Environmental Issues, Their Causes, and SustainabilityEnvironmental Issues, Their Causes, and Sustainability
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 1
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 1
Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Growth and SustainabilityGrowth and Sustainability
Resources and Resource UseResources and Resource Use
PollutionPollution
Causes of Environmental ProblemsCauses of Environmental Problems
Living More SustainablyLiving More Sustainably
EcologyEcology
Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science
Sustainable SocietySustainable Society
Refer to Spotlight on p. 5Refer to Spotlight on p. 5
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
ExponentialGrowth
ExponentialGrowth
Doubling Time/Rule of 70
Doubling Time/Rule of 70
Fig. 1-2 p. 4Fig. 1-2 p. 4
Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
Gross National Product (GNP) Market Value of goods in or outside a country in a
year + net income earned abroad by citizens
Gross National Product (GNP) Market Value of goods in or outside a country in a
year + net income earned abroad by citizens
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Market value of goods within in a country in a year
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Market value of goods within in a country in a year
Gross World Product (GWP) Market value of goods in the world during one year
Gross World Product (GWP) Market value of goods in the world during one year
Per Capita GNP GNI divided by population at mid-year
Per Capita GNP GNI divided by population at mid-year
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development
Developed CountriesDeveloped Countries
Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries
Positive AspectsPositive Aspects
Negative AspectsNegative Aspects
Globalization –increasingly integrated worldGlobalization –increasingly integrated world
EconomicEconomic
Information and CommunicationInformation and Communication
Environmental EffectsEnvironmental Effects
ResourcesResources
PerpetualPerpetual
RenewableRenewable
Non-renewableNon-renewable
Fig. 1-6 p. 9Fig. 1-6 p. 9
Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources
Sustainable YieldSustainable Yield
Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation
Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons
Refer to Connections, p. 12Refer to Connections, p. 12
Non-Renewable ResourcesNon-Renewable Resources
Energy ResourcesEnergy Resources
Metallic ResourcesMetallic Resources
Non-MetallicResources
Non-MetallicResources
ReuseReuse
RecycleRecycle Economic DepletionFig. 1-7 p. 10
PollutionPollution
What is pollution?What is pollution?
Effects of PollutionEffects of Pollution
SourcesSources
PointPoint
NonpointNonpoint
Dealing With PollutionDealing With Pollution
Prevention (Input Control)Prevention (Input Control)
Cleanup (Output Control)Cleanup (Output Control)
Environmental and Resource ProblemsEnvironmental and Resource Problems
Major Problems(See Fig. 1-9 p. 12)
Major Problems(See Fig. 1-9 p. 12)
Five Root CausesFive Root Causes
Fig. 1-10 p. 12Fig. 1-10 p. 12
Air Pollution
• Global climate change• Stratospheric ozone
depletion• Urban air pollution• Acid deposition• Outdoor pollutants• Indoor pollutants• Noise
Biodiversity Depletion
• Habitat destruction• Habitat degradation• Extinction
Water Pollution
• Sediment• Nutrient overload• Toxic chemicals• Infectious agents• Oxygen depletion• Pesticides• Oil spills• Excess heat
Waste Production
• Solid waste• Hazardous waste
Food Supply Problems
• Overgrazing• Farmland loss
and degradation• Wetlands loss
and degradation• Overfishing• Coastal pollution• Soil erosion• Soil salinization• Soil waterlogging• Water shortages• Groundwater depletion• Loss of biodiversity• Poor nutrition
MajorEnvironmentalProblems
Major ProblemsMajor Problems
Frogs are treated with anti-fungal medicine and anything else that has contact with water during amphibian rescue is treated with a bleach solution, from boots and clothing to instruments and transport containers, to be sure researchers are not spreading the fungus to new, uncontaminated areas. When zoos and aquariums bring frogs into protective custody, the enclosures also must be treated with a bleach solution daily for the first few weeks to be sure they help control the spread of fungus.
The Vanishing Frog Project
http://animal.discovery.com/tv/vanishing-frogs/video/video.html
Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons
http://www.seed.slb.com/subcontent.aspx?id=4110&terms=tragedy+of+the+commons
Environmental WorldviewsEnvironmental Worldviews
Planetary Management Human beings can and should manage the planet for their own benefit. We are in charge of nature and there are alwaysmore resources
Planetary Management Human beings can and should manage the planet for their own benefit. We are in charge of nature and there are alwaysmore resources
Environmental Wisdom Nature does not exist for us and resources should be used sustainablyfor us and other species
Environmental Wisdom Nature does not exist for us and resources should be used sustainablyfor us and other species
Environmentally-Sustainable Economic DevelopmentEnvironmentally-Sustainable Economic Development
Fig. 1-13 p. 17Fig. 1-13 p. 17Decision making in asustainable society
Decision making in asustainable society
Social Economic
Environmental
SustainableSolutions
Traditionaldecision making
Traditionaldecision making
Environmental
Social Economic