FascioliasisLeigh TyndallBIOL 402

Fascioliasis is caused by trematode worms

F. gigantica F. hepatica

The Fasciola Life Cycle

There are several ways to get infected…

There are several ways to get infected…

There are several ways to get infected…

There are several ways to get infected…

There are several ways to get infected…

Fasciola (along with most helminths) easily evade the physical barriers to infection

Fasciola have evolved several ways to avoid rest of the immune system as well.

In the first phase of fascioliasis, the worms migrate across the liver

The chronic phase affects liver function

Fascioliasis is usually diagnosed by finding eggs in the feces

Two doses of triclabendazole will treat both stages of fascioliasis

There is already resistance to triclabendazole, though…

Societal Effects

Several molecules have been looked at as possible vaccines

oFatty Acid Binding Proteins

oGST

oCapthepsin L

Measures should be taken to prevent infection by the flukes

•Control of aquatic plant industry

•Wash aquatic plants in vinegar

•Health Education •Clean water

Image References• Slides 2 and 3

▫ Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman)

▫ WHO: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/fascioliasis/en/index.html

▫ Water Secrets Blog: http://watersecretsblog.com/archives/children%20dirty%20water.jpg

▫ Parasites World: http://parasites-world.com/fasciola-hepatica-in-human-eye/

• Slide 4: http://iranhelminthparasites.com/species/fasciola.htm

• Slide 5: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN: www.fao.org/docrep/ 004/T0584E/T0584E05.gif

• Slide 6: CDC website: http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Fascioliasis.htm

• Slide 7: Water Aid.org: http://www.wateraid.org/images/cm_images/uk/what_we_do/the_need/problems_for_women/woman_drinking_dirty_water_UG_45151.jpg\

• Slide 8: Nassau Lake: http://nassaulake.org/Water%20Chestnut.jpg

• Slide 9: Hardwood Bamboo Flooring: http://www.hardwood-bamboo-flooring.com/wp-content/upload/Bamboo-300x273.jpg

• Slide 10:Essentially England: http://www.essentially-england.com/images/watercress_2.jpg

• Slide 11: FAO website http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4743E/y4743e07.jpg

• Slide 12: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman)

• Slide 13: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E06.htm

• Slide 14: http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/28/5/1307/F5.large.jpg

• Slide 15: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolosis (copyright: Flukeman-http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Flukeman

• Slide 16: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/liver-fluke-egg_52390_1.jpg

• Slide 17:

▫ Triclabenzadole: wiipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triclabendazole.png

▫ Vietnamese Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and entomology quynhon: http://www.impe-qn.org.vn/impe-qn/vn/portal/InfoDetail.jsp?area=58&cat=1174&ID=2809

• Slide 18: Tubulin: Brennan GP, Fairweather I, Trudgett A, Hoey E. 2007. Understanding triclabendazole resistance. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 82:104-9.

• Slide 19:

▫ Patients coming for treatment: http://www.impe-qn.org.vn/impe-qn/en/portal/InfoDetail.jsp?area=58&cat=1067&ID=511

▫ Cows: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/aph/stories/2010-fasciola-project.html

▫ Cow with flukes http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-the-day/fasciola-hepatica/index.html

• Slide 20: Vaccine: http://alignmap.com/wp-content/Graphics/vaccine.gif

• Slide 21: Market: examiner.com: http://www.examiner.com/x-7707-Infectious-Disease-Examiner~y2009m9d14-Liver-flukes-showing-its-presence-in-the-Vietnamese-highlands

Sources• Brennan GP, Fairweather I, Trudgett A, Hoey E., et al. 2007. Understanding

triclabendazole resistance. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 82:104-9.• Dalton JP, editor. 1999. Fasciolosis. New York: CABI Publishing. 544 p.• Hanna REB. 1980. Fasciola hepatica: Glycocalyx replacement in the juvenile as a

possible mechanism for protection against host immunity. Experimental Parasitology 50(1):103-14.

• UK’s Natural History Museum: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-the-day/fasciola-hepatica/index.html

• Turkington C, Ashby B. 1998. Encyclopedia of infectious disease. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 370 p.

• WHO website: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/fascioliasis/en/index.html