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MARPOL Annex VI
Regulations and
Future Compliance
Challenges
Dr Zabi BazariEnergy and Emiss ions Solu t ions
Lond on, UK
Presentation at MISC,
Ku ala Lump ur, Malaysia, 8 October 2015
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Content
Introduction
Main regulatory developments
Key challenges
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2
3
4 Alternative fuels and technologies
5 Conclusions
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Introduction
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ECA – Emissions Control Area
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More ECAs are most likely in the future
Source: Lloyd’s Register
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NOx and Sulphur Regulatory Limits
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Sulphur limitsNOx limits
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Energy Efficiency Regulation and Future Measures
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Link between EEDI, EEOI and SEEMP [Source: Japan
submission to IMO ]
IMO Initiatives
Legislated EU-MRV [Source: LR]EEDI reduction factor
EEDI Reduction Rate (Regula tion 21)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Phase 0
(2013-2014)
Phase 1
(2015-2019)
Phase 2
(2020-2024)
Phase 3
(2025 - ..)
Reduction Rate [%]
I m p l e m e n t a t i o
n P h a s e s
Bulk carriers Gas carrier Tanker/Combi.C Container Gen./Ref. cargo
Source: Bazari Z, LRTA papers, 2012, Lloyd’s Register
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Proposed IMO Data Collection, Verification and Reporting
Applicable to ships > 5000 GT.
Annual reporting with no need for voyage data declaration.
IMO number for ship ship identification purposes.
Ship’s registered owner responsible for submission of data to Administration. Responsibility of reporting remains with the ship.
Flag Administration responsible for verification of the data.
A Statement of Compliance (SOC) will be issued to the ship annually.
Port State Control will examine the SOC for enforcement.
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Fuel Cost and Competiveness
Fuel cost is a major part of total ship operational costs.
Eco-ship concept now is a reality due to the EEDI regulations.
Eco-shipping is the ultimate objective and implies operational
efficiency as well.
Reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 has become an environmental
strategy for certain companies.
Despite the lower fuel prices these days, operational energy efficiency
is still important due to the market conditions.
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Future Compliance Methods
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Compliance Methods
Alternative fuels
Alternative Technologies
Alternative operations
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Low Carbon and Clean Fuels
Marine distillates (beyond 2020)
Supply issue
Price issue
LNG
Biofuel
………
Nuclear
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Low Carbon and Clean Fuel: LNG
Simultaneous reduction of:
SOx
NOx
CO2
Issues Infrastructure for bunkering
Ship economics:
o Impact on cargo capacity
o Ship initial cost
o Fuel cost
o Exposure to ECAs
No major technological issues.
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LNG-fueled fleet (~100+ ships)
Source: ABS, Future Ready Shipping 2015
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Major issues with biofuels
Supply side:
Production potential. Fuel-food competition.
Sustainability issues.
Cost: Production costs / subsidies.
Well to wheel emissions.
Land use pattern and related issues.
Technical issues: No major issue withuse of biofuels.
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Key Technologies: Exhaust Gas Cleaning System
Scrubbers - SOx
SCR - NOx
Key issues:
How to integrate these systems? What would be the impact on ship
design, ship economics and life-
cycle maintenance and costs?
Main advantage: Continue with use of low-quality
cheaper fuels
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Key Methods for EEDI Reduction
Alternative fuels (low
carbon)
Lower ship design speed
Energy efficient
technologies (eco-ship
concept)
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NYK concept ship super ECO 2030
Fuel cell here represents
alternati ve fuels, waste heat
recovery, and hybrid
systems
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Eco-Shipping: Is it possible?
Ship operational for energy efficiency.
A large number of options are available.
Slow steaming
Voyage management for reduced passage speed (Virtual Arrival).
Weather routing
Hull and engine condition improvements
Ballast and trim optimisation
…….
……..
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Eco-ship is good but eco-shipping is better
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Ship Energy Management (operation)
18ISO 50001
IMO SEEMP
Best Practice
Continuous improvement is key for eco-
shipping
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Conclusions
Environmental regulations and fuel cost are major concerns of maritime
industry today.
On air emissions, SOx, NOx and CO2 regulations have set a course
that will see major changes to shipping industry in the next 10-20 years.
The role of alternative technologies and fuels has become crucial in
achieving compliance.
There are major issues (economical, technical and operational) that is
being gradually addressed to prepare shipping for a more challengingfuture.
There is a need for doubling our efforts to ensure a future-ready
shipping in particular in developing countries.
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Any Questions?
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