FALL SEMESTER FINAL EXAM REVIEWGeller’s Fantastic Freshmen

December 2013

Literary Terms 1. An imaginative attempt to explain the

universe, its creation and workings is known as a MYTH

2. A comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” is a SIMILE3. A figure of speech that compares two things without using “like” or “as” is a METAPHOR

4. A long, narrative poem about the journey of a hero is an EPIC

Literary Terms 5. The use of language that appeals to the five

senses is IMAGERY 6. The use of words that sound like the noises

they describe is ONOMATOPOEIA 7. A type of figurative language in which human

qualities are given to nonhuman things is PERSONIFICATION

8. The person who faces trials and enemies while struggling on an epic journey [the protagonist of an epic] is an EPIC HERO

9. The Greek words for excessive pride and arrogance [Odysseus’s tragic flaw] is HUBRIS

Applying Literary Terms Characteristics of an Epic:

Long narrative poem about the journey of a hero

Hero faces external conflict in the form of monsters, enemies, and other perils

Hero often has supernatural assistance/help from the gods

Hero has a flaw that often gets him into trouble

Consist of formulaic lines that are often repeated

Used to teach the values and virtues of a culture

Applying Literary Terms 11. “Cries burst from both, as keen and

fluttering/as those of a great taloned hawk…” (SIMILE)

12. “Dawn with her fingertips of rose…” (PERSONIFICATION)

13. “So with our brand we bored that great eye socket…” (IMAGERY)

14. A struggle within a character’s mind=INTERNAL CONFLICT

Applying Literary Terms 15. Thudding=ONOMATOPOEIA 16. REPETITION 17.Main character=PROTAGONIST 18. EXTERNAL CONFLICT (Poseidon is an

ANTAGONIST) 19. We know something a character

doesn’t=DRAMATIC IRONY 20. Repetition of consonant

sounds=ALLITERATION

Applying Literary Terms Big Idea=THEME

In the Odyssey, major themes include: Love Loyalty Honor Pride Revenge Coming of age (Telemachus)

Vocabulary Livid (adj): Very angry; discolored by

bruising, pale Apathy (n): Lack of feeling or emotion Empathy (n) Identification with and

understanding of another’s situation or feelings

Sympathy (n): Sorrow or the capacity to feel sorrow for another’s suffering or misfortune

Dregs (n): Matter that settles to the bottom of a body of liquid; the most undesirable part of something

More Vocabulary Aristocratic (adj): Having to do with the

upper class or nobility; having an air of superiority

Robust (adj): Strong and healthy Notorious (adj): Widely and unfavorably

known; having a bad reputation Riveted (adj/v): Fastened or fixed firmly;

to attract and hold (as the attention) completely

Idleness (n): The state of being inactive; doing nothing

Even MORE Vocabulary! Rogue (n): A dishonest or unprincipled

person Oracle (n): One who predicts the future Profusion (n): An abundance or large

quantity of something Din (n): A commotion; lots of loud noise Guile (n): Cleverness, craftiness Muster (v): To collect or assemble Dismember (v): To remove the limbs

(from a person or animal)

Still more vocabulary Discord (n): Lack of agreement Appalled (v): Greatly dismayed or

horrified Ponderous (adj): Heavy, burdensome

“When I Think About Myself”

“My life is one great big joke” (METAPHOR)

“I almost laugh myself to death” (HYPERBOLE)

“A dance that walked; a song that spoke” (PERSONIFICATION)

“O Captain! My Captain!” “For you the flag is

flung” (ALLITERATION)

“Fallen cold and dead” at the end of each stanza (REPETITION)

“Echo and Narcissus” This Greek myth tells the story of Echo, a

beautiful nymph who can only repeat what others say. She loves Narcissus, but Narcissus only loves himself.

Narcissus leans over the water, staring at his own reflection. He falls in and drowns. Echo dies of a broken heart

The flower that grew where he died is called the Narcissus.

The word “narcissistic” means self-absorbed.

“An Ancient Gesture” The speaker, like

Penelope in the Odyssey, is waiting for her husband to return

The “ancient gesture” is the wiping away of tears

Excerpt from The Jungle This brief excerpt describes shockingly

disgusting conditions in a meat packing plant “The moon is a white sliver” (METAPHOR) A good transition to use here would be “in

addition” or “furthermore” “As good as new” (SIMILE) Short works (songs, poems, short stories) get

“quotation marks” Long works (novels, plays, newspapers) get

underlined or italicized

Grammar and Conventions Commonly confused words:

There—in that place, also “there is/there are” Their—shows possession They’re—they are Too—also, excessively (too much, too many) To—preposition and used with verb to form

infinitive (I am going to the store; I love to dance)

Two—the number 2

Grammar and Conventions Combining sentences

Subordinating conjunction: I left. I was tiredI left because I was tired. Tessa could do just about any math problem. She

was given an exampleTessa could do just about any math problem when she was given an example

Comma and coordinating conjunction: I am tired. I am happyI am tired, but I am

happy. Semicolon:

I thought I saw Brittany. Wasn’t she here today?I thought I saw Brittany; wasn’t she here today?

Grammar and Conventions Fragments: No subject, no verb, or neither:

After the assembly. Because I love you. Running for his life. Elizabeth and her cousins.

Run-ons: Two independent clauses connected without a conjunction or semicolon: He is my dentist, he cleans my teeth. I

am not studying for this test it is ridiculous.

“A Country Cottage” “The moon peeped up from the drifting cloudlets

and frowned…” (PERSONIFICATION) “The still air was heavy with the fragrance of

lilac and wild cherry” (IMAGERY) “It all seems like a dream…” (SIMILE) Sasha is struggling with the idea that his family

and relations won’t fit comfortably in his cozy little cottage. (INTERNAL CONFLICT)

The moon was “glad she had no relations;” the sweetness of young love can turn bitter when relatives arrive!

Night Time period: WWII The memoir’s title is symbolic of the

despondency of the prisoners, the protagonist’s despair and hopelessness, a dark period in human history, and the human capacity for evil.

Moche the Beadle is the first to bring news of mass executions back to Sighet; he is able to escape the SS by playing dead

The Jews of Sighet were deported by cattle car in 1943; Elie was finally liberated from the concentration camp in 1945.

Excerpt from “I Am a Rock”

A winters dayIn a deep and dark December (ALLITERATION)I am alone, gazing from my window to the streets belowOn a freshly fallen silent shroud of snow I am a rock; I am an island (METAPHOR)

First person point of view

Toneattitude and emotions conveyed (sad, mournful, isolated)

Even MORE Vocabulary Ubiquitous: Everywhere; ever-present Memoir: First-person narrative nonfiction

(autobiography that focuses on a specific part of the author’s life)

Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews Obscurity: The condition of being

unknown; darkness; dimness Anecdote: A brief story Erratic: Not regular or consistent

The last of the vocabulary Expulsion: The process of driving or

forcing out Compensate: To make up for; repay for

services Eradicate: To eliminate, remove, or

destroy completely Fortify: To strengthen; build up