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THE ENGLISH SPEECH SOUNDS:The Vowels and Consonants
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WHAT ARE SPEECH SOUNDS?
HOW DO WE MAKE ENGLISH SPEECH
SOUNDS?
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Speech sounds
• Refer to the sounds we produce in oral communication.• are the basis of differences in defining a word or group of words.•These sounds are generally classified into segmentals and suprasegmentals. •Vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and triphthongs are classified as segmentals.•Stress, pitch, and juncture fall under suprasegmentals.
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Speech sounds
TAKE NOTE!
•Since language is intended to be spoken, then it, by all means, basically an oral activity.
•The basic component of any language is a system of sounds.
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Speech sounds
SOUNDS – are the core of a language
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THE HUMAN SPEECH MECHANISMElements of a language
Morpheme-Is the smallest
feature of expression
Ex. U + n = UN
Words and meanings
(Vocabulary)
Phoneme – is the smallest feature of
expressionEx. t, b,
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The human speech mechanism
HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED HOW SPEECH SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED?
HOW MANY PARTS OF THE HUMAN ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN SPEECH PRODUCTION?
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The human speech mechanism
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FOUR PROCESSES IN SPEECH PRODUCTION
1.RESPIRATION 2.PHONATION3.ARTICULATION4.RESONANCE
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FOUR PROCESSES IN SPEECH PRODUCTION
1.RESPIRATION -Provides the energy for sound-Exhilation-Inhalation
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FOUR PROCESSES IN SPEECH PRODUCTION
2. Phonation•Phonation is the rapid opening and closing of the vocal folds for sound•the vocal folds lie horizontally in the larynx•the opening in the middle of the vocal folds is the GLOTTIS
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FOUR PROCESSES IN SPEECH PRODUCTION
3. Articulation-Serves to produce the different configurations which make up the different speech sounds- it is the process through which we can differentiate most speech sounds.
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FOUR PROCESSES IN SPEECH PRODUCTION
4. Resonance -The speech mechanism is a resonator -- it is like an air-filled tube (closed on one end and open at the other end)the fundamental frequency generated at the vocal folds is resonated in the vocal tract that is now also vibrating -- the vibration of the vocal tract is the HARMONIC FREQUENCY
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Respirators Vibrators Articulators Resonators
LungsTracheaDiaphragmAbdominal musclesRib cage
Larynx or voice box or vocal cords or vocal folds
Upper and lower lipsUpper and lower teethGum ridgeHard palateSoft palate or velumTongueLowe jaw
Mouth or buccal cavity pharynxNasal cavityuvula
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The human speech mechanism model
Inhalation muscle contraction exhalation
vibrators trachea diaphragm
sound wave articulation resonators
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The human speech mechanismSpeech production is closely linked to the
breathing process which manifests in INHALATION or breathing in and EXHILATION or breathing out. It is when air is expelled from the lungs during exhilation that we may produce speech sounds.
The air which has been deposited earlier in the tiny air sacs in the lungs through inhalation is pushed out with the help of the diaphragm, abdominal muscles and rib cage. From the lungs, the air goes out through the bronchi then moves up through the trachea, until it reaches the larynx, a box-like structure to which vocal cords or vocal folds are attached.
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The human speech mechanism
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The human speech mechanism
The force of the air coming from the trachea and the contraction of the abdominal muscles cause the vocal folds to vibrate. The result is the production of sound waves.
These sound waves do not constitute speech yet. It is when they are modified or given distinct and final shape by the articulators then they can be called speech sounds.
As the speech sounds are articulated, they are amplified or reinforced by the resonators . When the two cavities are partially blocked, as when one has a bad cold, the voice has poor quality.