Several molecules have been looked at as possible vaccines
oFatty Acid Binding Proteins
oGST
oCapthepsin L
Measures should be taken to prevent infection by the flukes
•Control of aquatic plant industry
•Wash aquatic plants in vinegar
•Health Education •Clean water
Image References• Slides 2 and 3
▫ Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman)
▫ WHO: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/fascioliasis/en/index.html
▫ Water Secrets Blog: http://watersecretsblog.com/archives/children%20dirty%20water.jpg
▫ Parasites World: http://parasites-world.com/fasciola-hepatica-in-human-eye/
• Slide 4: http://iranhelminthparasites.com/species/fasciola.htm
• Slide 5: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN: www.fao.org/docrep/ 004/T0584E/T0584E05.gif
• Slide 6: CDC website: http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Fascioliasis.htm
• Slide 7: Water Aid.org: http://www.wateraid.org/images/cm_images/uk/what_we_do/the_need/problems_for_women/woman_drinking_dirty_water_UG_45151.jpg\
• Slide 8: Nassau Lake: http://nassaulake.org/Water%20Chestnut.jpg
• Slide 9: Hardwood Bamboo Flooring: http://www.hardwood-bamboo-flooring.com/wp-content/upload/Bamboo-300x273.jpg
• Slide 10:Essentially England: http://www.essentially-england.com/images/watercress_2.jpg
• Slide 11: FAO website http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4743E/y4743e07.jpg
• Slide 12: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman)
• Slide 13: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E06.htm
• Slide 14: http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/28/5/1307/F5.large.jpg
• Slide 15: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman
• Slide 16: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/liver-fluke-egg_52390_1.jpg
• Slide 17:
▫ Triclabenzadole: wiipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triclabendazole.png
▫ Vietnamese Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and entomology quynhon: http://www.impe-qn.org.vn/impe-qn/vn/portal/InfoDetail.jsp?area=58&cat=1174&ID=2809
• Slide 18: Tubulin: Brennan GP, Fairweather I, Trudgett A, Hoey E. 2007. Understanding triclabendazole resistance. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 82:104-9.
• Slide 19:
▫ Patients coming for treatment: http://www.impe-qn.org.vn/impe-qn/en/portal/InfoDetail.jsp?area=58&cat=1067&ID=511
▫ Cows: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/aph/stories/2010-fasciola-project.html
▫ Cow with flukes http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-the-day/fasciola-hepatica/index.html
• Slide 20: Vaccine: http://alignmap.com/wp-content/Graphics/vaccine.gif
• Slide 21: Market: examiner.com: http://www.examiner.com/x-7707-Infectious-Disease-Examiner~y2009m9d14-Liver-flukes-showing-its-presence-in-the-Vietnamese-highlands
Sources• Brennan GP, Fairweather I, Trudgett A, Hoey E., et al. 2007. Understanding
triclabendazole resistance. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 82:104-9.• Dalton JP, editor. 1999. Fasciolosis. New York: CABI Publishing. 544 p.• Hanna REB. 1980. Fasciola hepatica: Glycocalyx replacement in the juvenile as a
possible mechanism for protection against host immunity. Experimental Parasitology 50(1):103-14.
• UK’s Natural History Museum: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-the-day/fasciola-hepatica/index.html
• Turkington C, Ashby B. 1998. Encyclopedia of infectious disease. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 370 p.
• WHO website: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/fascioliasis/en/index.html