7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
1/25
Employment and Working Conditionsof Mi rants from Southeast Asia in
the Fishing Sector
4th ABDIOECDILORoundtableonLabourMi ration
28
January
2014,
Tokyo
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do nothe views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute ADBI),
the Asian Development Bank ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they
represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and
accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use Terminology used may notccepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not
necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
2/25
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
3/25
PREDOMINANTMIGRANT
FISHERSFLOWSFROMSOUTHEASTASIA
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
4/25
Workingconditions:long,undefinedworkinghours;hazardouswork;paidaccordingtocatch;
paid
irregularly;
living
in
the
workplace;
isolated
.
Application/enforcementofthelaw:labourlaws
donot
always
apply;
limited
inspection
or
access
to
complaints;jurisdictionalchallenges;low.
4
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
5/25
Studyon
employmentandworking
conditionsin
Thailands
fishingsector
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
6/25
Profileof
Res ondents
Nationality
Myanmar 306Cambodian 241
Thai 49
Total 596
Giventhetotalnumberofworkersinfishin andtheresearch
methodology,
the
findingscannotbesaidtobe
as
a
whole
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
7/25
Theinitial
decision
to
work
in
fishin
Decisionbymyself Amongthe32respondents
96.9%
Iwasdeceivedorcoerced whoweredeceivedorcoerced
Iwasdeceived/coercedby
a
broker
in
my
village
17
Iwasdeceived/coercedby
abrokerinThailand 9
3.1%
16%
orfamilymembers 6
Shorthaul Longhaul
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
8/25
3.9%Don'tKnow
2.3
No93.8%
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
9/25
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
10/25
on y
wa e Meanwage:
THB6 8
(USD210)
Theminimumwagedoesnotapplyto
fishing,but
for
comparison,theminimumwageinthefourprovincesduring
es u y
per o
was
betweenTHB246300(USD810) perday.
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
11/25
pr mary
e uc on
Nodeduction 57.9%
Deduction,butdonotknowdetails 18.3%
Debtincurred
/Wage
advance
15.4%
Foodanddrinkingwater 5.4%
Registrationcardmakingfee 1.7%
Leavedays 0.8%
Accommodation 0.5%
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
12/25
Have
ouever
had
an
accident
that
caused
ou
to
stopworkingorvisitahospital?
Yes,.
No,79.4%
Thai crew supervisor who lost his arm in a
winch Samut Sakhon 18 Se tember 2012 ILO.
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
13/25
andcleanforconsumption?
No,.
Yes,88.8%
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
14/25
DECEPTIVE
COERCIVE
PRACTICES
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
15/25
Short Lon
,
haul
(%) haul
(%)
o a
(%)
Force 12.0 12.3 12.0
Deceivedaboutworking3.3 12.3 4.9
Workingwillingly 84.7 75.5 83.1
*Wasforced,Soldbybrokertoboatowner,orForcedtoworktopay
debts
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
16/25
Menace
of
enaltPenalty %
No
penalty
(Working
willingly) 83.1Financialpenalty 12.1
Physicalviolenceorthreatofviolence 3.0
Threatsto
inform
authorities 0.8
Withholdingofassets(cashorother) 0.5
Withholdingdocuments 0.2
Threatsagainst
family
members 0.2
Otherformsofpunishment 0.2
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
17/25
161820
.
1 .1110
1214
. .
246
ForcedLabourwithNon
ForcedLabourwithFinancial
Workingwillingly
Total
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
18/25
Forced
labour
and
sufficient
rest100%
80%
71% 76% 74%40%
34%20%
0
Forcedlabourwithnon
financial enalt
Forcedlabourwithfinancial
enalt
Workingwillingly
Total
Yes No
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
19/25
Forced
labour
and
savin s
6 1 6 1FLwithfinancial enalt
58 23 11 8Workingwillingly
60 21 10 9Total
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Nosavings LessthanTHB2,500
THB2,5014,500 MorethanTHB4,501
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
20/25
10.1%ofrespondentsreported
beatenwhileonboard
. oflonghaul
*Not
necessarily
with
current
employer
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
21/25
Work
Establishmentoflabourcoordinationcenterstoregisterfishers
and
vessels
rovide
trainin
to
ca tains
and
crews
handlecomplaints;etc.
IndustryCodeofConductandtrainingforemployers
,police
and
navy
Supportservicestofishers:provideinformationonrights,, , , .
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
22/25
Comparativestudyof
policies,
recruitmentchannels
Cambodia,Indonesia,
Vietnam andcase
studyon
Taipei,Chinas fishingsector
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
23/25
RegionalMeetingonWork
KnowledgeBase
and
SharingGoodPracticesfortheProtectionofMigrantWorkers
September2013Makassar,Indonesia
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
24/25
Indonesia,Philippines
and
Vietnam
have
standard
employment
contractformigrantfishers
Vietnam:GuidanceNo.276onSendingVietnameseFishingCrewforEmploymentinTaipei,China
Recruitmenta encies
in
Vietnam
rovide
fishin
s ecific
testin
andtraining;obtainfishersinsurancetocoveraccidentsandpaythefisherssalarytotheirfamily
Phili inesfishershaveformedthefirstmi rantworkertrade
unionin
Taipei,China
Longdistancehealthcareservicesystemwithhospitalsindestinationcountriesto rovidemedicalservicestomi rantfishers(Taipei,China)
7/23/2019 Employment and Working Conditions of Migrants from Southeast Asia in the Fishing Sector
25/25
Thankyouforyour
Formoreinformation,pleasecontact:
MaxTunon,GMSTRIANGLEProjectCoordinator
ILO
Regional
Office
for
Asia
and
the
Pacific
Tel:6622882245
Email:[email protected]
. .