICSBY
ABHIJITH.C
JIYESH.K.N
SREERAG.G.S
USMAN SARTHAJ.M.T
EDWARD STALIN
NITHYAN.P.S
NITHIN GEORGE
ATHIRA.T
SHEETHU RAVINDRAN.PDEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
2014-15
AWH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGEKUTTIKATTOOR, CALICUT-8
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled “GSM BASED WALKING STICK” submitted herewith is an authentic record of work done by ABHIJITH.C, JIYESH.K.N, SREERAG.G.S, USMAN SARTHAJ.M.T, EDWARD STALIN, NITHYAN.P.S, NITHIN GEORGE, ATHIRA.T, SHEETHU RAVINDRAN.P under our guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma in Medical Electronics from the Directorate of Technical Education, Kerala during 2014-15
Mr.Jithin.K.R Ms.Deepthi.K.K Ms.Bushra.V
HOD GUIDE CO-
ORDINATOR
Internal Examiner External Examiner
KuttikattoorDate:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my heartfelt gratitude to the Almighty God for his blessings in my study and
for the successful completion of this seminar
I also acknowledge my deep gratitude to my respected Principal Mr. Vivek P. John,
for rendering necessary facilities for carrying out this seminar in the college.
I would like to express my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Mr.Bhabhith N, Head of
Mechanical Engg Department, for his valuable guidance and supervision in the preparation of
this seminar.
I wish to acknowledge my deep and heartfelt thanks to Mr. Vinuraj P S & Mr.
Madhu Lecturer of Mechanical Engg department and all other faculties of the Mechanical
Engg Department for their help and guidance in completing this seminar.
I also wish to express my sincere and heartfelt thanks to the laboratory staff of the
Mechanical Engg Department for their help and support in the preparation of this seminar.
And finally I express my heartfelt thanks to all those who have given valuable information
for the completion of this seminar Report.
CONTENTS Chapter Page No
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2
2.1BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 2
3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5
3.1 POWER SUPPLY SECTION 6
3.2 INPUT SECTION 7
3.3 8052 MICROCONTROLLER 11
3.4 OUTPUT SECTION 27
4. PROGRAMMING 29
4.1 EMBEDDED C 29
4.2 SOFTWARE USED IN THE PROJECT 33
5. PCB DESISIGN 40
5.1 DIPTRACE 40
5.2 COMPONENT LAYOUT 45
5.3 PCB LAYOUT 45
5.4 SOLDERING 48
6. CONCLUSION 51
7. FUTURE SCOPE 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY 53
ABSTRACT
With the advent of Embedded System, today the world is going very fast in the field
of IT. This will help an amazing growth in Electronics as well as in communication
fields. “The GSM based WALKING STICK” is an embedded system project which helps
the blind and deaf people. It detects obstacle in the front using ultrasonic waves. The
presence of obstacle results in the buzzer sound and vibration of the stick
]
News Center
Berkeley Lab Scientists Generate Electricity From VirusesNews Release Dan Krotz 510-486-4019 • May 13, 2012 1 0 0
ABSTRACT
Imagine charging your phone as you walk, thanks to a paper-thin generator embedded
in the sole of your shoe. This futuristic scenario is now a little closer to reality. Scientists
from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley
Lab) have developed a way to generate power using harmless viruses that convert mechanical
energy into electricity. The scientists tested their approach by creating a generator that
produces enough current to operate a small liquid-crystal display. It works by tapping a finger
on a postage stamp-sized electrode coated with specially engineered viruses. The viruses
convert the force of the tap into an electric charge.
Their generator is the first to produce electricity by harnessing the piezoelectric
properties of a biological material. Piezoelectricity is the accumulation of a charge in a solid
in response to mechanical stress. The milestone could lead to tiny devices that harvest
electrical energy from the vibrations of everyday tasks such as shutting a door or climbing
stairs. It also points to a simpler way to make microelectronic devices. That’s because the
viruses arrange themselves into an orderly film that enables the generator to work. Self-
assembly is a much sought after goal in the finicky world of nanotechnology.
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. M13 BACTERIOPHAGE 5
3. PHAGE LIFE-CYCLE 6
4. PIEZO ELECTRICITY 10
5. HISTORY 11
6. MECHANISM 13
7. MATERIALS 16
8. APPLICATION21
9. CONCLUSION23
REFERENCES24