Download pdf - Final Report PDF

Final Year Project Report

Business Intelligent Reporting System

B.S. Computer Engineering, Batch 2005

Project Advisor

Noman Hasany

Assistant Professor

SSUET

Submitted by

Sadaf Nasim 2005-CE-187

Mariam Firdous 2005-CE-182

Faiza Urooj 2005-CE-189

Mahvash Iftikhar Querashi 2005-CE-204

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology

University Road, Karachi – 75300

Jan 2009

PREFACE

Business Intelligent Reporting System is used to facilitate the HR department which keep and

manage the records of employees and follow the recruitment system as well.BRIS not only speed

up the HR processing but it also provide convenience to candidate to enjoy easiness for applying

the job and it also facilitate the top level management to take the advantage of Natural language.

BIRS makes it easy to enquire data base and to get successive result from search because it stops

users to write hectic data base queries. A manager can easily access any personnel information and

employee information as well.

BUSINESS INTELLIGENT REPORTING SYSTEM

Sir Syed University of Engineering And Technology Page 4

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, we cordially thank full to the Almighty Allah who praised us with the ability

and strength of character to complete this project which are assigned to do. Secondly, we

must be grateful to our internal Mr.Noman Hasany who helped us in this project.

And of course all of our teachers who have been great help and enormous source of

inspiration. During the project when we got in awkward positions, where nothing seemed to

make sense, our class lectures and lab instructions led us through those immensely dark

tunnels. Most of our respected teachers helped us when we needed it most. This is just not

concerning the project, it has been so over the last four years and we will never be able to

thank them enough. We also acknowledge our departmental staff, university staff or other

then this.

Last but not least we would like to thank to all our well wishers.



INTRODUCTION TO GROUP MEMBERS

Sadaf Nasim 2005-CE- 187

(Group Leader, System Designer)

Immediate Contact: (021-6692138,0342-2154026, [email protected])

Mariam Firdous 2005-CE- 182

(System Analyst)

Immediate Contact: (t021-6675820, 0343-2664448, [email protected])

Faiza Urooj 2005-CE- 189

(Software Quality Analyzer)

Immediate Contact: (021-4983800, 0334-3973794, [email protected])

MahvashI.Querashi 2005-CE- 204

(System Developer)

Immediate Contact: (021-4969657, 0343-3498398, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]






CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that the following students

Sadaf Nasim (GL) 2005-CE-187

Mariam Firdous 2005-CE-182

Faiza Urooj 2005-CE-189

Mahvash Iftikhar.Querashi 2005-CE-204

Have successfully completed their final year project named

Business Intelligent Reporting System

In the partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Science in

Computer Engineering

_____________

Name of Advisor

Designation SSUET



ABSTRACT

This project describes a Natural Language interface to databases which consists of two parts: a

Natural Language Processing (NLP) and a data base application program. The NLP is a general

purpose language which builds a formal representation of the meaning of the English utterances it

is given. The database application is a module which builds a query in order to extract information

from the database. This approach yields an interface which is both extremely robust and portable.

This interface can be extended for several databases.

A major benefit of using natural language to access the information in a data base is that it stops

writing from the hectic queries.

Project aims to build a platform from which structured and textual information about HR domain

can be accessed in an integrated way through natural language queries.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii

INTRODUCTION TO GROUP MEMBERS iv

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION BY PROJECT ADVISOR v

ABSTRACT vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES x



Table of Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 15

1.1 Goals and objectives ............................................................................................................ 15

1.2 System statement of scope ................................................................................................. 16

1.3 System context ...................................................................................................................... 16

1.4 Theoretical Background ....................................................................................................... 16

1.5 Technology & Tools .............................................................................................................. 18

1.5.1 Object oriented technology ........................................................................................... 18

1.5.2 Tools ................................................................................................................................ 21

Usage scenario .................................................................................................................................... 30

2.1 User profiles ........................................................................................................................... 32

2.2 Use-cases .............................................................................................................................. 33

2.3 Special usage considerations ............................................................................................. 38

Functional and Data Description ........................................................................................................ 39

3.1 System Architecture .............................................................................................................. 40

3.1.1 Architecture model ............................................................................................................ 41

3.1.2 Modules overview ............................................................................................................. 43

3.2 Data Description .................................................................................................................... 43

3.2.1 Major data objects ......................................................................................................... 44

3.2.2 System level data model ............................................................................................... 45

3.3 System Interface Description .............................................................................................. 46

Module Description ............................................................................................................................ 47

4.1 Keyword extraction ............................................................................................................... 47

4.1.1 Scope of generating keywords .................................................................................... 49

4.1.2 Flow diagram .................................................................................................................. 50



4.1.3 Restriction / Limitation ................................................................................................... 51

4.1.4 Performance issue ......................................................................................................... 51

4.1.5 Design constraint ........................................................................................................... 51

4.2 SQL query generation .......................................................................................................... 52

4.2.1 Scope of query generation ........................................................................................... 55

4.2.2 Flow diagram .................................................................................................................. 55

4.2.4 Design issue ................................................................................................................... 56

4.3 SQL Query execution ........................................................................................................... 56

4.4 Report generation ................................................................................................................. 57

Behavioral Model and Description ..................................................................................................... 59

5.1 Description for system behavior.......................................................................................... 59

5.1.1 Events/interrupts ............................................................................................................ 59

5.1.2 States ............................................................................................................................... 60

5.2 State Transition Diagrams ................................................................................................... 60

5.3 Control specification ............................................................................................................. 65

System Prototype and Modeling .................................................................................................... 66

6.1 Description of system modeling approach ........................................................................ 69

6.1.1 System/information engineering and modeling ......................................................... 69

6.1.2 Software Requirement Analysis. ................................................................................. 69

6.1.3 Design .............................................................................................................................. 73

6.1.4 Code generation ............................................................................................................. 76

6.1.5 Testing ............................................................................................................................. 80

6.2 Special performance issues. ............................................................................................. 80

6.2.1 Complex query. .............................................................................................................. 80

6.2.4 Heavy Database: ........................................................................................................ 80

6.3 Prototyping requirement ..................................................................................................... 81



System Estimates and Actual Outcome .............................................................................................. 81

7.1 Historical data used for estimates ...................................................................................... 82

7.2 Estimation techniques applied and results ........................................................................ 83

7.3 Actual Results and Deviation from Estimates ................................................................... 94

7.4 System Resources ................................................................................................................ 94

7.4.1 System Resources Required ....................................................................................... 94

7.4.2 System Resources Used .............................................................................................. 94

Test Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 95

8.1 System Test and Procedure ................................................................................................ 96

8.2 Testing strategy ..................................................................................................................... 96

8.2.1 Unit testing ...................................................................................................................... 96

8.2.2 INTEGRATION TESTING .......................................................................................... 104

8.2.3 Validation testing .......................................................................................................... 110

8.2.4 High-order testing ........................................................................................................ 112

8.3 Testing resources and staffing .......................................................................................... 116

8.4 Test metrics .......................................................................................................................... 116

8.5 Testing tools and environment .......................................................................................... 117

Future Enhancement and Recommendations ................................................................................... 118

Conclusion / Summary ..................................................................................................................... 121

A.APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 123

B.REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 131

C.GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................ 132



LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 21

Chapter2

Figure 2.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 33

Figure 2.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 34

Figure 2.3 ........................................................................................................................................ 35

Figure 2.4 ........................................................................................................................................ 36

Figure 2.5 ........................................................................................................................................ 37

Chapter3

Figure 3.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 40

Figure 3.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 41

Figure 3.3 ........................................................................................................................................ 45

Chapter4

Figure 4.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 51

Figure 4.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 57

Chapter5

Figure 5.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 61

Figure 5.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 61

Figure5.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 62

Figure 5.4 ........................................................................................................................................ 62

Figure 5.5 ........................................................................................................................................ 63

Figure 5.6 ........................................................................................................................................ 63

Figure 5.7 ........................................................................................................................................ 64



Chapter6

Figure 6.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 66

Figure 6.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 67

Figure6.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 67

Figure 6.4 ........................................................................................................................................ 68

Figure 6.5 ........................................................................................................................................ 71

Figure 6.6 ........................................................................................................................................ 72

Figure 6.7 ........................................................................................................................................ 74

Chapter7

Figure 7.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 84

Figure 7.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 85

Figure7.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 86

Figure 7.4 ........................................................................................................................................ 87

Figure 7.5 ........................................................................................................................................ 88

Figure 7.6 ........................................................................................................................................ 91

Figure 7.7 ........................................................................................................................................ 92

Figure 7.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 91

Figure 7.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 92

Figure 7.10 ...................................................................................................................................... 93

Chapter8

Figure 8.1 ...................................................................................................................................... 112

Figure 8.2 ...................................................................................................................................... 112



LIST OF TABLES

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 ......................................................................................................................................... 95

Table 8.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 97

Table 8.3 ....................................................................................................................................... 100

Table 8.4 ....................................................................................................................................... 102

Table 8.5 ....................................................................................................................................... 105

Table 8.6 ....................................................................................................................................... 107

Table 8.7 ....................................................................................................................................... 112

Table 8.8 ....................................................................................................................................... 113

Table 8.9 ....................................................................................................................................... 116

E [Type yo

ur ad

dress]

[Type yo

ur p

ho

ne n

um

ber]

[Typ

e you

r e-m

ail add

ress]



Introduction

We selected this project Business Intelligent Reporting system because it is

advance and the future form of business application. The aim of this is to obtain the

maximum advantage from the stored information it is important to ensure that

personnel at all levels of the organization have easy and transparent access to this

information. It also provides open-mindedness or easiness to implement obscure

database queries, reliability and flexibility for top level management.

1.1 Goals and objectives

Objectives of BIRS are as follows:

To give better interface with the user.

To develop a system with the accuracy better than the existing

system

To avoid from the hectic query.

To provide easy access to database.

To maintain DB simply.

To reduce the number of staff required to manage DB.

System must be convenient, easy set up and efficiently stored. It should not take

upon more memory space and provide fast access. The system must be low

enough in cost to be acceptable to most business men.

This system must require no technical expertise to run that expected to beyond of

anyone able to manage set up easily. The preparation of system for a specific

domain must require basic knowledge.

Obviously the BIRS must aim to have the property that any business

application should:



Integrity

Security

Reliability

Flexibility

1.2 System statement of scope

BIRS is actually domain based software which need to capture the demand and provided a

solution on the market requirement. It facilitates the user by taking Natural language as

input in free form text which shows user requirement and also provides a convenient access

to applicant to submit their resume. We aim to provide manager a syntax free environment

where s/he can easily inquire any thing related to the HR database due to this BIRS a

layman can also take advantage of stored information.

1.3 System context

BIRS is business oriented software which facilitates any business organization in a

convenient manner and saves the user from hectic database queries. Mostly the

Business Application software‘s also processes Natural language but there is no

versatility. BIRS specialty is to understand the Natural language input wisely which

can be use even by a non-specialist person simply and it gives required output in

the form of reports and table‘s .We took HR department of Business Domain

Technically the query bank is dealing only with concern issues of HR department

1.4 Theoretical Background

The value to our society of being able to communicate with computers in everyday

"natural" language cannot be overstated. Imagine asking your computer "Does this

candidate have a good record on the environment?" or "When is the next televised

National League baseball game?" Or being able to tell your PC "Please format my

homework the way my English professor likes it. Commercial products can already

do some of these things, and AI scientists expect many more in the next decade.



One goal of AI work in natural language is to enable communication between

people and computers without resorting to memorization of complex commands

and procedures. Automatic translation enabling scientists, business people and just

plain folks to interact easily with people around the world is another goal. Both are

just part of the broad field of AI and natural language, along with the cognitive

science aspect of using computers to study how humans understand language.

From the ―Natural Language Research Group at the University of Sheffield

Department of Computer Science‖. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is both a

modern computational technology and a method of investigating and evaluating

claims about human language itself. Some prefer the term Computational

Linguistics in order to capture this latter function, but NLP is a term that links back

into the history of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the general study of cognitive function

by computational processes, normally with an emphasis on the role of knowledge

representations, that is to say the need for representations of our knowledge of the

world in order to understand human language with computers. Natural Language

Processing (NLP) is the use of computers to process written and spoken language

for some practical, useful, purpose: to translate languages, to get information from

the web on text data banks so as to answer questions, to carry on conversations

with machines, so as to get advice about, say, pensions and so on. These are only

examples of major types of NLP, and there is also a huge range of lesser but

interesting applications.NLP is not simply applications but the core technical

methods and theories that the major tasks above divide up into, such as Machine

Learning techniques, which is automating the construction and adaptation of

machine dictionaries, modeling human agents' beliefs and desires etc. This last is

closer to Artificial Intelligence, and is an essential component of NLP if computers

are to engage in realistic conversations: they must, like us, have an internal model

of the humans they converse with."

NL is successfully applied today in many businesses like in sales, marketing,

training, coaching, leadership, customer service, advertising, PR, creative design,



market research and of course HR. Get in touch to learn more about the many

ways NLP can help you and your organization.

Oftentimes Google and other search engines receive queries in forms of questions,

for example: “what is a mortgage backed security” and “where should I go on

vacation”. We research question specific key phrases relevant to our domain to

answer such questions, providing value and relevancy to user which automatically

passes query to BIRS.

1.5 Technology & Tools

1.5.1 Object oriented technology

A major factor for the use of Object-Oriented approach is to remove some of the

flaws encountered with the procedural approach. In OO, data is treated as a critical

element and does not allow it to flow freely. It bounds data closely to the functions

that operate on it and protects it from accidental modification from outside

functions. OO allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called

objects and then builds data and functions around these objects. A major

advantage of OOP is code reusability.

Some important features of Object Oriented programming are as follows:

o Emphasis on data rather than procedure

o Programs are divided into Objects

o Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions

o Objects can communicate with each other through functions

o New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary

o Follows bottom-up approach

Object Oriented Programming in any language is the use of objects to represent

functional parts of an application and real life entities. For example you may have a



Person object to hold the data related to a person and even provide some

functionality that this person may be capable of.

Object Oriented Programming has long been used in games to represent the

objects such as a User or an Enemy, or even a Weapon. This amazing way of

programming has proven just as useful in software and web development.

Abstract data types and information hiding in OOP

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Advanced OOP Techniques in PHP

Above are the basic concepts of OOP here are some more advanced

techniques [1]:

Serialization

PHP doesn't support persistent objects; in OOP persistent objects are

objects that keep its state and functionality across multiple invocations of the

application. This means having the ability to save the object to a file or

database and then load the object back. The mechanism is known as

serialization.

PHP has a serialize method which can be called for objects, the serialize

method returns a string representation of the object. However serialize

saves the data members of the object but not the methods.

In PHP4 if you serialize the object to string $s, then destroy the object, then

un-serialize the object to $obj you might still access the object methods! It is

not recommended because:

The documentation doesn't guarantee this behavior so in future versions it

might not work.



This might lead to 'illusions' if you save the serialized version to disk and exit

the script. In future runs of the script you can't un-serialize the string to an

object and expect the methods to be there because the string representation

doesn't have the methods.

Reason for using OO technology

Object-Oriented Programming has the following advantages over conventional

approaches [2]:

o OOP provides a clear modular structure for programs which makes it good

for defining abstract data types where implementation details are hidden and

the unit has a clearly defined interface.

o OOP makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can

be created with small differences to existing ones.

o OOP provides a good framework for code libraries where supplied software

components can be easily adapted and modified by the programmer. This is

particularly useful for developing graphical user interfaces.



1.5.2 Tools

We used different software tools for BIRS representation and integration of the modules.

List of tools are as follows:

1. Xampp

Operating system

Apache server

MySQL database

PHP

XAMPP

Figure 1.1



XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server package; Apache is

primarily used to serve both static content and dynamic Web pages on the World

Wide Web. Many web applications are designed expecting the environment and

features that Apache provides. Apache is the web server component of the popular

LAMP web server application stack, alongside MySQL, and the PHP/Perl/Python

programming languages consisting mainly of the

Apache HTTP Server:

Features:

Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules

which extend the core functionality.

These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication

schemes. Some common language interfaces support mod Perl, mod python, Tcl,

and PHP.

Popular compression methods on Apache include the external extension module,

mod_gzip, implemented to help with reduction of the size (weight) of web pages

served over HTTP.

Virtual hosting allows one Apache installation to serve many different actual

websites.

Apache features configurable error messages,

DBMS-based authentication databases,

It is also supported by several graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

MySQL

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is

developed, distributed, and supported by MySQL AB. MySQL AB is a commercial

company, founded by the MySQL developers. It is a second generation Open

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platform

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Web_page

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_%28software_bundle%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_perl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_python

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface



Source company that unites Open Source values and methodology with a

successful business model [3].

MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a

simple list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a

corporate network. To add, access, and process data stored in a computer

database, you need a database management system such as MySQL

Server. Since computers are very good at handling large amounts of data,

database management systems play a central role in computing, as

standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.

MySQL is a relational database management system.

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all

the data in one big storeroom. This adds speed and flexibility. The SQL part

of ―MySQL‖ stands for ―Structured Query Language.‖ SQL is the most

common standardized language used to access databases and is defined by

the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been evolving since

1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, ―SQL-92‖ refers to the

standard released in 1992, ―SQL: 1999‖ refers to the standard released in

1999, and ―SQL: 2003‖ refers to the current version of the standard. We use

the phrase ―the SQL standard‖ to mean the current version of the SQL

Standard at any time.

MySQL software is Open Source.

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the

software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and

use it without paying anything The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU

General Public License), to define what you may and may not do with the

software in different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or



need to embed MySQL code into a commercial application, for buy a

commercially licensed version from us[4].

The MySQL Database is very fast, reliable, and easy to use.

If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL also has a

practical set of features developed in close cooperation with our users. You

can find a performance comparison of MySQL with other database

managers.

MySQL was originally developed to handle large databases much faster

than existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding

production environments for several years. Although under constant

development, MySQL today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its

connectivity, speed, and security make MySQL highly suited for accessing

databases on the Internet.

MySQL works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a

multi-threaded SQL server that supports different backbends, several

different client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range

of application programming interfaces (APIs).

A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available. It is very likely that

your favorite application or language supports the MySQL Database Server.

Reason to Use MySQL

Works on many different platforms.

Fully multi-threaded using kernel threads. It can easily use multiple CPUs if

they are available.

Provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.



A very fast thread-based memory allocation system.

Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi-join.

In-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.

SQL functions are implemented using a highly optimized class library and

should be as fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all

after query initialization.

The server is available as a separate program for use in a client/server

networked environment. It is also available as a library that can be

embedded (linked) into standalone applications. Such applications can be

used in isolation or in environments where no network is available.

The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability

Sql Database

Integrity

This section provides looks at the concept by SQL to restrict the information that

can be added to the database. Restrictions are usually thought of as negative

(constraints, limitations, confines etc).When they are applied to data integrity, they

do positive job.i.e.that of ensuing you does not inadvertently add junk data to the

database. Data integrity restriction in effect, acts as policemen for database. They

are responsible for protecting the overall integrity of the database from rogue data

that may be introduced by INSERT and UPDATE [5].

Security

Most SQL based system operate in a multi-user environment .this means that at

any time, several different user‘s can access the same database to query ,insert,

update or delete data. Such an environment requires safety devices that are both

built into the DBMS itself and than prevent users from inadvertently computing

data.



PHP programming language

Features of PHP

Some of the important highlights are as follows.

Speed

PHP is considered to be the fastest, when compared with other programming

languages. You can really feel the speed when you are going to, implement live

over the web. When these operations are performed by PHP it is really faster when

compared with other types of scripting languages. Because of its high performance

of speed, PHP is being used for some of the important administrations like the

server administration over the web.

Open Source

PHP is open source, open source is one where the user is given a free license to

remodel or recode PHP, according to their wish. It is open source remember.

Multi Platform

PHP supports various platforms, which mean PHP can be installed on almost every

operating system, like the window−x, Linux, etc.

Easy Syntax

PHP syntax is quite easy to code, all the syntax are similar to the C language

syntax, if you are very new to the programming environment then it

Will be a bit difficult task for you to code the PHP.

PHP VS different languages

1. PHP vs. Perl

The biggest advantage of PHP over Perl is that PHP was designed for scripting for

the web where Perl was designed to do a lot more and can because of this get very



complicated. The flexibility / complexity of Perl make it easier to write code that

another author / coder has a hard time reading. PHP has a less confusing and

stricter format without losing flexibility. PHP is easier to integrate into existing HTML

than Perl. PHP has pretty much all the 'good' functionality of Perl: constructs,

syntax and so on, without making it as complicated as Perl can be. Perl is a very

tried and true language, it's been around since the late eighties, but PHP is

maturing very quickly.

2. PHP vs. ASP

ASP is not really a language in itself, it's an acronym for Active Server Pages, and

the actual language used to program ASP with is Visual Basic Script or JScript. The

biggest drawback of ASP is that it's a proprietary system that is natively used only

on Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). This limits it's availability to Win32

based servers additional components.

3. PHP vs. ASP.net

PHP is a relatively simpler language to use than ASP.net. PHP is has much

better support for the database management system, MySQL. In fact, the

very popular blogging platform, Word Press uses the formidable

combination of PHP coding on MySQL for its content management system,

which includes about hundreds of thousands of blog posts every single day.

Another very popular and frequently updated service that uses the

combination of PHP and MySQL is Wikipedia. ASP.net can also support

MySQL, but PHP is unanimously hailed, by the masses and classes alike,

for its great support for this database management system.

People who use both PHP and ASP.net also maintain their opinion that

PHP is better for embedded support with another database management

system SQLite is described as a relational database management system

and since it is contained in a C programming library, PHP can provide



better support to it.

PHP has also a very good support for object oriented programming, on

which whole scripting languages are being built nowadays. ASP.net also

provides capable support to OOP.

When it comes to support, PHP wins over ASP.net. The main reason for this is

that PHP is open source. Hence, the support can come freely from all over the

world. In most cases, PHP fixes are made instantly.

PHP can use the command line to perform many everyday activities. Some

of the things that the PHP command line is useful for is for manipulating

across many files and for putting files into multiple directories at once.

These are just some of the important features that PHP's command line is

used for.

PHP is an open source programming language; Programmers can develop

PHP applications virtually at no cost. ASP.net is not free too, but its

extensions are available for free on Windows platforms, Hence, ASP.net is

available to Windows users when they buy it. That puts a bit of restriction in

its use.

ASP.net is compiled into memory in binary code. So, when ASP.net is used

for coding, it is evident that it takes much longer time to process since the

codes need to be retrieved from memory. However, PHP is not compiled

into memory like ASP.net is. It is interpreted at runtime. That is the reason

why PHP coding leads to better speed and even efficiency. However, it

must be said that both PHP and ASP.net can run at supreme speeds and

efficiency when they are coded expertly.

Since PHP is older, there are many people who claim that it is much more



secure than ASP.net where coding is concerned. ASP.net is much new,

and the security options may not be fully in place yet.

Why use PHP for server-side scripting?

A trend with a lot of new Web Designers is to blindly go for ASP or JSP for creating

dynamic and interactive websites.

PHP is indeed a great choice for dynamic websites and a lot of popular websites do

use PHP as a scripting language.

Reason to use PHP

PHP runs on different platforms such as Windows, Linux, UNIX, etc. PHP is easy

and fast to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.). PHP

supports many databases such as MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL etc. PHP with

MySQL database and Apache Server is a very good and popular combination. PHP

combined with MySQL are cross-platform.

PHP is the widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as

Microsoft's ASP and Sun Microsystems JSP. PHP is perfectly suited for Web

development and can be embedded directly into the HTML code. PHP is often used

together with Apache (web server) on various operating systems. It can be also

used with Microsoft's IIS on Windows.



Usage scenario

Project description through the following scenarios

Scenario 1:

This scenario details the login steps of the manager. it is necessary to gain the

access to the other functionality.

1. The manager will login

2. Login will be verified from the verification function

3. Verification will be done through the verification system

4. From the verification function the login will be valid or invalid

Scenario 2:

The session is created through the scenario one. The end user has two perspective

of using the system .one from the searching perspective through NL and another

through filling the applicants‘ form.

The database saves the information for the applicant.

Scenario 2.1

End user adds the applicant through the new applicant panel.

The applicant fills resume having personnel information, educational details,

working experience and the reference. The database saves the detailed information

of the applicant.



Scenario 2.2

The manger after the creation of the session inquires for the information of the HR.

the manager will type the NL onto the query text box and then searches for the

required output through the database.

Scenario 3:

The manager can take following three actions on the resume of the applicant

according to the requirement

1. Approve

2. Interview schedule

3. Reject

Scenario 4:

An applicant creates an electronic profile gives not only the common contact

information but also record the qualification, work experience and other relevant

details.

The applicant can edit and delete the information also.



2.1 User profiles

BIRS has two main users.

Managers

New applicant

Since Manager is one who controls the resources and expenditures of the

company and hence he is the authorized user of the system. The user will be

verified as a manager when the user id and passwords verifies. The manager will

be able to access the BIRS from both admin panel and the applicant panel. Only

the managers are authorized to access the admin panel where the manager types

the N.L to retrieve the required output. The managers can keep an eye on the

employees‘ profile through BIRS.

Applicant who is not the authorized person can not access the admin panel. The

only new applicant panel is available for the applicant. The applicants will only fill

the C.V.

Manager and applicant are the only intended users of the system.



2.2 Use-cases

manager

Login

login

verifying

valid invalid

«uses»

«extends»

*

*

Figure 2.1

Description:

This use case defines the session creation scenario. The manager creates the

session by login the user id and password. The manager given information is then

verified through the verification system. After verifying the user will either be valid or

invalid. The unauthorized person won‘t be able to access the functionality of the

system.

Verification

System <<include>>



Figure 2.2

Session started

new applicant

query text

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

manager/applicant

Description:

Now when the session is created the manager will be able to access the functions

of the BIRS. The manager can enter the NL query to inquire about the employee.

The applicant fills the C.V without creating the session. The manager after inquiring

about the applicant takes the action on it.

Data

base



Figure2.3

Entering query

query text

search

manager

**

* *

Description:

The manager types the NL in the query box. The query is then taken up by the

keyword extractor when the search function works. The NL query is converted into

the query and the query retrieves the output from the database.

<<Include>>

Keyword

extractor and

Query

generator

System



Applicant form

personal

information

educational detail

work experience

reference

*

*

* **

*

*

*

*

** *

*

*

*

*

user

Figure 2.4

Description:

The applicant fills the C.V without the creation of the session. The data is then

stored into the database

Database



Manager’s action

manager

*

* *

*

take actoin

approve interview schedule reject

Figure2.5

Description:

The action taken by the manager for the applicants on behaves of the applicant‘s

skills and/or educational details. The manager can approve, reject or schedule the

interview. These decision are then stored in the storage system

Storage

system <<Include>> <<include>> <<include>>



2.3 Special usage considerations

Usage specification

The BRIS will run on windows O.S only.

Installation of XAMP server.

Installation of SQLyog.

Installation of PHP editors.

Limitation

Server is required for the BRIS as it‘s the desktop based application.

BIRS is domain restricted. The domain is HR.

The whole natural language (English) can not be covered as it‘s a huge

language. There are some limitations that should be followed.



Functional and Data Description

Our system is mainly design to facilitate the applicant and HR domain users so

BIRS focused to provide easiness to both. System is modeled in to two halves one

is Admin panel and other is applicant panel. The Administrator logins to BIRS

account by authorized password and user id then it will redirect the administrator to

the control panel where he can ask query related to the HR database and can

update, insert, delete and retrieve the data. While applicant can directly upload

his/her resume to the HR department manager can find the desired resume by

following the simple steps:

Administrator will give free form text input to ask the query or to extract information

from the data base. From this text keyword will be extracted on behalf of user‘s

focused or intention that what he needs to do. Then by taking the keywords which

stored in database to give the SQL related words to generate appropriate SQL

query which then executed and show the response of the query in the form of

reports.



3.1 System Architecture

BIRS architecture is given below which defines concrete working of BIRS and its

interaction with the end users.

Figure 3.1

BIRS provide an interface for both Applicant and Administrator. It actually has two

precepts one is from Applicant end and other is from Admin end.

Admin Panel:

The higher management of any organization can use the BIRS in order to retrieve

information and manage the database. He/she can ask query in free form text or in

the natural language (English).

RESUME SUBMISSION

APPLICANT PANEL

BIRS

Natural language

APPLICANT

CV

APPLICANT PANEL

BIRS

Natural language

APPLICANT

CV

ADMIN PANEL

MANAGE HR DB

Administrator

RESUME SUBMISSION

APPLICANT PANEL

BIRS

Natural language

APPLICANT

CV



Applicant panel:

Any one can submit the resume by using BIRS in very convenient and easy way by

gradually adding the information.

3.1.1 Architecture model

Architecture of system is presented here. This includes detail description of system

and system diagram.

Figure 3.2

Response from DB

Report generation

SQL query generation

SQL query execution

Keyword extraction

Free form Natural

language input

MANAGE HR DB



BIRS is actually business domain software which is based on Natural language

input

Free form Natural language input.

It will be the text input in normal English form also called free form text input. User

can ask the desired query or perform intended action for manage a database.

Keyword extraction

From the input text we extracted the keywords which contain action, field, table and

condition. This keyword will be stored in QUERY BANK.

SQL query generation

We picked SQL corresponding commands for the stored keywords in order to

generate the SQL query.

SQL query execution

After the generation of SQL query it then executed.

Response from DB

Executed query then give response/output from the database.

Report generation

The output is representing in the report form.



3.1.2 Modules overview

Each subsystem noted in the architecture model is described briefly

The modules are simple when user enter his query it first proceed by module

named Keyword Extraction for taken out specific keywords related to the

requirement of the user these keywords than further pass on to next module SQL

Query Generation module which used these words to generate SQL query. Once

these queries are created they are executed by SQL Query Execution module to

select out required database tables and fields. In end the Report Generation

module simply put table in a manner that is easy to read.

3.2 Data Description

Top-level data objects that will be managed by the system are

Extracted words/ indicators (condition) ,

Database,

Name ,

Table name,

Field name.



3.2.1 Major data objects

Data objects and their major attributes are described.

Database name: The database name is the major part of the System.

Without the database the system is Unable to run.

Key words: These are words that are required by our Algorithm. These are

the table names, field name, indicators like condition or can be any

aggregate word.

Table name: The extracted information from the query will contain the table

name to verify that the query required by the manager exist in the Database.

Columns name: Once the table name is verified the internal flow will search

for the field name to retrieve the exact data.



3.2.2 System level data model

Figure 3.3



3.3 System Interface Description

BIRS is server based system so it can easily interface with outside the world. We

used Apache server which supports a variety of features, many implemented as

compiled modules which extend the core functionality. Virtual hosting allows one

Apache installation to serve many different actual websites.



Module Description

In this chapter we defined in detail about the different module of the BIRS. 4.1 is

about the keyword extraction which define that how from the input text query

specific keywords will be taken out, 4.2 include description about how we generate

SQL query that is based on matching of keywords extracted from first module with

our query bank, 4.3 describe the execution of SQL queries, and in 4.4 we try to

describe the output of the in a report form.

The modules are as figure 3.2

4.1 Keyword extraction

A typical information retrieval (IR) system responds to the user‘s query by selecting

documents from a database and ranking them in terms of relevance. A successful

IR system is able to filter out extraneous information and return only relevant

information, such level of precision of very hard to accomplish. People rarely

supply enough information for the system to determine what the user is looking for,

for example: queries for a World Wide Web search engine almost never exceed 4

words. An IR system well suited for general use would be able to process very

natural form queries. [6] We designed a system that started with a query and gives

almost precisely selected database tables and fields that were relevant to the

original query. This System extracts keywords from the original query and chooses

tables and fields that precisely matched the user‘s expectations. Real examples



often have many lines of query, and these are usually stored in a database-

management system that we can query by using SQL.

We wanted to achieve a high precision level by building independent recognizers.

The module selects specific text or key words that summarize the original query.

Extracting keywords requires that you recognize the character that are input, and

remove unwanted punctuation, symbols, numbers, and stop words. Our very first

task was to take out specific words from the user query. Since our user can enter

any query in natural language (English) as far as it‘s related to Human resource.

Our aim is to pick out related word from that input. Keyword extraction starts by

reading into a text string. When the user enters his query in text form it immediately

read by a file ―np.php‖ using a function "file_get_contents ( )".

Since we're only interested in keywords, we need to remove the punctuation,

special symbol characters, currency signs, and other math characters. However,

that stripping away punctuation joins sentences together into a single long string of

words. This is fine for extracting keywords, but not phrases. The words at the end

of one sentence will blend into those at the start of the next sentence, creating odd

word pairings that can give unexpected phrase searching results. Removing

punctuation also destroys the grammatical cues needed by natural language

processing. But for keyword extraction, we don't need punctuation or symbols —

just the words.

Keyword extraction module use natural language queries using PHP on Apache

Server. English keyword extraction module allows extracting and interpreting

queries posed in English regarding known tables, fields and data.



For example, when user writes a query ―view me the salaries of employees along

with their names‖.

We define a function that read this query as a text string and it saves this as an

array of words, then this array is searched for words like View, Salary, Employees,

Name and value A. keywords are extracted accordingly to build syntax for database

to create SQL command. We can see that View can be consider as SELECT,

Salary & Name is like Field name and Employee is same as table in database.

This selection is due to a table name query bank in which we save more than 40

words; these words are select in bases of part of speech tag, we collect some

distinctive word like select, view, display for manipulating table, employee,

applicant for selecting table and name, salary, email id etc, as field name.

Here are the steps required to develop a keyword search.

Before that we will remove the blank space from left and right of the search sting by

using ltrim and rtrim functions.

$ltable=trim($ltable," ");

$rtable=trim($rtable," ");

4.1.1 Scope of generating keywords

Wouldn't it be nice if user can simply understood SQL and could pose questions to

the database themselves? Obviously, not many users are going to invest the time

necessary to learn SQL, but we offers the next best thing -- the ability to execute

queries using Standard English!



The components for English keyword extraction – the query bank table and the

runtime engine. The query bank (QB) table makes it possible for user to enter

different keywords into the query. The QB table allows you to test it against queries

you think users will pose. For example, you might try asking the database ―display

designation of employees who are working in HR department‖. If the table

encounters any queries it can‘t extract , it makes alerts

The runtime engine handles the English-to-SQL translation tasks. It uses an

extensive English syntax algorithm to extract keywords from plain language

statements that define the meaning of the question and identify the corresponding

database objects.

4.1.2 Flow diagram

The flow for searching query for a keyword might be shown as:

1. Admin enters the query

2. Click‘s the search button.

3. The search is executed for keywords

4. The results are forwarded to SQL query execution module

Alternative: Search failed

if the search fails at 3, then the user is redirected back to the search screen at

step1

The system flow is as follow



Figure 4.1

4.1.3 Restriction / Limitation

Main constraint of this module is that it can only take query in simple English

Language, also since our domain is specific one can only ask question related to

human resource department. Other restriction is that WH-question can‘t be

processed.

4.1.4 Performance issue

Our implementation has focused more on providing greater usability through the

use of controlled query bank. Database comes with a root dictionary which already

has definitions for common English words.

4.1.5 Design constraint

Our biggest design constraint for extracting keyword was to make such a query

bank that can define as much word so that our restriction can be overcome. We

Selected keywords to

next module

Keyword

extraction

Text query

User / admin



design our query bank on the bases of ontological foundation that is consisting of

same type word that give similar meanings for example education, qualification,

degree information etc.

4.2 SQL query generation

When this collection is performed we need to make SQL query. So far, we have

extracted specific text to get answers from database. To do this, we enter some

small text queries that we typed directly into query pane. We will apply the search

to an existing table. The visitors will enter one or more than one keywords in the

search box and we have to develop a query based on the selection of the visitor.

Here we will discuss how to create a sql query to apply to the database with

multiple keywords. Basically we will focus on construction of sql using keywords

When the keyword are located query generation module is next. In this module

basic SQL query is generated through these words. For this we would need

somehow to tell the module where to find the equivalent SQL syntax. We do this by

defining a special kind of table named IsKeyword into the query bank.

Since the visitor limited to search for exact match or any where match on the table.

For that we use our QB table and apply the search to the word in IsKeyword table

of our MySQL table. Based on the selected type of keyword then function look

whether it is a table name in IsTable column or a field name in Isfield column after

that sql query is generated

When the words have exact match as table name or field name then create the

query using simple where condition by searching for the SQL equivalent word in

sqlword table



function findop($data)

{

$sql="select * from querybank where data='$data' and sqno=1";

$result=mysql_query($sql);

if(mysql_num_rows($result)>0)

{

$data=mysql_result($result,0,'sqlword');

//echo "<script>alert('".$data."');</script>";

}

else

{

$data="";

}

return $data;

}

function istable($data)

{

$data1=false;

$sql="select * from querybank where data='$data' and istable=1";


if(mysql_num_rows($result)>0)

{

if(mysql_result($result,0,'istable')==1)

{



$data1=true;

//echo "<script>alert('table');</script>";

$table=mysql_result($result,0,'sqlword');

}

else

{

// echo "<script>alert('not table');</script>";

$data1=false;

}

}

return $data1;

Else if asked for different matching of keywords then read the search term and

breaks it into array of keywords using split command. Then loop through all the

element of the array of words and create the sql command using like command for

each word or the element of the array. Here is the code for this.

$kt=split(" ",$search_text);//Breaking the string to array of words

// Now let us generate the sql

while(list($key,$val)=each($kt)){

if($val<>" " and strlen($val) > 0){$q .= " name like '%$val%' or ";}

}// end of while

we have broken the text using split command and then looped through the

keywords. Here using one if condition we have taken care that blank space are

removed in formatting the sql string.



$q=substr($q,0,(strLen($q)-3));

In the above line we have first calculated the length of the string by using strlen and

then used that value inside the substr function after subtracting 3 from it. The 3 is

subtracted as length of OR with one blank space is 3. This way we will get the

string after removing 3 chars from the end.

function generateQuery($pieces)

4.2.1 Scope of query generation

This module is next main module after keyword extraction module. This module can

convert textual input into SQL query.

4.2.2 Flow diagram

1. Extracted keywords

2. Search corresponding SQL keyword in Query bank.

3. Generate SQL query.

Alternative: If 3 failed go to step 2 for further searching.

Flow diagram is as follow

Figure 4.2

Extracted keyword

Checking into database for

equivalent SQL keyword

Generating SQL query



4.2.3 Restriction /Limitation

The objective of translating freeform English to SQL is a challenging one. Currently

the translation from text does not handle truly random ad hoc questions. Our

implementation has focused more on providing greater usability through the use of

predefined words and controlled extensions to those questions.

Our limitation here is that we have difficulty to implement update and insert query.

Also query which have inner joint in there generation are complex to achieve.

4.2.4 Design issue

We have difficulty during the generation of multiple queries asked by user, for

example if user asks for selecting many tables and field for updating them.

4.3 SQL Query execution

Here we execute the SQL query, when the query generated it pass on to this

module. We collect records or data from MySQL database by using PHP. Here we

use some exclusive PHP function to interact and collect data from MySQL db.

These functions will be available for use if MySQL support is enabled in PHP

configuration file php.ini.

We use PHP functions to interact with SQL. The connection to SQL is already

established .We use the function mysql_query() to execute the SQL select query.

function getprimaryfield($ltable,$rtable)

{

$sql="select * from keypairs where ptable in ('$ltable') and ftable in('$rtable')";




The pointer of this function we will use as input to mssql_fetch_array() , this

mssql_fetch_array() function will return the array of records. We will use while loop

to display all the records collected inside the array.

Here is the complete code to display the records from a MySQL table.

$dbusername='';

$dbpassword='';

$servername='';

$link= mysql_connect($servername,$dbusername,$dbpassword);

$query="select * from emp_m ";

$qt=mysql_query($query);

while($nt=mysql_fetch_array($qt)){

echo "$nt[emp_no]"." $nt[name]";

echo "<br>";

}

4.4 Report generation

If there are more records in a table ( say more than 50) then it will not look nice to

display all the records in one page and asking visitors to scroll down to see all the

records. This will also slow the process of loading of records. So it is better to break

all the collected records into different pages with a fix number of records per page

(say ten records per page) .We have to give navigational link at left and right side

saying previous and next page. We also have to give links at the center so the

visitor can visit in between pages of his/her choice.

The below menu is further improved if you have more records. For more than 1000



records and if you have 10 records per page then you have to show 100 links at the

bottom of the page. That can be further simplified in advanced script to make links

in groups.



Behavioral Model and Description

There are two main behavioral models of the BIRS.

One from the applicant’s panel.

Second from the manager’s panel.

5.1 Description for system behavior

The BIRS takes the natural language input when the authorized user is log in. there is no

access for the applicant or for the employee from the security point of view. The applicants

will be hired or approved on the bases of their skills and education by the managers. the

applicant will submit the resumes for the required job. The managers will select, invite the

applicants for the interview, can also approach for the second interview if needed. Then the

manger will decide to hire and will decline the applicants if the applicant is not interested

for the job the managers will search for the applicants who is fit for the job through his own

end means he doesn’t has to wait for the other person to inform. The manager can search

directly through the BIRS through natural language. The manager can also spy the

employees. About their salaries, their department, their designations, their attendance and

leave etc.

5.1.1 Events/interrupts

The events that will cause behavioral change within the system are represented from two

perspective .one from the admin point of view and other from the applicant point of view

Events of admin perspective are

Login

Search via Natural language

Logout

Events of applicant perspective are

New applicants



The new applicant has the following events

Personal information

Educational detail

Work experience

Reference

5.1.2 States

Take action

A listing of states that will result as a consequence of events is presented.

Start state will result in two events

Login

New applicant

Entering user id/password state will result into three events

Entering NL

Control panel

Logout

Search state will result the output.

From the applicant perspective

Applicant personal information results in educational detail event

Add education detail results in work experience event

Work experience results in view information

5.2 State Transition Diagrams

State transition diagram contains two modules one from the manager’s perspective and

second from the applicant’s perspective.

Manager’s perspective:



Figure 5.1

Login NL search

Login

When the login event is triggered user id and password state will arise. When the

verification is done for the user then the manager will type the natural language query in the

query text box event. When the search event is triggered the output state will occur. When

the user logins fail due to the invalid user id or password the user has to login again. The

enter query state can take multiple input for the several time for the searching and to

provide the output.

Figure#5.2

Output Enter

query

User

verification

Not verified

Control panel

No query panel

Query panel User verified

Not a member

start

Logout

Control

panel



When the control panel is triggered it verifies for the authentic user if verified so the query

panel will be displayed. If not a member then the query panel will not be showed. The

applicant has access only to the new applicant event

Applicant’s perspective:

The applicant will fill his or her C.V through the new applicant event. the flow can be

represented as follows.

Figure5.3

When the applicant trigger over the new applicant event the system will come into the

applicant’s personal information state . here the applicant will fill his/her name , fathe’s

name ,address , country, email , phone ,city , POB, religion etc . then after the submit event

the system will be in the educational detail’s state

Figure5.4

In the educational detail the applicant will enter his/ her educational history like degree

name , degree, name of the institute, year of passing , grade. The applicant trigger the add

event to add the history and can also proceed to fill the other educational details if any else

will trigger the go to step 3 where the system will be in the work experience state

Add data

add Go to step

3

Educational

detail

Applicant’s

personal

information

submit



Figure#5.5

In work experience state the applicant will fill his/her working experience like what is the

period of work, where did he/she work, what was the name of the company what is the

reason of leaving the company. What is the salary last drawn. After gathering these

information the applicant can trigger the add event and can also add further experience if

having else the applicant will trigger the go to step 4 event and the system will be in the add

reference system.

Figure#5.6

In the add reference state the applicant will give the reference of the person who referred

him/her .the name phone number , email id etc of the referred person. At the end when the

applicant triggers the done event the system comes into the view information state where

the applicant can view his/her C.V.

add

Add data

Go to step

4

Work

experience

done

Add reference

View

information



Overall state diagram of the applicant from the applicant’s perspective

Figure5.7

Applicant’s

personal

information

submit

Add data

add Go to step 3

Educational

detail

add

Add data

Go to step 4

Work

experience

done

Add reference

View

information



5.3 Control specification

Each and every part of the processing is managed by the system. Only the input is required

from the authorized user. The front end is controlled by the login event and the new

applicant event. The members can only access the login panel by providing the valid user id

and the password. The mangers can access the new applicant also from the admin panel

also. The applicant have no right to access the login panel .only the new applicant panel is

available for the applicants.



System Prototype and Modeling

BIRS prototype has been modeled in accordance of the user‘s convenience and to

provide attractive GUI. Below the snapshot of prototype is given

Figure 6.1 Home page



Figure 6.2 Login panel

Figure 6.3 Control panel



Figure 6.4 Applicant panel



6.1 Description of system modeling approach

We used Linear Sequential Model for BIRS, some time it also called ―classical Life

cycle‖ or ―water flow model‖. Sequential model suggests a systematic sequential

approach to software development that begins at the system level and progresses

through the following.

6.1.1 System/information engineering and modeling

First we gathered detailed requirements of BIRS. This system modeling is essential

when the BIRS interface with other elements such as hardware, people and other

resources. System is the basic and very critical requirement for the existence of

BIRS. To extract the maximum output we re-engineered and spruced up the BIRS.

We analyzed language, behavior and intentions of manager at various levels of

their search process in their specific domain that is HR in our case. Proper

understanding of all the factors made easy to achieve our goal. We started with

identification and optimization for the most common keywords searches in HR

domain, followed by more complex keyword string research on specific

segmentations within HR. Our approach is to find keywords with high search

volume that indicate interest in our selected domain. Keyword research is a

continuous process.

6.1.2 Software Requirement Analysis.

For developing BIRS which is natural language based we visited in different

organization to monitor their working related to retrieval of information and data

extraction and also analyzed that how they maintain their databases since our



working area is Human Resource so we also gathered detail information about HR

department of any organization. This analysis helped us more in order to have the

knowledge about BIRS behavior, function, performance and interfacing.

Human Resource Study:

The Human Resource Department provides expert level HR outsourcing, advisory

and interim professional staffing solutions. Our flexible model encompasses

traditional onsite and offsite project consulting in all major HR subject areas, interim

staffing of HR professionals and virtual HR services.

This includes the modules of

1. Personnel hiring

2. Salary and payroll.

3. Employee Management



Figure 6.5



Personnel Hiring.

Process of Applicant/personnel hiring is shown as the flow chart:

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.6



Employee Management:

Effective management of employees allows accomplishing goals at work.

Effective employee management allows capitalizing on the strengths of other

employees and their ability to contribute to the accomplishment of work. Successful

employee management helps employee motivation, employee development, and

employee retention. Employee management is the most important job that

managers do in an organization. The employee practices that keep employees

motivated, inspired, developing, and attaining goals with your guidance.

In employee management Manager can evolve the employee performance by

review his/her record with different aspect. He can manage the employee on the

behalf of their personal information which he can view easily by using Natural

language.

Salary and Payroll.

A record showing for each employee his or her gross pay, deductions, and net pay.

The payroll may also include details of the employer's associated employment

costs.

6.1.3 Design

BIRS design is actually a multistep process that focuses on four distinct attributes

of the system that is:

Data structure:

Database name

Table‘s name

Columns name



Key words

BRIS architecture:

In the architecture we defined the whole flow of BIRS from taking Natural language

input and process it to the user required output.NL broke in chunks then it will be

used to generate a SQL query ,this query will be then executed and extracts the

information from database and generate the report.

Interface representation.

User interface of BIRS is designed on PHP and HTML which follows object oriented

style .Due to this interface even a non specialist person can easily use the software

to get the required output. Interface of BIRS with outside world is represented by

modeling the given picture.

Figure 6.7

APPLICANT

BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

REPORTING SYSTEM ADMINISTRATER



Procedure.

BIRS is focusing actually on Natural Language .so we mainly followed the

procedure for breaking a natural language which actually follows the following:

Free form natural language text must break in small pieces like action, field, table

and condition (if there will be).the sequence may alter its not consistent. Field or

table can have more than one.

Show employee names

Action Table field

View gender of employee whose age less then 25

Action field table condition field operator value

BIRS contains a QUERY BANK which stores the words and correspond SQL word

it‘s a big task to maintain such a table because natural language is itself very

ambiguous one word can have many different meaning. To make the query flexible

we didn‘t restrict any special syntax but since to capture natural language at this

stage is very difficult so BIRS also have some limitations

This HR database could be used in many different ways. We have created queries

to show what tasks this database can fulfill.

The first type is simple Query which can show the all fields of database on

user‘s demand like.

Show employees firstname



show employees lastname

Show employees dateofbirth

Show employees qualification/education

Show applicant firstname

Show applicant dateofbirth

The second type is conditional which can show the ―where‖ clause Queries.

Show employees where lastname is ('qureshi')

Show employees firstname where lastname is ('qureshi')

6.1.4 Code generation

BIRS design is translated into machine readable form by using different

programming language the list of programming language is as follows.

1. PHP and HTML.

Both are used to provide user interface. But PHP is also used for key word

extraction, SQL query execution and database creation.

2. JSP

JavaScript is an interpreted programming or script language java Script uses some

of the same ideas found in Java, the compiled object-oriented programming derived

from C++. JavaScript code can be imbedded in HTML pages and interpreted by the

Web browser (or client).

Although best known for its use in websites (as client-side JavaScript), JavaScript

is also used to enable scripting access to objects embedded in other applications.

JavaScript, despite the name, is essentially unrelated to the Java programming

language, although both have the common C syntax.



Prototype-based

Prototypes

JavaScript uses prototypes instead of classes for defining object properties,

including methods, and inheritance. It is possible to simulate many class-based

features with prototypes in JavaScript.

Functions as object constructors

Functions double as object constructors along with their typical role. Prefixing a

function call with new creates a new object and calls that function with its local this

keyword bound to that object for that invocation. The function's prototype property

determines the new object's prototype.

Functions as methods

Unlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function

definition and a method definition. Rather, the distinction occurs during function

calling; a function can be called as a method. When a function is invoked as a

method of an object, the function's local this keyword is bound to that object for that

invocation. [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript

Here we defined the some designing portion of BIRS.

Make a connection form PHP to DB.

<?php

$con = mysql_connect("localhost","root","");

if (!$con)

if (mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE hr_db",$con))



{

echo "Database created";

}

else

{

echo "Error creating database: " . mysql_error();

}

mysql_close($con);

?>

Make a table using PHP

// Create table

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$sql = "CREATE TABLE Persons

(

FirstName varchar(15),

LastName varchar(15),

Age int

)";

// Execute

Executing simple query

<?php

$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");

if (!$con)

mysql_select_db("hr_db", $con);



$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons");

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))

{

echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];

echo "<br />";

}

mysql_close($con);

?>

Executing conditional query

<?php

$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");

if (!$con)

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE FirstName='Peter'");

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))

{

echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];

echo "<br />";

}

?>



6.1.5 Testing

We performed all required testing to verify the working of BIRS .we perform

integration testing to check the proper working of each module.

6.2 Special performance issues.

There are some performance issues in BIRS which is defined as below.

6.2.1 Complex query.

If user will give a complex query as input then it will obviously affect on

performance of BIRS. A complex query is a form of combination of multiple

conditional and aggregate queries.

Like.

Display the record of the employees having age > (‗50‘) years and calculate his

total salary from his joining date and find out his total attendance of the year

(‗2003‘).

6.2.3 Natural language Ambiguity.

Lexical ambiguity.

It means that query is not specifying clearly that what user requires.

Like: I want to view the good employee…

Here it includes the semantic ambiguity .This is often the case, for example, with

idiomatic expressions whose definitions are rarely or never well-defined, and are

presented in the context of a larger argument that invites a conclusion.

6.2.4 Heavy Database:

If the database of organization is too heavy then it will take time to retrieve the

required data.



6.3 Prototyping requirement

For designing the prototype of the BIRS we required the tools which provide a

convenient interface to the user here we used PHP and HTML for prototyping.



System Estimates and Actual Outcome

This section provides cost estimates for the project. Cost and time analysis is a very important phase of the project and different organizations have different methods of calculating cost of the project. The experience of experts available is also important in order to calculate the true cost of project. We have tried to calculate cost of our project on the basis of two measures. Time: Time to complete the project Personals Working: No of Developers available to work on project 1. Cost of Utilized Resources Following are the estimations made before the start of the project:

Total Estimated Time to complete the project = 26 weeks (Note: This time includes programming + research + finding solution to our problems by consulting experts.)

Total no of hours that all the developers are working on project/week = 15 hrs

Total no of Working hours for entire project duration = 26 * 15 = 390 hrs

Total No of Developers available to develop the project = 4 persons

Therefore all the workers will collectively work for 375*4 = 1500 hrs

Estimated amount of money while considering all three measure such loc, time, and cost of utilized resources.

Therefore, the total Cost of the project is Rs.25,000 out of which 40 % cost is of utilized resources that includes electricity, systems software, transportation etc. 60% is the cost of other expenses that we might have in the course of project For the software project estimation, effort estimation is as important as the cost and time estimation. Effort is measured in person-months

7.1 Historical data used for estimates

Our overall estimation strategy indicates that we iterate cycles of analysis, implementation and experimentation to converge on an effective solution to the research problems. The first phase of work was the definition of the problem. We first examined the existing work in the field to get a better understanding. We did not have access to any existing simulation tools, so we were confined to examining the existing research literature. Once we had a good idea of what the research challenges were, the second phase of work involved research on the tools that would be used for the solution of defined problem.



The third phase involved deployment of the design space, evaluation of potential solutions and refining these solutions as necessary until we were satisfied with the demonstrated improvements.

7.2 Estimation techniques applied and results

Software cost and effort estimation can never be an exact science. Too many variables i.e. human, technical, environment, political affected the ultimate cost of software and effort applied to develop it. The model we used for cost and effort estimation is COCOMO 2 [3] model. We use COCOMO model as a cost estimation technique. The COCOMO cost estimation model is used by thousands of software project managers, and is based upon a study of hundreds of software projects. Unlike other cost estimation models, COCOMO is an open model, so all of the details are published, including:

The underlying cost estimation equations

Every assumption made in the model

Every definition (e.g. the precise definition of the Product Design phase of a project)

The costs that COCOMO estimates are stated Because COCOMO [3]is well defined, and because it doesn't rely upon proprietary estimation algorithms, Costar offers these advantages to its users:

COCOMO estimates are more objective and repeatable than estimates made by methods relying

on proprietary models

COCOMO can be calibrated to reflect your software development environment, and to produce more accurate estimates

Costar is a faithful implementation of COCOMO II. It's easy to use on small projects, and yet powerful enough to plan and control large projects.



Figure 7.1 activity report.



Figure 7.2



Figure 7.3



Figure 7.4



Figure 7.5



Figure 7.6 .



Figure7.7



Figure 7.8



Figure 7.9



Figure 7.10



7.3 Actual Results and Deviation from Estimates

Our actual results are same as we estimated before, because we did not use any external resources.

7.4 System Resources

HARDWARE Ram, Hard disk, Processor speed Operating system

SOFTWARE XAMPP server SQLyog

7.4.1 System Resources Required

RAM: 256 MB Hard disk: 40 GB to install the XAMPP server and database Processor speed: 2.4 GH Operation system: windows, vista platform

7.4.2 System Resources Used

RAM and hard disk required use to installed XAMPP server and other soft ware. Processor Speed required for fast processing. And this is compatible to both windows and vista.



Test Plan

We want to produce bug free product. And make sure that there is no defect in our

project. So we spending large amount of time in testing. We provide description

procedure and Strategy of the testing.

Overview

Test plan

objectives

We need to clear our objectives before starting

To ensure that

- Function consistently and reliably in accordance with

current business operations.

- Meet or exceed our requirements and technical

specifications.

Not adversely impact other systems or the existing technology

environment.

Testing

Assumptions

In unit testing instead of code we make module in GUI manner

give input and find out desired output. If the output is correct

then our module is successfully run .for that we make test

cases and analyzes the module.

Risks &

Contingencies

The following risks apply to the testing process and may

impact either the proposed date of readiness for the BIRS, or

the comprehensive level of testing that can be performed in

each of the Functional Units:

- The actual implementation may take longer to perform

than anticipated. The DB must complete the upgrade to

its entirety before users will be granted access to the



system.

The following contingencies exist in order to successfully

complete the testing activities as outlined in this document:

- The staffing resources as listed in 8.3 will be available to

complete the testing requirements contained in this

document.

Table 8.1

8.1 System Test and Procedure

This section provides an overview of the entire test document. In BIRS we need to test each individual module either can run properly so we perform unit testing we have three modules

Keyword Extraction

Sql query generation

Query execution and repot generation

The above modules were tested in unit testing.

After completion of unit testing we have successfully done integration testing to integrate these individual modules.

At recruitment side we performed validation testing to ensure that all fields in curriculum vitae should taken valid values.

Security testing is applicable in administration panel because we working over database for security of database we restrict it .provide user name and password only administrator can login and perform action.

Stress testing is also applicable at administration panel when he is login for access data base insert natural language query so we put maximum length of query and analyze how many words it should be taken at a time.

8.2 Testing strategy

The overall strategy for software testing is described. In the following section we

describe the testing strategy. We use four different methods to test our product.

8.2.1 Unit testing

In the unit testing we test the separate modules of the software. We carry out white box testing where each module or component of the software is tested



individually. We test the components by passing data through it and monitoring data to find out the errors.[9] We are looking for entry and exit conditions of the data. We make sure that all the components work without any troubles. The test primarily carried out by the programmer who designed and implemented the module. Lead tester than carry out test on the modules to finalize the testing.

8.2.1.1 Keyword Extraction.

First module of BIRS is keyword extraction which extracts the keyword from

natural language query. And we check this by putting NL queries then it split NL

queries into keywords, we know that to process the NL queries in general way is

very difficult so we apply some format .according to that format the query can

process.

For example :

Action table name field name

This is the format which we apply and it extracts the keywords according to the

following pattern.

Test

cas

e ID

Input ( NL queries) Actual output System output Description

1 I want to display the

records of

employees

Action: Display

Table:

employees

Action: Display

Table:

employees

Split and

Extract the

keywords

2 Display the salary of

executive manager

Action: display

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value:

executive

manager

Action: display

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value:

executive

manager

Break this

query and

extract

desired

keywords



3 List down the cv‘s of

hired applicants

Action: show

Table:

applicant

Value: hired

applicants

Action: show

Table:

applicant

Value: hired

applicants

Similarly

select

keywords

4 Show me the

employees who are

absent today

Action: show

Table:

employees

Action: show

Table:

employees

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

5 Update the salary of

manager

Action: update

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value:

manager

Action: update

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value:

manager

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

6 Delete the record of

m.ali

Action: Delete

Table:

employee

Value: m.ali

Action: Delete

Table:

employee

Value: m.ali

Select key

word

according to

the pattern



7 show me the CV of

the candidates

which contains the

degree is ('Masters')

Action :show

Table:

candidate

Value: masters

Action :show

Table:

candidate

Value: masters

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

8 show me the

employees‘ salaries

alongwith salary

where lastname is

('qureshi')

Action: show

Table :

employee

Field: salary

Value: qureshi

Action: show

Table :

employee

Field: salary

Value: qureshi

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

9 View me the

firstname of

employees

Action :show

Table:

employees

Field:firstname

Action :show

Table:

employees

Field: firstname

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

10 View me firstname

and lastname or

dateofbirth of

employees

Action :view

Table:

employee

Field: firstname

lastname,,

dateofbirth

Action :view

Table:

employee

Field: firstname

lastname,,

dateofbirth

Select key

word

according to

the pattern

11 From employee show me name

Invalid query Invalid query Not follow

the pattern

Table 8.2



8.2.1.2 SQL Query Generator:

Second module SQL query generator it takes keywords as input and generates

SQL query on behalf of that key words

Test

cases

Input

Keywords

Actual output System output description

1

Action: Display

Table:

employees

Select * from

employee;

Select * from

employee;

generates sql

query against

the following

keywords

2 Action: display

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value:

executive

manager

select salary from

employees where

designation is

executive manager

select salary from

employees where

designation is

executive manager

Here display

against display

it generate

select query.

3 Action: show

Table: applicant

Value: hired

applicants

Select *from hired

applicants;

Select *from hired

applicants;

Show also

indicates

select query ,

it select hired

applicants

4* Action: show

Table:

employees

Select from

employees who

are not present

Select from

employees who

are not present

This is

conditional

query first

search

employee who



are absent

then run select

or display the

names .

5 Action: update

Table

:employee

Field: salary

Value: manager

Update the salary

from employee

where designation

=manager;

Update from

employee salary

where designation

=manager;

This is

conditional

query perform

updation only in

1 field

6 Action: Delete

Table:

employee

Value: m.ali

Delete from

employee where

name =m.ali

Delete from

employee where

name =m.ali;

Conditional

query delete

the record of

specific

employee

7 Action :show

Table:

candidate

Value: masters

Select * from

candidate whose

degree is master;

Select * from

candidate whose

degree is master;

Conditional or

multi query run

both

simultaneously

by inner join

clause

8 Action: show

Table :

employee

Field: salary

Select salary from

employee whose

lastname is

qureshi;

Select salary from

employee whose

lastname is

qureshi;

Conditional

query or

complex query

first search

employee

whose name



Value: qureshi ends with

qureshi then

display

9 Action :show

Table:

employees

Field: firstname

Select firstname

from employee ;

Select firstname

from employee ;

Simple query

only display

the employee

firstname

10 Action :view

Table:

employee

Field: firstname

lastname,,

dateofbirth

Select from

employee

firstname,lastname

,dateofbirth ;

Select from

employee

firstname,lastname

,dateofbirth ;

Simple run

select query

but retrieved

three different

fields

8.2.1.3: Query execution and Report Generation

Third module of BIRS is data retrieved from data base and generate report. It takes

SQL query as input and produce output as report generation

Test

cases

SQL queries Actual

output

System

output

description

1 Select * from

employee;

Show

records of all

employees

in tabular

form

Show

records of all

employees

in tabular

form

It generate

report on

behalf of

query

Table 8.3



2 select salary from

employees where

designation is

executive manager

Display the

salary of

executive

manager

Display the

salary of

executive

manager

Generate

report

3 Select *from hired

applicants

Generate

report

names of

only hired

applicants

Generate

report

names of

only hired

applicants

Show the

names of

only hired

applicants

4 Show me the

employees who

are absent today

Show the

records of all

absent

employee

Show the

records of all

absent

employee

Simple

generate

report of

employee

who are

absent

5 Update from

employee salary

where designation

=manager;

Update the

salary and

give alert

Update the

salary and

give alert

It update the

salary

6 Delete from

employee where

name =m.ali

Delete

employee

the record of

m.ali

Delete

employee

the record of

m.ali

Perform

deletion

7 Select * from

candidate whose

degree is master;

Show the

candidate

reports

Show the

candidate

reports

Show the

cv‘s of

candidates

whose

education is



masters

8 Select salary from

employee whose

lastname is

qureshi;

Generate

report of

employee

whose last

name is

qureshi

Generate

report of

employee

whose last

name is

qureshi

It Shows the

salary of

employee

whose last

name is

qureshi

9 Select firstname

from employee ;

Generate

report of

employee

first name

Generate

report of

employee

first name

Run simple

select query

to retrieve

only one

coloumn

10 Select firstname,

lastname

,dateofbirth from

employee;

Generate

report

having

firstname,

lastname

and date of

birh

Generate

report

having

firstname,

lastname

and date of

birh

Only run

select query

and

retrieved 3

different

fields

8.2.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

After successfully completion of the unit testing we perform integration testing, in

unit testing we make sure that each module work properly then we start to integrate

these module. [5][6]

Phase 1

First we integrate the keyword extraction and query generation modules. For

analyzing the required output we create test cases and alternate cases either these

two modules integrate properly. Input of this phase is Natural Language and output

is SQL query.

Table 8.4



Test case ID

Test case description

Input data Expected result

Actual result

Pass/Fail Remark

1 It direct

show the

SQL query

of this

input

I want to

display the

records of

employees

Select *

from

employee;

Select *

from

employee;

Pass Successfully integrated

2 Generate

SQL select

query

against the

display.

Display the

salary of

executive

manager

select

salary

from

employee

s where

designatio

n is

executive

manager

select

salary

from

employee

s where

designatio

n is

executive

manager

Pass Successfully integrated

3 Generate

the simple

select

query

List down the

cv‘s of hired

applicants

Select

*from

hired

applicants;

Select

*from

hired

applicants;

pass Successfully integrated

4 Complex

or

conditional

query or

multi query

Show me the

employees

who are

absent today

Select *from

Successfully integrated

5 Complex

query

Update the

salary of

Update

the salary

Update

the salary




because

first run

select then

perform

update

query

manager from

employee

where

designatio

n

=manager

;

from

employee

where

designatio

n

=manager

;

6 Complex

query first

select m.ali

record then

delete

query

Delete the

record of m.ali

Delete

from

employee

where

name

=m.ali

Delete

from

employee

where

name

=m.ali


7 Complex

query

search

candidate

whose

degree ms

then select

show me the

CV of the

candidates

which

contains the

degree is

('Masters')

Select *

from

candidate

whose

degree is

master;

Select *

from

candidate

whose

degree is

master;


8 conditional

query

generate

select

query with

where

clause

show me the

employees

salaries

alongwith

salary where

lastname is

('qureshi')

Select

salary

from

employee

whose

lastname

is qureshi;

Select

salary

from

employee

whose

lastname

is qureshi;


9 Generate

simple

View me the

firstname of

Select

firstname

Select

firstname




select

query

employees from

employee

;

from

employee

;

10 Generate

simple

select

query with

different

field

names

View me

firstname and

lastname or

dateofbirth of

employees

Select

firstname,l

astname

,dateofbirt

h from

employee;

Select

firstname,l

astname

,dateofbirt

h from

employee;


Phase 2:

After successfully integrated of these two modules we further processed this process and integrate this with third module information extraction from database and report generation. Input of this phase is Natural Language query and output is report generation.

Test case ID

Test case description

Input data Expected result

Actual result

Pass/Fail Remark

1 Generate report of all records of employees in tabular form

I want to

display the

records of

employees

Generate report of employees record

Generate report of employees record


2 Only show salary o executive manager as a report

Display

the salary

of

executive

Generate required report



Table 8.5



manager

3 Display cv‘s of all hired applicants in list form

List down

the cv‘s of

hired

applicants


Generate report


4 Display name of employee in list form

Show me

the

employees

who are

absent

today




5 Perform updation and give alert.

Update

the salary

of

manager




6 After perform delete give alert

Delete the

record of

m.ali


Generate report


7 Show cvs of all applicant who having degree masters .in tabular fom

show me

the CV of

the

candidates

which

contains

the degree

is

('Masters')




8 Display show me

Generate Generate pass Successfully



salary only that employee whose name ends with qureshi in tabular form

the

employees

salaries

alongwith

salary

where

lastname

is

('qureshi')

required report

required report

integrated

9 Show only one field of employees in tabular form

View me

the

firstname

of

employees




10 Generate report having information of employee in tabular form

View me

firstname

and

lastname

or

dateofbirth

of

employees




11 Show in valid query

From

employee

show

name

Invalid query

Invalid query


Table 8.6



8.2.3 Validation testing

With respect to the applicant end. When applicant filled CV he should enter valid entries. For that we provide checks in each field of CV .for example applicant name take string, we restrict it should take only string. [10]

Test

Case Id

Test Case

Description

Input Data Expect

ed

Result

Actual

Result

Pass/F

ail

Remarks

1 Check name

Faiza accept accept Pass Clear

because

we insert

string

value

2 Insert

alternate

case

sadaf12234 Not

allowed

NOT

ALLOW

ED

PASS Clear

because

it did not

take any

integer

value

3 Date of birth

should insert

in yy-dd-mm

format and

take numeric

+ special

character -

1986-13-07 accept Accept Pass Clear

input is

actual

form of

date

4 Alternate

case

13-17-19 Not

accept

Not

accept

pass clear

5 NIC no check 422-444-44 Accept Accept Pass Clear



assign

integer or

special

character `–

6 Address can

enter alpha

numeric

value and

special

character

B-213 block

10/a gulshan-

e-iqbal

Accept Accept Pass Clear

7 Telephone no

should be an

integer value

4029388 Accept Accept Pass Clear

8 Mobile no

integer +

special

character -

0334-3973796 Accept accept Pass Clear

9 e-mail

address

string, integer

and special

character

and follow

following

pattern

aaa-

[email protected]

om

Mariam_fidous

@hotmail.com

Accept Accept Pass Clear



10 Alternate

case of e-mail

Miss_mahi%.c

om

Not

accept

Not

accept

Pass Clear

11 Marital status

should click

in 1 box

o Single Accept Accept Pass Clear

12 Gender

should click

in one box

o female Accept Accept Pass clear

13 Alternate

case

o Female

o male

Not

accept

Not

Accept

Pass Clear

14 Age should

enter in

integer

21 Accept Accept Pass clear

15 Blood group

only accpt

character and

+,_

O+ Accept Accept Pass clear

16 Alternate

case

A8 Not

accept

Not

accept

Pass clear

8.2.4 High-order testing

Over all system testing strategy and procedure is described

8.2.4.1 Security testing

No one can access the data base. We provide ID and Password for

Administrator only he can login and perform any action over database.

We assign checks on login windows.[11]

Table 8.7



Figure 8.1

8.2.4.2 Stress testing

In our system it is applicable at administrator panel when he access the database via NL, Check the length of query how many words it take at a time. Our system approximately support 50 words at a time.

Figure 8.2

8.2.4.4 Performance testing

In this strategy we monitor either system specification meets to actual requirement. Check overall system performance.

TEST

CASE ID

TEST CASE

DESCRIPTION

INPUT

DATA

EXPECTED

RESULT

ACTUAL

RESULT

PASS/

FAIL

1 Check either it

retrieves a

single column

Show first

name of

employee

Show list of

employees

first name

Show list of

employees

firstname

Pass



2 Check the

conditional

quries.here it

only shows the

cv whose

degree greater

then Bs

View me

the cv of

applicant

whose

degree is

greater

then BS

Show the cv

of those

candidates

whose

qualification

is greater

then BS

Show the cv of

those

candidates

whose

qualification is

greater then BS

pass

3 Aggregate

quries

Show me

the

average

salary of

employee

Calculate

average

salary and

Generat

report

Calculate

average salary

and Generat

report

pass

4 Simple select

query

Run select

query and

display the

record

I want to

display

the

records of

employee

s

Display the

records of all

employee in

tabular form

Display the

records of all

employee in

tabular form

Pass

5 Multi query run

at a time by

using

innerjoin.first

search and

display

Display

the salary

of

executive

manager

Only show

the salary of

manager

Only show the

salary of

manager

pass

6 Simple select

query display

all records from

List down

the cv‘s of

hired

Search the

cv‘s of hired

applicants

Search the cv‘s

of hired

applicants

pass



hired applicant

table

applicants

7 Update only

salary

Update

the salary

of

manager

Updation

perform only

in one field

Updation

perform only in

one field

pass

8 Delete full

record

Delete the

record of

m.ali

Delete full

record of

m.ali

Delete full

record of m.ali

pass

9 Multi query first

search

candidates

whose degree

masters then

display

show me

the CV of

the

candidate

s which

contains

the

degree is

('Masters')

It search and

display the

cv‘s whose

degree is

masters

It search and

display the cv‘s

whose degree

is masters

pass

10 Multi level

query. by using

inner join first

search person

whose last

name is

qureshi and

then display

the salary of

that employee

show me

the

employee

s‘ salaries

alongwith

salary

where

lastname

is

('qureshi')

Display the

salary whose

name ends

with qureshi

Display the

salary whose

name ends with

qureshi

pass

Table 8.8



8.3 Testing resources and staffing

We did not use any testing soft ware, or any special tool for testing. We have decided to use simple method for the testing. Each programmer test the components or functions created by him separately and hand over to the lead tester. Lead tester test each component and make a note of the result in test result table. Once the product is completely developed we all member of the software projectteam test the software with combined effort.

8.4 Test metrics

Indicator Category Management Insight Indicators

Progress We complete our project with respect to the schedule. make the schedule and complete the task according to its worth.

5 main phases of BIRS as follows

1:study phase

2:Desining Phase

3:Implementation

4:Testing

5:Documentation

1::study phase

Actual:3months

Planned: 2 months

2:Desining Phase

Actual: 2months

Planned:2 months

3:Implementation

Actual:3 months

Planned:2 months

4:Testing

Actual:1month

Planned:15 days

5:Documentation

Actual:25days

Planned:15 month

Effort Efforts in P/M Actual: variation in every month according to the work load

Planned: 50 pm



Cost Project cost/ person Actual:15000

Planned :10000

Review results Either it match with required

Output

Actual:70 % achieve

Planned: 95% achievable

Requirement Stability According to proposal Actual: during implementation

we have facing lots of

problem. So requirements are

not stable till the end.

Planned: most probable stable

Size Stability According to the requirements

Actual: not stable because as

requirements change it also

affect the size.

Planned: 70% it may be stable

Computer Resource Utilization

RAM, hard disk, operating

system, processor speed

RAM, hard disk, operating

system, processor speed

8.5 Testing tools and environment

We did not use any testing tool. All necessary testing we perform manually or at the time of implementation.

Table 8.9



Future Enhancement and Recommendations

Despite what you may have thought, keyword search engines are not going extinct.

They will continue to serve a good share of the search market into the foreseeable

future. However, next-generation search engines will have keyword engines

coexisting with new technologies that are widely expected to be semantic search

technologies driven by natural language processing (NLP) or more broadly by

knowledge base (KB).

For the average reader, the workings of keyword search engines are fairly obvious.

NLP and KB engines are similar in that they both are semantic search techniques

and they understand the meaning of a search query. However, they differ in their

approaches. NLP engines use natural language processing to understand

meaning, while KB engines apply a broader suite of knowledge with NLP being a

potential part of it. It is most similar to how we as people understand the meaning of

a sentence. We use a variety of knowledge bases, some vertical or domain specific

and others general. We might use our knowledge of banking services, alternate

fuels, basic math, or conversion rules (like three feet is one yard), and so on.

Before we start analyzing each of the techniques let us understand what really

matters in the business of search. Three things that top the list are

(1) The quality or relevance of search results

(2) The learning ability of the search engine over time

(3) The scope or how broadly it can be applied across multiple domains.

Let‘s compare the keyword, NLP and KB search techniques across these key

metrics.

Keyword Search Engines

A basic keyword search produces numerous results that may not be very relevant

or meaningful. Keyword search engines use page popularity as a substitute for

meaning, which is critical in ranking search results.

As for applicability, a keyword search platform can be applied almost universally

whether it is as meaningful language content or programming code, or simply a

bunch of keywords.



With regard to learning, major search engines have over time come to use a variety

of sophisticated techniques like searching for word clusters, making spelling

suggestions, looking for phrases, and so on to produce very good search results

compared with a basic keyword search. Such enhancements can continue to

improve the quality of search results, but not significantly more so than the current

poor-quality results that are widely agreed to be under 5% relevant.

NLP Engines

NLP-based search engines can certainly improve the quality of search results by

using computational linguistics to understand the meaning of the search query and

match it to content. It is realistic to expect that the quality of results can go into the

20-25% range.

Although NLP search engines cannot be universally applied like keyword engines,

they can cover as much as 50-60% of current search content.

As for learning, NLP search engines will not offer any better search results over

time using the same linguistics processors. It‘s not like our knowledge of language

will be so much better next year and the year after.

Overall, given the leap in quality of results and the broad applicability across

language-based content, NLP engines have the capability to produce the next big

leap in general Internet search.

Knowledge Base Engines

KB engines can produce the highest-quality and most relevant results within well-

defined domains – reaching up to 80-90% in relevance by using a variety of vertical

and general knowledge bases, even including NLP.

KB engines will most closely emulate human capabilities and can continually

improve on search results as the knowledge base grows through community input.

KB engines are constrained by the lack of readily available general and vertical-

focused knowledge bases and the time it takes to develop them. Lastly, like NLP

engines, KB engines do not have any advantage over keyword engines when the

search content or user queries are just keywords or unconnected words.

The Future

Look for NLP engines to offer the next big leap in general Internet search given

their broad applicability and improved quality of results over keyword search

engines. Also, in the near future, KB search engines will offer the highest-quality



search results across verticals. With knowledge bases built and shared across

more verticals, KB search engines can become the best of the new generation of

search tools.

We can be certain that future search engines will be driven not just by keyword

search techniques but by a combination of keyword, NLP and KB search

techniques. KB engines will be used when knowledge bases are available. NLP

engines will kick in when content is language-based but no knowledge base is

available. Finally, keyword engines will be used for all other content and serve as

the search engines of last resort.



Conclusion / Summary

We concluded that by designing a software like BIRS we can provide open mindedness to

the end user to do any thing by using natural language we also focused business domain

where the high level management needs to manage their data base so provide a syntax free

environment to enquire and manage the database more over we also facilitated the applicant

to fill resume in the simplest way.

We observed during the designing of BIRS that it is difficult to capture the whole language

since NL is itself very ambiguous and versatile so a point came where we need to limit the

free form text in order to get more efficient result. More ever there must take about the

semantics and syntax of language because it is the most important feature to describe any

language and we faced difficulty to extract the actual user requirement.



A.APPENDICES

I. Project Schedule







Work Load Distribution:

We are four member .We have done our project report in the following.

Sadaf Nasim: she has done chapter 1, 3, 6,9,10 and starting pages

Mariam Firdous: chapter 4, formatting, indexing, ERD

Faiza Urooj: chapter 7, 8 and Gantt chart

Mahvash Iftikhar Qurashi: chapter 2, 3, and 5, taken the snap shots of the system

and class flow diagram

II. Snap shot of the deployed system







2.



start

User login

verifying

Text input

Keyword

extraction

SQL generation

correct

YES

SQL

execution

YES

output

NO

NO



start

Personal

informatio

Educational

details

Work

experience

reference

submit

HR

database

HR

database

HR

database

HR

database



B. References

[1] www.devarticles.com/c/a/PHP/Object-Oriented-Programming-in-PHP/4/

[2] http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212681,00.html

[3] MySQL 5_1 Reference Manual 1_3_1 what is MySQL.mht

[4] http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/.

[5] SQL tutorial by Akeel I din

[6] High Precision Information Retrieval with Natural Language Processing

Techniques

[7] http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/mega/cefinal.cfm

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_plan

[9] http://www.softstarsystems.com/cocomo2.htm

[10] http://www.softstarsystems.com/overview.htm

[11] http://hissa.nist.gov/HHRFdata/Artifacts/ITLdoc/235/chapter7.htm(int) [12]http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci12434

30, 00.html

[13] http://infolab.stanford.edu/~burback/watersluice/node22.html

[14] http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/unittests.html

[15] http://diveintopython.org/unit_testing/index.html

[16] http://www.waldentesting.com/backup/services/validation.htm

[17]http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/topics/0,295493,sid92_tax306128,00.html

[18] http://www.testingeducation.org/k04/TestMatricesExamples.html

[19] http://www.sqaforums.com/showthreaded.php?Number=302637

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/mega/cefinal.cfm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_plan

http://www.softstarsystems.com/cocomo2.htm

http://www.softstarsystems.com/overview.htm

http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/unittests.html



C. Glossary

Ambiguity

Statements or arguments used in a work that may have more than one meaning or

interpretation. Ambiguity refers to the ways words or phrases can connote a range

of meanings. Ambiguity points to the openness of language to different.

Artificial intelligence

applies to a computer system that is able to operate in a manner similar to that of

human intelligence; that is, it can understand natural language and is capable of

solving problems, learning, adapting, recognizing, classifying, self-improvement,

and reasoning.

Bug

A software bug is an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program that

prevents it from behaving as intended (e.g., producing an incorrect or unexpected

result).

Chunks

A part of something that has been separated; A representative of a substance at

large, often large and irregular; To break into large pieces.

Cocomo ii

The COCOMO cost estimation model .COCOMO is an open model, COCOMO is

well defined, and because it doesn't rely upon proprietary estimation algorithms,

COCOMO estimates are more objective and repeatable . COCOMO can be

calibrated to reflect your software development environment, and to produce more

accurate estimates.

Configuration

an arrangement of parts or elements. To set up or arrange something in such a

way that it is ready for operation for a particular purpose.

Costar:

It‘s software that we used for cost, and effort estimation.

Data Base



A database is a structured collection of records or data. A large amount of data

stored in a well organized manner.

Data types

In programming languages a data type is an attribute of a datum which tells the

computer (and the programmer) something about the kind of datum it.

Data base management system

A database management system is a program that allows access to the

information. DBMS is computer software designed for the purpose of managing

databases based on a variety of data models.

Domain

A domain is a set of allowable values for one or more attribute.

Event

Something that happens at a given place and time.

Frame work

A framework is a basic conceptual structure used to solve or address complex

issues. This very broad definition has allowed the term to be used as a buzzword,

especially in a software context. A software framework is "the skeleton of an

application that can be customized by an application developer‖.

Free form input

There is no focal point of the arrangement.

Hardware

Hardware is the physical, tangible components of a computer or other electronic

device. The term hardware traditionally refers to the physical components of any

technology.

Human resources



The personnel department of an organization, dealing with the recruitment,

administration, management and training of employees.

Integrity

An undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting .state in

which information has remained unaltered from the point it was produced by a

source, during transmission, storage, and eventual receipt by the destination.

Integrity is a security service that ensures that modifications to data are detectable.

Interface.

An interface defines the communication boundary between two entities, such as a

piece of software, a hardware device, or a user. The point of interconnection

between two systems or subsystems.

Key word

Keyword is a word which occurs in a text more often than we would expect to occur

by chance alone. A significant word or phrase in the title, subject headings,

contents notes, abstract, or text of a record in an online catalog or database which

can be used as a search term in a free-text search to retrieve all the records

containing it. Keywords are searched in any order.

Knowledge base

The facts, relationships, and procedures that constitute the knowledge about a

given domain or task; the database of an expert (or knowledge based) system.

Model

A physical model is a smaller or larger physical copy of an object. A representation

of a set of components of a process, system, or subject area, generally developed

for understanding, analysis, improvement, and/or replacement of the process.

Object oriented

In programming, a combination of code, which is a sequence of instructions

referred to as functions, along with data units, referred to as structures. A design

methodology decomposing problems into objects rather than procedures.

Open source



Computer software for which the source code is freely available. Source code of a

computer program that is disclosed to the public. Software registered as open

source can be accessed, modified and adapted to new.

Part-of-Speech

One of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a

grammatical context

Personnel

Persons collectively in the employ of a business.

Performance testing

In the computer industry, software performance testing is used to determine the

speed or effectiveness of a computer, network, software program or device.

Platform

A platform describes some sort of hardware architecture or software framework.

Procedure

A procedure is a specified series of actions, acts or operations which have to be

executed in the same manner in order to always obtain the same result under the

same circumstances.

Query A search request submitted to a database or search engine. Used to find specific

content and files. a stored question about information in a database; when you

create a query, you ask a computer to quickly find information that answers a

question that you specify.

Resume

A curriculum vitae; an account of one‘s employment history and qualifications (often

for presentation to a potential future employer when applying for a job.).

Scripting language



A scripting language differentiates itself from other typical languages in that they

are usually simpler to learn and use as well as not needing to be compiled. The

language is interpreted at run-time so you can execuate instructions immediately.

Search engines

web sites which allow users to query a database of other sites, eg Google, Yahoo,

MSN Search.

Semantics

A relationship between words, phrases or any other allowable constraint and their

actual meaning.

Server

A computer or application, that provides a service to client software on other

computers. Servers are used for web hosting and other web applications.

Software

Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate

computers and related devices.

Software testing

Testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or

system and determining that it meets its required results.

SQLyog.

its an software for designing sql data base.

Stress testing

Process to determine that an IS (Information System) protects data and maintains

functionality as intended. The six basic security concepts that need to be covered

by security testing are: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization,

availability and non-repudiation.

State

The way something is with respect to its main attributes.

Syntax



The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences, a systematic orderly arrangement, studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences

Systematic

A set of orderly, structurally inter-related steps based on a network of concepts,

principles and rules.

Technique

Technique is a procedure used to accomplish a specific activity or task.

XAMPP server

XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server package, consisting

mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts

written in the PHP and Perl programming languages.