Environmental Management
in Singapore
General Information on Singapore
Land-one main island and 63 smaller islands-Main island is about 42 km f rom east to west and 32 km f rom North to South and has a coastline of 150 km-Total land surface area is 683 km2
Climate- Tropical-23oC - 33oC-Annual rainfall of 2,345 mm -Average daily relative humidity of 84%
Population- Resident - 3.2 million- 76.8% Chinese, 13.9% Malay, 7.9% I ndian and 1.4% Other races
Introduction
SingaporeSingapore facesfaces the following the following constraintsconstraints::
• SSmall mall land arealand area
• Densely-populated Densely-populated
• NoNo natural natural resourcesresources
• No energy sourcesNo energy sources
• Little water resourcesLittle water resources
Broad Strategy
Need to strike a balance between• Promote economic and industrial
growth• Protection of the environment
Anti-Pollution Unit – 1970Ministry of the Environment – 1972Programmes implemented to protect the
environment
Key Elements of Strategy
• Long term planning
• Preventive control of environmental threats
• Monitoring of environmental quality
• Effective legislation & enforcement
• Provision of environmental infrastructure
• Use of environmental technology
Land Use PlanningUrban Redevelopment Authority
• National Authority for land use planning
• Prepares Concept Plan and Development Guide Plans (DGPs)
• Land is zoned for specific uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc
• Environmental controls are factored in Concept Plan and DGPs Protection of water catchment
Provision of environmental infrastructure
Compatibility of land use
Preventive Controls
• Judicious siting of industries
• Development and building plan control
• Inspection of completed premises
Siting of Industries
• Site industrial estates for clean and light industries close to residential areas
• Site general and special industries farther away from residential areas in Jurong and Tuas Industrial estates, and on Jurong Island
Siting of Industries
Evaluates pollution impact of new industries
• do not pose unmanageable health and safety
hazards and pollution
• adopt clean technology to minimise the use of
hazardous chemicals and the generation of wastes
• can comply with prescribed standards for the
emission/discharge of pollutants
• wastes can be properly handled and disposed of
• compatible with surrounding land use
Building Plan Control
• Check building plans of new developments
• Check pollution control facilities of
industrial developments
• Check completed developments for
compliance with pollution control
requirements before occupation and use of
developments
Environmental Monitoring• Monitor ambient air quality and quality of
inland and coastal waters
• Detect trends so that control programmes can be formulated to prevent a problem from arising
• Assess adequacy and effectiveness of control programmes
• Keep abreast with monitoring technology
Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring & Management System
• Air monitoring stations are equipped with continuous automatic analysers for sulphur dioxide ozone carbon monoxide oxides of nitrogen particulate matter
INDUSTRIAL
ROADSIDE
URBAN
MODEM
CENTRAL CONTROL STATION
Telemetric AirQuality Monitoring
& ManagementSystem
SUB-URBAN
Remote Station
LEGEND
Central ControlStation at
Environment Bldg
State of Johor
State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor
4
67
9
11
10
12
8
5
3
2
1
17
15
LOCATION OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
16
ROADSIDE STATIONS
15 Southern EHDO16 National Museum17 Ngee Ann Polytechnic
SURVEY STATION
18 Jurong Island
AMBIENT STATIONS
Urban
1 Tanjong Katong Girls Sch2 Bishan ITE3 Environment Bldg4 Temasek Polytechnic5 Woodlands Sec Sch6 Woodbridge Hospital7 Stagmont Camp
Industrial
8 Singapore Science Centre9 Hong Kah Pri Sch10 Nanyang Technological
UniversitySuburban
11 Siglap Sec Sch12 Yishun ITE13 Kranji Reservoir14 Changi Airport
13
14
18
Ambient Air QualityMonitoring Station
PSI (1991 - 2002)
75
25
77
23
68
32
4946
5
61
39
64
36
4948
3
70
30
65
35
70
30
83
17
0
82
18
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
% o
f d
ays
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Year
Good Moderate Unhealthy
Water Quality Monitoring
• Water in reservoirs remains suitable for Water in reservoirs remains suitable for
treatment for potable usetreatment for potable use
• Inland water supports aquatic lifeInland water supports aquatic life
• Coastal waters remain suitable for Coastal waters remain suitable for
recreationrecreational useal use
Water Quality MonitoringProgrammes
•Inland water
–Catchment
–Non-catchment
–Reservoir
•Coastal water
State of Johor
State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor
Yan Kit Pond
Pulau TekongStream
Sg Puak Besar
Sg SeletarSimpang KiriSg Seletar
Simpang Kanan 2
Sg SeletarSimpang Kanan
Sg Seletar
Sg Chik Abu
Sg SimpangKiri
YishunPond
YishunPond
Sg SembawangKechil
Sg Sembawang
MandaiKechil Pond
Mandai
Pang SiangPond
Sg Bukit Mandai
Sg Pang Sua (W)
Sg Kadut
Sg Peng SiangCentre
Sg Peng SiangRight 1
Sg Peng SiangRight 2
Sg Tengah
Sg Neo
Sg Hantu
Sg Kangkar
Sg SimpangMak Wai (S)
Sg SimpangMak Wai (S)
Sg Berih
Sg Tho Pek Kong
Sg Chua Chu KangSg Poyan
Sg Bajua
Sg Tengeh (N)
Sg Tengeh (S)
Sg Jurong 1 Sg Jurong 2
Sg Pandan
Sg Bukit Timah
MacRitchie Stream Tampines Ponds
Bedok Ponds
S ta te o f Joh or
S ta te o f Joh orS ta te o f Joh or S ta te o f Joh or
Lo we rSe le ta r
Lo we rPe irc e
Up p e rPe irc e
Up p e rSe le ta r
Kra n jiSa rim b un
M ura i
Po ya n
Te ng e h J u ro n gLa ke
Pa nd a n
M a c Ritc hie Be d o k
Pu la u Te lo ng
State of Johor
State of JohorState of Johor State of Johor
Sg Bedok
Sg Siglap
GeylangRiver
Pelton Canal
Kallang River
Sg Whampoa
Bukit Timah Canal
Singapore River
Stamford Canal
Sg JurongSg Jurong (R)
Jurong AreaCanal
Sg Melayu
Sg Buloh
Sg Kranji
Sg SimpangKanan
Sg Punggol
Sg Serangoon
Legislation & Policies
• Set up effective legislation to control pollution
• Carry out regular review of policies and standards with extensive consultations with the public and industries
Enforcement
• Ensure air pollutant emission standards and trade effluent standards comply with legal standards
• Control the proper management and disposal of hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes
• Conduct regular checks on industries
• Take legal action against recalcitrant polluters
Environmental Infrastructure
• Comprehensive sewerage system
• Efficient solid waste system
Sewerage System• Separate sewerage system for both domestic
and industrial wastewater and open drainage for rain water
• 6 water reclamation plants• 2,800 km sewers• >100 pumping stations• 97% population served and remaining 3% by
on-site sewage treatment plants• Industrial wastewater pretreated to prescribed
standards prior to discharging into the sewerage system
PRETREATMENT PLANT
PUMPING STATION
MANHOLEEFFLUENT OUTFALL
SEWER
WATER RECLAMATION PLANT
HOUSEHOLDS
COMMERCIAL
PREMISESINDUSTRIES
Sewerage System
SEA
Solid Waste Management
• Daily refuse collection service
• Toxic industrial wastes segregated at source
and collected by licensed toxic industrial waste
collectors for treatment and disposal
• 90% of wastes generated is incinerated at 4
incineration plants
• Ash from the refuse incineration plants and
10% of wastes generated are disposed of at the
off-shore Semakau sanitary landfill
SemakauSemakauLandfillLandfill
Senoko IPSenoko IP
Tuas Tuas South IPSouth IP
Tuas IPTuas IP Ulu Pandan Ulu Pandan RIPRIP
Closed Lorong Closed Lorong Halus Dumping Halus Dumping
GroundGround
REFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIESREFUSE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Education
• Educational programmes to raise and
cultivate awareness and understanding
• Environmental education programmes in
primary, secondary and pre-university
curricula
• Educational campaigns
Environmental Technology
• Monitor latest developments in industrial processes and pollution control technologies
• Adopt best practicable measures
• Use clean technology - minimise use of hazardous chemicals and generation of wastes
• Use hazardous chemicals that will not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards
• Promote research & development
Thank you