Environmental Issues, Their Causes, and SustainabilityEnvironmental Issues, Their Causes, and Sustainability

G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment

13th Edition

Chapter 1

G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment

13th Edition

Chapter 1

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Growth and SustainabilityGrowth and Sustainability

Resources and Resource UseResources and Resource Use

PollutionPollution

Causes of Environmental ProblemsCauses of Environmental Problems

Living More SustainablyLiving More Sustainably

EcologyEcology

Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science

Sustainable SocietySustainable Society

Refer to Spotlight on p. 5Refer to Spotlight on p. 5

Population GrowthPopulation Growth

ExponentialGrowth

ExponentialGrowth

Doubling Time/Rule of 70

Doubling Time/Rule of 70

Fig. 1-2 p. 4Fig. 1-2 p. 4

Fig. 1-1 p. 2

World PopulationWorld Population

Economic GrowthEconomic Growth

Gross National Product (GNP) Market Value of goods in or outside a country in a

year + net income earned abroad by citizens

Gross National Product (GNP) Market Value of goods in or outside a country in a

year + net income earned abroad by citizens

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Market value of goods within in a country in a year

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Market value of goods within in a country in a year

Gross World Product (GWP) Market value of goods in the world during one year

Gross World Product (GWP) Market value of goods in the world during one year

Per Capita GNP GNI divided by population at mid-year

Per Capita GNP GNI divided by population at mid-year

Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development

Developed CountriesDeveloped Countries

Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries

Positive AspectsPositive Aspects

Negative AspectsNegative Aspects

Globalization –increasingly integrated worldGlobalization –increasingly integrated world

EconomicEconomic

Information and CommunicationInformation and Communication

Environmental EffectsEnvironmental Effects

ResourcesResources

PerpetualPerpetual

RenewableRenewable

Non-renewableNon-renewable

Fig. 1-6 p. 9Fig. 1-6 p. 9

Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources

Sustainable YieldSustainable Yield

Environmental DegradationEnvironmental Degradation

Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons

Refer to Connections, p. 12Refer to Connections, p. 12

Non-Renewable ResourcesNon-Renewable Resources

Energy ResourcesEnergy Resources

Metallic ResourcesMetallic Resources

Non-MetallicResources

Non-MetallicResources

ReuseReuse

RecycleRecycle Economic DepletionFig. 1-7 p. 10

Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint

Fig. 1-8 p. 10Fig. 1-8 p. 10

Calculate your footprintCalculate your footprint

http://www.footprint.org

PollutionPollution

What is pollution?What is pollution?

Effects of PollutionEffects of Pollution

SourcesSources

PointPoint

NonpointNonpoint

Dealing With PollutionDealing With Pollution

Prevention (Input Control)Prevention (Input Control)

Cleanup (Output Control)Cleanup (Output Control)

Environmental and Resource ProblemsEnvironmental and Resource Problems

Major Problems(See Fig. 1-9 p. 12)

Major Problems(See Fig. 1-9 p. 12)

Five Root CausesFive Root Causes

Fig. 1-10 p. 12Fig. 1-10 p. 12

Air Pollution

• Global climate change• Stratospheric ozone

depletion• Urban air pollution• Acid deposition• Outdoor pollutants• Indoor pollutants• Noise

Biodiversity Depletion

• Habitat destruction• Habitat degradation• Extinction

Water Pollution

• Sediment• Nutrient overload• Toxic chemicals• Infectious agents• Oxygen depletion• Pesticides• Oil spills• Excess heat

Waste Production

• Solid waste• Hazardous waste

Food Supply Problems

• Overgrazing• Farmland loss

and degradation• Wetlands loss

and degradation• Overfishing• Coastal pollution• Soil erosion• Soil salinization• Soil waterlogging• Water shortages• Groundwater depletion• Loss of biodiversity• Poor nutrition

MajorEnvironmentalProblems

Major ProblemsMajor Problems

Frogs are treated with anti-fungal medicine and anything else that has contact with water during amphibian rescue is treated with a bleach solution, from boots and clothing to instruments and transport containers, to be sure researchers are not spreading the fungus to new, uncontaminated areas. When zoos and aquariums bring frogs into protective custody, the enclosures also must be treated with a bleach solution daily for the first few weeks to be sure they help control the spread of fungus.

The Vanishing Frog Project

http://animal.discovery.com/tv/vanishing-frogs/video/video.html

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

Fig. 1-11 p. 13

Environmental InteractionsEnvironmental Interactions

Fig. 1-12 p. 14

Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons

http://www.seed.slb.com/subcontent.aspx?id=4110&terms=tragedy+of+the+commons

Environmental WorldviewsEnvironmental Worldviews

Planetary Management Human beings can and should manage the planet for their own benefit. We are in charge of nature and there are alwaysmore resources

Planetary Management Human beings can and should manage the planet for their own benefit. We are in charge of nature and there are alwaysmore resources

Environmental Wisdom Nature does not exist for us and resources should be used sustainablyfor us and other species

Environmental Wisdom Nature does not exist for us and resources should be used sustainablyfor us and other species

Environmentally-Sustainable Economic DevelopmentEnvironmentally-Sustainable Economic Development

Fig. 1-13 p. 17Fig. 1-13 p. 17Decision making in asustainable society

Decision making in asustainable society

Social Economic

Environmental

SustainableSolutions

Traditionaldecision making

Traditionaldecision making

Environmental

Social Economic