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As the famous saying by Buddha goes “To keep the body in good health is a duty...
otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear”. The human body
has been a constant object of study, for it is not only vital but self-revealing. The
wonders of the Human body will systematically initiate a way to understand the
wonders involved in the complexity of Life. If we simply listened to the heart beat
with a stethoscope, we might think that it was an automatic machine. But when we
tune in to the activities of the brain, we would know that the human body is more than
a machine. As we learn how all the systems work together, we became amazed at the
marvels of the human body. In reality, it is however an incredibly designed machine of
perfectly created parts which work together as a single entity. Body parts ranging
from the largest bones and organs to the smallest molecules and cells are put together
with a precision no engineer could design.
Our body is able to do a remarkable array of things in a non-stop fashion without our
attention. Often we wonder that the same body that can use a hammer to drive a nail
can hold a feather without crushing it. The same eyes can take in the expanse of the
Indian Ocean yet detect faint light from stars many light years away. Our lungs enable
us to talk and sing without forgetting to take in oxygen and release carbon-di-oxide.
Our digestive system breaks down food into easily absorbable molecules for energy.
Our heart pumps blood through miles of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients
throughout the body. Directed by the Brain all the external activities are controlled.
E.g. walking, running, playing and reading etc.. However, the same brain also controls
many activities internally that we are not aware of. This makes the objective of
studying the human body an exciting adventure. Even though more is being
discovered every year, there are still many unanswered questions.
The health and well-being of each of us depends on how well we understand our own
body. The amazing list of unseen and unceasing processes that must go on
simultaneously for our body to work properly goes on and on.
Human Body is quite a unique remarkable design which incorporates a multitude of
different cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. The most amazing part of the
Human body is the ability to adapt and maintain a balance even though there are
manifold important bio-chemical as well as physiological processes that take place
within itself. We will go through a brief account on the various anatomical and
physiological mechanisms that make a Human body the greatest among all wonders.
Wonders of a Human Body
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Timeline in the History of Anatomy and Physiology
1. The study of anatomy begins at least as early as 1600 BC, the date of the Edwin Smith
Surgical Papyrus. This treatise shows that the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys,
hypothalamus, uterus and bladder were recognized, and that the blood vessels were
known to emanate from the heart. Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some
mucus, and two to the right ear are said to carry the "breath of life", while two to the left
ear the "breath of death".
2. The early scientist Alcmaeon began to construct a background for medical and anatomical
science with the dissection of animals. He identified the optic nerves and the tubes later
termed the Eustachius.
3. One important figure during this time was Empedocles (480 BC) who viewed the blood as
the innate heat which he acquired from previous folklore. He also argued that the heart
was the chief organ of both the vascular system and the pneuma (this could refer to either
breath or soul; it was considered to be distributed by the blood vessels).
4. Herophilus (335 BC) known as “The Father of Anatomy” was one of the first few people to
dissect a human body
5. Hippocrates (460 BC) is known as “The Father of Medicine”. The texts show an
understanding of musculoskeletal structure, and the beginnings of understanding of the
function of certain organs, such as the kidneys. The tricuspid valve of the heart and its
function is documented in the treatise On the Heart.
6. Galen served as chief physician to the gladiators in Pergamum (AD 158). he inquiry into the
function of organs by performing vivisection on animals.
7. Leornado Da Vinci (1452-1519) Was the originator of the cross sectional anatomy. The most
admired work achieved by him (in anatomy) was the collection of drawings that he had
created. He made a total of 500 diagrams.
8. Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.
9. William Harvey (1578 –1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions
in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely and
in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and
body by the heart.
10. Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781 – 1833) was a Professor of pathology, anatomy, and surgery
at a University. He studied birth defects and abnormalities that occur in embryonic
development. Believed that abnormal development adhered to same natural laws that
normal development did, two eponymous structures of the anatomy are named after him.
11. Henry Gray (1827 – 1861) was an English anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing
the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the
age of 25.
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https://www.christianbook.com/introduction-anatomy-physiology-
musculoskeletal-volume-1/tommy-mitchell/9780890518656/pd/518656
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ANIMAL CELL
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CELL ORGANELLS
Mitochondria
http://www.thealevelbiologist.co.uk/_/rsrc/1327625167881/topics/aqa-as-topics/cells/22489-004-EE9DC4F5.gif
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg
Golgi Apparatus
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Centrioles
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https://www.anatomystuff.co.uk/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/i/m/img_i
mg_9781587791260_eye_anatomy_chart.jpg
http://www.earadicator.com/uploads/2/6/0/2/26028851/1144612.jpg?868
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http://www.strokeeducation.info/images/cranial%20nerves%20chart.jpg
http://northeastspineandsports.com/wp-content/uploads/cranial-nerves-NESS.gif
CRANIAL NERVES AND ITS FUNCTION
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/2037_Embryonic_Development_of_Heart.jpg
http://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/resources/2328_Development_of_Lower_Respiratory_SystemN.jpg
FOETAL DEVELOPMENT OF HEART AND LUNGS
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/2916_Fetal_Circulatory_System-02.jpg/1200px-
2916_Fetal_Circulatory_System-02.jpg
https://humananatomywiki.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/diagram-of-foetal-circulation-fetal-circulation-diagram-
anatomy-body-charts.png
Foetal Circulatory system
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https://www.3bscientific.com/imagelibrary/VR1334L/VR1334L_01_The-human-heart-Chart-Anatomy-and-
Physiology.jpg
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https://anatomyclass123.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/anatomy-lungs-respiratory-system-17-best-images-about-
teaching-human-body-respiratory-system-on.jpg
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https://anatomyclass123.com/main-organs-in-the-urinary-system/main-organs-in-the-urinary-system-urinary-system-
ch17-biology-109-with-foley-at-washtenaw/
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https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfAnatomyAndPhysiology12thEdG.TortoraB_201404
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17174.nexcesscdn.net/media/catalog/product/cache/9/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/9/7/9781587790775.
JPG
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=2
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poster.jpg
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http://level1diagnostics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Heart-Rate-Variability.bmp
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https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfAnatomyAndPhysiology12thEdG.TortoraB_201404
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