Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 1
Joint Research Centre (JRC)IES - Institute for Environment and SustainabilityIspra - Italy
http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/themes/biodiversity/
Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity
Ciro Gardi, Simon Jeffery, Arwyn Jones
Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 2
Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SOIL BIODIVERSITY ?
•
The range of organisms present in soil
•
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur
/ flora
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
Economical/utilitarian reasons
Ecological reasons
Ethical reasons
WHY WE NEED TO PROTECT SOIL BIODIVERSITY?
“.. Everyday we use living organisms, and without them we can’t live. And everyday we
take this great benefit for granted …..”
Francis of Assisi, 1225
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
WHAT IS THE REAL VALUE OF SOIL BIODIVERSITY
Nitrogen fixation: 70 billion Euro
Pollination: 150 billion Euro
Pimentel et al. 1997
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
EU ROLE IN SOIL BIODIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING AND PROTECTION
Two are the main policies instruments dealing with soil biodiversity in Europe:
• Soil Thematic Strategy
• Halting Biodiversity loss by 2010
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
EU ROLE IN SOIL BIODIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING AND PROTECTION
EU funded studies and research programs related to soil biodiversity:
•
Research Projects: (ENVASSO, CONSIDER, RUBICODE, SOILSERVICE, ECOFINDER, etc.)
•
Report: Soil biodiversity: function, threats and tools for policy makers
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
CBD AND SOIL BIODIVERSITY
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), entered in force on 29 December 1993, is an international treaty to sustain the diversity of life on Earth.
Soil biodiversity has been identified as an area requiring particular attention under the programme of work on agricultural biodiversity of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Soil Biodiversity, has been defined as the Root of Sustainable Agriculture.
In October 2007 JRC received an official mandate from CDB, to coordinate the activities on Soil Biodiversity
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
SOIL BIODIVERSITY WORKING GROUP
Antonio Bispo, Gabriele Broll, Lijbert Brussaard, Sally Bunning, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Frank Glante, Katarina
Hedlund, Gera Hol, Carlo Jacomini, Mulongoy (Jo) Kalemani, Paul Henning Krogh, Clemencia Licona Manzur, Cristina Menta, Silvia Pieper,
Guénola Pérès, Karl Ritz, Joerg Roembke, Michiel Rutgers, Olaf Schmidt, José Paulo Sousa, Roberto Cenci, Ciro Gardi, Simon Lee Jeffery,
Arwyn Jones, Luca Marmo, Luca Montanarella and Panos Panagos.
It was established in May 2008, with the main aims of:
•
produce an Atlas of Soil Biodiversity by 2010, in order to raise
awareness on this topic
• contribute to the accomplishment of CBD mandate
•
catalyze researches on soil biodiversity, filling the gaps in
knowledge outlined in the Soil Thematic Strategy
Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 9
Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
THE ATLAS AS A CONTRIBUTE TO 2010, THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF BIODIVERSITY
Editorial Board:Simon Jeffery, Ciro Gardi, Arwyn Jones, Luca Montanarella, Luca Marmo, Ladislav Miko, , Karl Ritz, Jörg Römbke and Wim H. van der Putten.
Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 10
Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
ATLAS ???
Definition of the word “Atlas”
(dictionary.com)
1.
a bound collection of maps. 2. a bound volume of charts, plates, or tables
illustrating any subject.
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
AIMS OF THE ATLAS
•
High quality and comprehensive reference work on soil
biodiversity
•
Written for general public, policy makers, teachers,
students, but also soil and environmental scientists
•
Rigorous, but clear and simple science
•
Informative, easy to read, stimulating
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
STRUCTURE OF THE ATLAS
The Atlas consists of two main sections
•The first part is devoted to the description of relationships between soil and its inhabitants•The second part, taxonomic, presents facts and features of main taxa
of soil organisms
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
SOME NUMBERS...
The European Atlas ofSoil
Biodiversty
has been realized thanks to the efforts of:
•
10 Editors
•
61 Authors, belonging to 38 different institutions including governmental, academia and industry, from 14 different countries + 4 multi-national organisations
(CBD, European
Commission, EFSA and FAO)
•
163 authors of photographs and images
•
128 pages and 444 images
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
APPEALING LAYOUT
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
INTERESTING FACTS
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
UNIQUE COLLECTION OF IMAGES
More than 440 unique images:
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
SOIL ENVIRONMENT
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOMES
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
SOIL FUNCTIONS
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
PRESSURES ON SOIL BIODIVERSITY
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ORGANISMS
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
SOIL ECOLOGY
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
ENCYCLOPEDIA
•
Prokaryotes
•
Cyanobacteria and Algae
•
Fungi
•
Mycetozoans (Slime Moulds)
•
Protozoa
•
Tardigrades
•
Rotifers
•
Nematodes
•
Collembola
•
Acari
•
Enchytraeids
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Other Soil Mesofauna
•
Earthworms
•
Myriapods
•
Ants
•
Termites
•
Terrestrial Isopods
•
Carabid Beetles
•
Other Soil Macrofauna
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Simon Jeffery, Ciro
Gardi, Arwyn
Jones, Luca Montanarella, Luca Marmo, Ladislav Miko, Karl Ritz, Guénola
Pérès, Jörg Römbke
and Wim H. van der Putten. Rebekka Artz, Dimos
Anastasiou, Dominique Arrouays, Ana Catarina Bastos, Anna Bendetti, Antonio Bispo, Pietro Brandmayr, Gabriele Broll, Sally Bunning, Cristina Castracani, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Rachel Creamer, Iason
Diafas, Tracy Durrant, Wilhelm Foissner, Gisela B. Fritz, Ciro
Gardi, Barbara Gemmill-Herren, Ulfert
Graefe, Donato Grasso, Gera Hol, Marianne Hoogmoed, Bernard Jabiol, Simon Jeffery, Juan J. Jimenez,
Katarina Hedlund, Paul Henning Krogh, Philippe Lemanceau, Clemencia
Licona-Manzur, Jörg Luster, Lara Maistrello, Luca Marmo, Cristina Menta, Ladislav Miko, Kalemani
Jo Mulongoy, Roy Neilson, Uffe
Nileson,Claudia Olazabal, Marcello Pagliai, Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska, Guénola
Peres, Jean-François Ponge, Wim van der Putten, Karl Ritz, Lionel Ranjard, Roberta Roberti, Jörg Römbke, Michiel
Rutgers, Giacomo Sartori, Ralph O. Schill, Jose Paulo Sousa, Steven Stephenson, Stefano Taiti, Andy Taylor, Frank Verheijen, Diana Wall, Konrad Wolowski, Augusto Zanella.
Ljibert
Brussard, Carlo Jacomini, Olaf Schmidt and Siliva
Pieper, Vit Penziek, Nicholas Frost, Linda and Malcolm Jeffery, Katarzyna
Turnau, Franz Horak, Monika Walter Mare Maxwell, Ian Dewsbery
and Jon Gammage, Grainne
Mulhern.
(AF) A. Ferreira; (AJ) A. Jones; (AM) A. MacNealie; (AMo) A. Mori; (AP) A. Pekkarinen; (APi) A. Pisa; (AR) A. Rockefeller; (ASM) A. San Miguel; (AT) A. Taylor; (BF) B. Foerster; (BH) B. Haynold; (BJA) B. J. Adams; (BPS) B. P. Skowrońska; (BS) B. Saignant; (CC) C. Castracani; (CF) C. Farmer; (CFi) C. Fischer; (CG) C. Gardi; (CM) C. Menta; (CN) C. Nagy; (CT) C. Tarnocai; (D) Darkone; (DC) D. Cluzeau; (DDE) D. D’Eustacchio; (DF) D. Fontaneto; (DG) D. Grasso; (DM) D. Maddison; (DMa) D. Martins; (Du) Duncharris; (DW) D. Walter; (DZ)
D. Zanocco; (EAF) E. A. Fitzpatrick; (EC) E. Chiappini; (ED) E. Dobos; (EG) E. Guinther; (EH) E. Halberg; (EHd) E. Hoffland; (EHo) E. Hoekstra; (EM) E. Mader; (EMi) E. Micheli; (FAO) Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations; (FT) F. Trnka; (FV) F. Verheijen; (GB) G. Badon; (GBa) G. Barron; (GC) G. Colm; (GCo) G. Colombetta; (GCz) G. Cziszmarová; (GP) Guénola
Pérès; (GS) G. Sbrenna; (GSa) G. Sartori; (GSt) G. Stephenson; (HCF) H. C. Fründ; (HH) H. Hoefer; (HHo) H. Hoitink; (HS) H. Segers; (HvM) H. van Megen; (HvW) H. van Wijnen; (IHT) I. H.Tuf; (JAG) J. A. Gaspar; (JB) J. Bihn; (JC) J. Cane; (JF) J. Frouz; (JFP) J.F. Ponge; (JK) J. Keizer; (JL) J. Lindsey; (JO) J. Oliveira; (JM) J.
Mourek; (JMa) J. Malik; (JMo) J. Mourek; (JPS) J. P. Sousa; (JR) J. Römbke; (JRC) Joint Research
Centre; (JRu) J. Rusek; (JS) J. Schoner; (JSh) J. Shadwick; (JSi) J. Stanković; (JS) J. Spooner; (JST) J. Stewart; (K) Kozuch
-
Wikipedia; (KF) K. Fleming; (KG) K. Geyer; (KH) K. Hedlund; (KK) K. Kolo; (KKu) K. Kulac; (KR) K. Ritz; (KRB) K. R. Butt; (KT) K. Turnau; (KW) K. Wolowski; (LB) L. Barrico; (LD) L. Deacon; (LDe) L. Dekker; (LH) L. Horst; (LJ) L. Jeffery; (LJU) L. Juřičková; (LK) L. Kováč; (LM) L. Miko; (LMa) L. Maistrello; (LP) L.
Pizzocaro; (LS) L. Seebach; (LvS) L. van Schöll; (LW) L. Woodmore; (MA) Monica Amorim; (MB) M. Bartlett; (MBe) M. Beijaert; (MBo) M. Bouché; (MC) M. Calderon; (MH) M. Horsák; (MJ) M. Jeffery; (MM) M. Malvar; (MMK) M. M.
Karim; (MMu) M. Mundo; (MP) M. Pagliai; (MPa) M. Pawinski; (MR) M. Rutgers; (MRV) M. R. Villareal; (MT) M. Turetsky; (MVBG) M. V. B. Garcia; (N) Neier; (NA) N. Allin; (NASA) National Aeronautics
and Space
Administration; (OC) OpenCage; (OE) O. Ehrmann; (PB) P. Brandmayr; (PC) P. Cenini; (PDI) Public Domain Image; (PH) P. Halasz; (PHK) P. Henning Krog; (PS) P. Strobl; (PV) P. Vilgus; (PW) P. Williams; (RA) R. Artz; (RC) R. Creamer; (RD) R. Darrah; (RH) R. Hiederer; (RI) R. Innocenti; (RK) R. Klementschitz; (RMS) R. M. Schmelz; (RN) R. Neilson; (RR) R. Roberti; (RW) R. Wheatley; (SB) S. Bambi; (SBl) S. Blackall; (SE) S. Edwards; (SH) S. Hopkin;
(SHa) S. Hallett; (SJ) S. Jeffery; (SP) S. Pierbattista; (SPo) S. Polak; (ST) S. Taiti; (SW) S. Willems; (TB) T. Blevins; (TDH) T. Durrant
Houston; (TE) T. Engelkes; (TL) T. Luz; (TM) T. Moser; (UNN) U. N. Nielsen; (USDA) United States Department
of Agriculture; (UT) U. Tartes; (VRL) V. R. Lewis; (WF) W. Foissner; (WH) W. Hanagarth
and (WT) W. Towers.
Antonio Bispo, Gabriele Broll, Lijbert
Brussaard, Sally Bunning, Colin Campbell, Daniel Cluzeau, David Coates, Frank Glante, Katarina Hedlund, Gera Hol, Carlo Jacomini, Mulongoy
(Jo) Kalemani, Paul Henning Krogh, Clemencia
Licona
Manzur, Cristina Menta, Silvia Pieper, Guénola
Pérès, Karl Ritz, Joerg Roembke, Michiel
Rutgers, Olaf Schmidt, José
Paulo Sousa, Roberto Cenci, Ciro
Gardi, Simon Lee Jeffery, Arwyn
Jones, Luca Marmo, Luca Montanaella
and Panos Panagos.
Authors
Graphic designer
Image providers Editorial board
SupportersS.B. Working Group
Brussels, 23 - 24th September 2010 25
Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
CONCLUSIONS # 1
Described soilbiota species
Estimated soilbiota species
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
CONCLUSIONS # 2
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
CONCLUSIONS # 3
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Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?
THANK YOU
THANK YOU