AWH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGEKUTTIKATTOOR, CALICUT-8

PROJECT REPORT

ON

GSM BASED WALKING STICK

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMAIN

MEDICAL ELECTRONICSBY

ABHIJITH.C

JIYESH.K.N

SREERAG.G.S

USMAN SARTHAJ.M.T

EDWARD STALIN

NITHYAN.P.S

NITHIN GEORGE

ATHIRA.T

SHEETHU RAVINDRAN.PDEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

2014-15

AWH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGEKUTTIKATTOOR, CALICUT-8

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled “GSM BASED WALKING STICK” submitted herewith is an authentic record of work done by ABHIJITH.C, JIYESH.K.N, SREERAG.G.S, USMAN SARTHAJ.M.T, EDWARD STALIN, NITHYAN.P.S, NITHIN GEORGE, ATHIRA.T, SHEETHU RAVINDRAN.P under our guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma in Medical Electronics from the Directorate of Technical Education, Kerala during 2014-15

Mr.Jithin.K.R Ms.Deepthi.K.K Ms.Bushra.V

HOD GUIDE CO-

ORDINATOR

Internal Examiner External Examiner

KuttikattoorDate:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my heartfelt gratitude to the Almighty God for his blessings in my study and

for the successful completion of this seminar

I also acknowledge my deep gratitude to my respected Principal Mr. Vivek P. John,

for rendering necessary facilities for carrying out this seminar in the college.

I would like to express my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Mr.Bhabhith N, Head of

Mechanical Engg Department, for his valuable guidance and supervision in the preparation of

this seminar.

I wish to acknowledge my deep and heartfelt thanks to Mr. Vinuraj P S & Mr.

Madhu Lecturer of Mechanical Engg department and all other faculties of the Mechanical

Engg Department for their help and guidance in completing this seminar.

I also wish to express my sincere and heartfelt thanks to the laboratory staff of the

Mechanical Engg Department for their help and support in the preparation of this seminar.

And finally I express my heartfelt thanks to all those who have given valuable information

for the completion of this seminar Report.

CONTENTS Chapter Page No

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2

2.1BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 2

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5

3.1 POWER SUPPLY SECTION 6

3.2 INPUT SECTION 7

3.3 8052 MICROCONTROLLER 11

3.4 OUTPUT SECTION 27

4. PROGRAMMING 29

4.1 EMBEDDED C 29

4.2 SOFTWARE USED IN THE PROJECT 33

5. PCB DESISIGN 40

5.1 DIPTRACE 40

5.2 COMPONENT LAYOUT 45

5.3 PCB LAYOUT 45

5.4 SOLDERING 48

6. CONCLUSION 51

7. FUTURE SCOPE 52

BIBLIOGRAPHY 53

ABSTRACT

With the advent of Embedded System, today the world is going very fast in the field

of IT. This will help an amazing growth in Electronics as well as in communication

fields. “The GSM based WALKING STICK” is an embedded system project which helps

the blind and deaf people. It detects obstacle in the front using ultrasonic waves. The

presence of obstacle results in the buzzer sound and vibration of the stick

]

News Center

Berkeley Lab Scientists Generate Electricity From VirusesNews Release Dan Krotz 510-486-4019 • May 13, 2012  1   0  0

ABSTRACT

Imagine charging your phone as you walk, thanks to a paper-thin generator embedded

in the sole of your shoe. This futuristic scenario is now a little closer to reality. Scientists

from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley

Lab) have developed a way to generate power using harmless viruses that convert mechanical

energy into electricity. The scientists tested their approach by creating a generator that

produces enough current to operate a small liquid-crystal display. It works by tapping a finger

on a postage stamp-sized electrode coated with specially engineered viruses. The viruses

convert the force of the tap into an electric charge.

Their generator is the first to produce electricity by harnessing the piezoelectric

properties of a biological material. Piezoelectricity is the accumulation of a charge in a solid

in response to mechanical stress. The milestone could lead to tiny devices that harvest

electrical energy from the vibrations of everyday tasks such as shutting a door or climbing

stairs. It also points to a simpler way to make microelectronic devices. That’s because the

viruses arrange themselves into an orderly film that enables the generator to work. Self-

assembly is a much sought after goal in the finicky world of nanotechnology.

CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. M13 BACTERIOPHAGE 5

3. PHAGE LIFE-CYCLE 6

4. PIEZO ELECTRICITY 10

5. HISTORY 11

6. MECHANISM 13

7. MATERIALS 16

8. APPLICATION21

9. CONCLUSION23

REFERENCES24