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As the famous saying by Buddha goes “To keep the body in good health is a duty...

otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear”. The human body

has been a constant object of study, for it is not only vital but self-revealing. The

wonders of the Human body will systematically initiate a way to understand the

wonders involved in the complexity of Life. If we simply listened to the heart beat

with a stethoscope, we might think that it was an automatic machine. But when we

tune in to the activities of the brain, we would know that the human body is more than

a machine. As we learn how all the systems work together, we became amazed at the

marvels of the human body. In reality, it is however an incredibly designed machine of

perfectly created parts which work together as a single entity. Body parts ranging

from the largest bones and organs to the smallest molecules and cells are put together

with a precision no engineer could design.

Our body is able to do a remarkable array of things in a non-stop fashion without our

attention. Often we wonder that the same body that can use a hammer to drive a nail

can hold a feather without crushing it. The same eyes can take in the expanse of the

Indian Ocean yet detect faint light from stars many light years away. Our lungs enable

us to talk and sing without forgetting to take in oxygen and release carbon-di-oxide.

Our digestive system breaks down food into easily absorbable molecules for energy.

Our heart pumps blood through miles of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients

throughout the body. Directed by the Brain all the external activities are controlled.

E.g. walking, running, playing and reading etc.. However, the same brain also controls

many activities internally that we are not aware of. This makes the objective of

studying the human body an exciting adventure. Even though more is being

discovered every year, there are still many unanswered questions.

The health and well-being of each of us depends on how well we understand our own

body. The amazing list of unseen and unceasing processes that must go on

simultaneously for our body to work properly goes on and on.

Human Body is quite a unique remarkable design which incorporates a multitude of

different cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. The most amazing part of the

Human body is the ability to adapt and maintain a balance even though there are

manifold important bio-chemical as well as physiological processes that take place

within itself. We will go through a brief account on the various anatomical and

physiological mechanisms that make a Human body the greatest among all wonders.

Wonders of a Human Body

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Timeline in the History of Anatomy and Physiology

1. The study of anatomy begins at least as early as 1600 BC, the date of the Edwin Smith

Surgical Papyrus. This treatise shows that the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys,

hypothalamus, uterus and bladder were recognized, and that the blood vessels were

known to emanate from the heart. Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some

mucus, and two to the right ear are said to carry the "breath of life", while two to the left

ear the "breath of death".

2. The early scientist Alcmaeon began to construct a background for medical and anatomical

science with the dissection of animals. He identified the optic nerves and the tubes later

termed the Eustachius.

3. One important figure during this time was Empedocles (480 BC) who viewed the blood as

the innate heat which he acquired from previous folklore. He also argued that the heart

was the chief organ of both the vascular system and the pneuma (this could refer to either

breath or soul; it was considered to be distributed by the blood vessels).

4. Herophilus (335 BC) known as “The Father of Anatomy” was one of the first few people to

dissect a human body

5. Hippocrates (460 BC) is known as “The Father of Medicine”. The texts show an

understanding of musculoskeletal structure, and the beginnings of understanding of the

function of certain organs, such as the kidneys. The tricuspid valve of the heart and its

function is documented in the treatise On the Heart.

6. Galen served as chief physician to the gladiators in Pergamum (AD 158). he inquiry into the

function of organs by performing vivisection on animals.

7. Leornado Da Vinci (1452-1519) Was the originator of the cross sectional anatomy. The most

admired work achieved by him (in anatomy) was the collection of drawings that he had

created. He made a total of 500 diagrams.

8. Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.

9. William Harvey (1578 –1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions

in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely and

in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and

body by the heart.

10. Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781 – 1833) was a Professor of pathology, anatomy, and surgery

at a University. He studied birth defects and abnormalities that occur in embryonic

development. Believed that abnormal development adhered to same natural laws that

normal development did, two eponymous structures of the anatomy are named after him.

11. Henry Gray (1827 – 1861) was an English anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing

the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the

age of 25.

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https://www.christianbook.com/introduction-anatomy-physiology-

musculoskeletal-volume-1/tommy-mitchell/9780890518656/pd/518656

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ANIMAL CELL

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/669/flashcards/1487669/jpg/structure_animal_ce_c_la_7841336971888370.jpg

CELL ORGANELLS

Mitochondria

http://www.thealevelbiologist.co.uk/_/rsrc/1327625167881/topics/aqa-as-topics/cells/22489-004-EE9DC4F5.gif

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg

Golgi Apparatus

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Centrioles

http://dccdn.de/pictures.doccheck.com/images/dba/9ba/dba9bad785b9d20a3ae238395110a9e5/56103/m_1407850758.jpg

https://smediacacheak0.pinimg.com/564x/89/8f/d5/898fd51df000f6c333b634988b10dcb4.jpg

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https://www.anatomystuff.co.uk/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/i/m/img_i

mg_9781587791260_eye_anatomy_chart.jpg

http://www.earadicator.com/uploads/2/6/0/2/26028851/1144612.jpg?868

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http://www.strokeeducation.info/images/cranial%20nerves%20chart.jpg

http://northeastspineandsports.com/wp-content/uploads/cranial-nerves-NESS.gif

CRANIAL NERVES AND ITS FUNCTION

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/2037_Embryonic_Development_of_Heart.jpg

http://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/resources/2328_Development_of_Lower_Respiratory_SystemN.jpg

FOETAL DEVELOPMENT OF HEART AND LUNGS

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/2916_Fetal_Circulatory_System-02.jpg/1200px-

2916_Fetal_Circulatory_System-02.jpg

https://humananatomywiki.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/diagram-of-foetal-circulation-fetal-circulation-diagram-

anatomy-body-charts.png

Foetal Circulatory system

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https://www.3bscientific.com/imagelibrary/VR1334L/VR1334L_01_The-human-heart-Chart-Anatomy-and-

Physiology.jpg

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https://anatomyclass123.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/anatomy-lungs-respiratory-system-17-best-images-about-

teaching-human-body-respiratory-system-on.jpg

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https://www.anatomystuff.co.uk/media/catalog/product/i/m/img_img_9781587790065_digestive_system_1.jpg

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https://anatomyclass123.com/main-organs-in-the-urinary-system/main-organs-in-the-urinary-system-urinary-system-

ch17-biology-109-with-foley-at-washtenaw/

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https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfAnatomyAndPhysiology12thEdG.TortoraB_201404

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https://smhttp-aww-

17174.nexcesscdn.net/media/catalog/product/cache/9/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/9/7/9781587790775.

JPG

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=2

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https://www.anatomystuff.co.uk/media/catalog/product/i/m/img_img_9781587790355_muscular_system_chart_muscle_

poster.jpg

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http://image.tutorvista.com/content/feed/tvcs/human20anatomy20diagram202.jpg

http://level1diagnostics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Heart-Rate-Variability.bmp

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https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfAnatomyAndPhysiology12thEdG.TortoraB_201404

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