EAGLEEASILY APPLICABLE GRAPHICAL LAYOUT EDITOR
Manual
Version 5
2nd Edition
Copyright 2008 CadSoft All Rights Reserved
How to reach us
Phone: +1 954-237-0932Fax: +1 954-237-0968E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.cadsoftusa.com
Office Hours are:Mon Thu: 9 am to 5 pm ESTFri: 9 am to 4 pm EST
CadSoft Computer, Inc.19620 Pines Blvd. Suite 217Pembroke Pines, Florida 33029U.S.A.
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TableofContentsChapter1Introduction................................................................................21
1.1WhatisinthisManual?................................................................211.2TechnicalTerms............................................................................22
Chapter2Installation..................................................................................25
2.1WhatYouHaveReceived..............................................................252.2NewInstallations..........................................................................25
Windows......................................................................................25Linux............................................................................................27MacOSX......................................................................................28
2.3UpdatinganOlderVersion...........................................................29NotesonLibraryFiles...................................................................29InCaseofChangesintheFileDataStructure..............................30
2.4ChangingorExtendingtheLicense..............................................302.5MultipleUserLicenses..................................................................31
NotesforInstallinginaNetwork..................................................31SpecialInstructionsUnderWindows............................................32PathInformation........................................................................32DifferentOperatingSystemsattheWorkingComputers............32
Chapter3EAGLEModulesandEditions......................................................33
3.1EAGLEModules............................................................................33TheLayoutEditor.........................................................................33SchematicEditor..........................................................................33Autorouter....................................................................................34
3.2DifferentEditions..........................................................................34ProfessionalEdition......................................................................34General......................................................................................34LayoutEditor.............................................................................35SchematicEditor........................................................................35AutorouterModule.....................................................................36
StandardEdition..........................................................................36LightEdition.................................................................................36
Chapter4AFirstLookatEAGLE.................................................................37
4.1TheControlPanel.........................................................................37
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LibrarySummary..........................................................................38DesignRules.................................................................................39UserLanguagePrograms,Scripts,CAMJobs................................40Projects.........................................................................................40MenuBar......................................................................................41FileMenu...................................................................................41ViewMenu.................................................................................42OptionsMenu............................................................................43WindowMenu...........................................................................46HelpMenu.................................................................................46
4.2TheSchematicEditorWindow.....................................................47HowYouObtainDetailedInformationAboutaCommand...........48BubbleHelpAndToolTips........................................................48HelpFunction...........................................................................49
CommandParameters..................................................................49GRID.........................................................................................50
TheActionToolbar.......................................................................50USE...........................................................................................50SCRIPT......................................................................................51RUN..........................................................................................51WINDOW..................................................................................51UNDO/REDO............................................................................51StopIcon...................................................................................51GoIcon......................................................................................51
TheCommandToolbarofTheSchematicEditor..........................52INFO.........................................................................................52SHOW.......................................................................................52DISPLAY....................................................................................52MARK........................................................................................52MOVE........................................................................................52COPY.........................................................................................53MIRROR....................................................................................53ROTATE....................................................................................53GROUP......................................................................................53CHANGE...................................................................................54CUT...........................................................................................54PASTE.......................................................................................54DELETE.....................................................................................54ADD..........................................................................................54PINSWAP..................................................................................55GATESWAP...............................................................................55REPLACE...................................................................................55
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NAME........................................................................................55VALUE.......................................................................................55SMASH......................................................................................55MITER.......................................................................................56SPLIT........................................................................................56INVOKE.....................................................................................56WIRE.........................................................................................56TEXT.........................................................................................56CIRCLE......................................................................................57ARC...........................................................................................57RECT.........................................................................................57POLYGON.................................................................................57BUS...........................................................................................57NET...........................................................................................57JUNCTION................................................................................57LABEL.......................................................................................57ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................58ERC...........................................................................................58
CommandsNotAvailableintheCommandToolbar.....................58ASSIGN......................................................................................58CLASS........................................................................................58CLOSE........................................................................................58EDIT...........................................................................................59FRAME.......................................................................................59EXPORT.....................................................................................59LAYER........................................................................................59MENU........................................................................................59OPEN.........................................................................................59PACKAGE...................................................................................59PRINT........................................................................................60QUIT..........................................................................................60REMOVE....................................................................................60SET............................................................................................60TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................60UPDATE.....................................................................................60WRITE........................................................................................60
MouseKeys..................................................................................61SelectingNeighbouringObjects.................................................61
4.3TheLayoutEditorWindow...........................................................61TheCommandsontheLayoutCommandToolbar.......................62INFO.........................................................................................62SHOW.......................................................................................62
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DISPLAY....................................................................................63MARK........................................................................................63MOVE........................................................................................63COPY.........................................................................................63MIRROR....................................................................................64ROTATE....................................................................................64GROUP......................................................................................64CHANGE...................................................................................64CUT...........................................................................................65PASTE.......................................................................................65DELETE.....................................................................................65ADD..........................................................................................65PINSWAP..................................................................................65REPLACE...................................................................................66LOCK.........................................................................................66NAME........................................................................................66VALUE.......................................................................................66SMASH......................................................................................66MITER.......................................................................................67SPLIT........................................................................................67OPTIMIZE.................................................................................67ROUTE......................................................................................67RIPUP........................................................................................67WIRE.........................................................................................67TEXT.........................................................................................68CIRCLE......................................................................................68ARC...........................................................................................68RECT.........................................................................................69POLYGON.................................................................................69VIA............................................................................................69SIGNAL.....................................................................................69HOLE........................................................................................69ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................69RATSNEST................................................................................69AUTO........................................................................................70ERC...........................................................................................70DRC...........................................................................................70ERRORS....................................................................................70
4.4TheLibraryEditorWindow..........................................................70LoadorRenamePackage,Symbol,orDevice...............................72EDIT..........................................................................................72REMOVE....................................................................................72
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RENAME....................................................................................72ThePackageEditingMode...........................................................72DesignNewPackage..................................................................72PAD...........................................................................................72SMD..........................................................................................73
TheSymbolEditingMode............................................................73DesignaNewSymbol................................................................73PIN............................................................................................73
TheDeviceEditingmode..............................................................74CreateActualComponentsfromSymbolsandPackages............75ADD..........................................................................................75NAME........................................................................................75CHANGE...................................................................................76PACKAGE...................................................................................76CONNECT..................................................................................76PREFIX.......................................................................................76VALUE........................................................................................76TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................76ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................76DESCRIPTION............................................................................77
4.5TheCAMProcessor.......................................................................77GenerateData..............................................................................78StartingtheCAMProcessor........................................................78LoadJobFile..............................................................................78LoadBoard.................................................................................78SetOutputParameters...............................................................79StartOutput...............................................................................79DefineNewJob..........................................................................79
4.6TheTextEditorWindow..............................................................80
Chapter5PrinciplesforWorkingwithEAGLE.............................................81
5.1CommandInputPossibilities........................................................81ActivateCommandandSelectObject...........................................81CommandLine.............................................................................81HistoryFunction...........................................................................82TheContextMenu........................................................................82FunctionKeys...............................................................................83ScriptFiles....................................................................................85MixedInput..................................................................................85
5.2TheEAGLECommandLanguage..................................................85
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TypographicalConventions..........................................................86EnterkeyandSemicolon............................................................86BoldTypeorUpperCase............................................................86LowerCase.................................................................................86Underscore.................................................................................86Spaces........................................................................................87AlternativeParameters...............................................................87RepetitionPoints........................................................................87MouseClick................................................................................87
EnteringCoordinatesasText.......................................................88Relativevalues:..........................................................................88Polarvalues:..............................................................................89RightMouseClick:.....................................................................89Modifier:....................................................................................89
5.3GridsandtheCurrentUnits..........................................................905.4AliasesforDISPLAY,GRID,andWINDOW...................................92
Example:DISPLAYAlias...............................................................92Example:GRIDAlias....................................................................92Example:WINDOWAlias.............................................................93Editing,Renaming,DeletingofanAlias.......................................93
5.5NamesandAutomaticNaming.....................................................94Length..........................................................................................94ForbiddenandSpecialCharacters................................................94AutomaticNaming.......................................................................94
5.6ImportandExportofData............................................................95ScriptFilesandDataImport.........................................................95FileExportUsingtheEXPORTCommand....................................96DIRECTORY...............................................................................96NETLIST.....................................................................................96NETSCRIPT................................................................................96PARTLIST...................................................................................96PINLIST......................................................................................96SCRIPT.......................................................................................96IMAGE........................................................................................96
5.7TheEAGLEUserLanguage...........................................................975.8Forward&BackAnnotation...........................................................985.9ConfiguringEAGLEIndividually...................................................99
ConfigurationCommands.............................................................99TheMenuOptions/Set(SETCommand).................................100
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Theeagle.scrFile........................................................................105TheeaglercFile..........................................................................106EAGLEProjectFile......................................................................107
Chapter6FromSchematictoFinishedBoard...........................................109
6.1CreatingtheSchematicDiagram................................................109OpentheSchematicDiagram.....................................................110SettheGrid................................................................................110PlaceSymbols.............................................................................110LoadDrawingFrame................................................................110PlaceCircuitSymbols(Gates)..................................................112HiddenSupplyGates................................................................112DeviceswithSeveralGates......................................................113
WiringtheSchematicDiagram...................................................114DrawNets(NET).....................................................................114DefiningCrossReferencesforNets..........................................114CrossReferencesforContacts..................................................116SpecifyingNetClasses..............................................................117Drawingabus(BUS)...............................................................118
PinswapandGateswap...............................................................119PowerSupply.............................................................................120DefineAttributes........................................................................121GlobalAttributes......................................................................121AttributesforElements............................................................121
ERCCheckandCorrectSchematic...........................................124OrganizeSchematicSheets........................................................126PointstoNotefortheSchematicEditor......................................126SuperimposedPins...................................................................126OpenPinswhenMOVEing.......................................................126MergeDifferentSchematics.....................................................126
6.2ConsiderationsPriortoCreatingaBoard...................................127CheckingtheComponentLibraries.............................................127AgreementwiththeBoardManufacturer...................................127SpecifyingtheDesignRules.......................................................128GeneralPrinciples....................................................................128Layers.......................................................................................129MinimumClearanceandDistance............................................131Sizes.........................................................................................131Restring(PadandViaDiameter).............................................131Shapes......................................................................................134Supply......................................................................................135
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Masks.......................................................................................137Misc..........................................................................................138
6.3CreateBoard...............................................................................138WithouttheSchematicEditor.....................................................139SpecifytheBoardOutline...........................................................139ArrangeComponents..................................................................141AttributesforComponentsandGlobalAttributes.......................143BoardswithComponentsonBothSides.....................................143ExchangingPackages..................................................................143PACKAGECommand................................................................143REPLACEcommand.................................................................144
ChangingtheTechnology...........................................................145DefineForbiddenAreas..............................................................145RoutingPlacingTracksManually............................................146DefiningaCopperPlanewithPOLYGON...................................148
6.4DRCCheckingtheLayoutandCorrectingErrors.....................150TheDRCErrorsWindow............................................................152ErrorMessagesandtheirMeaning.............................................153
6.5MultilayerBoards.......................................................................156InnerLayer.................................................................................156SignalLayers............................................................................157SupplyLayerswithPolygonsandMorethanOneSignal.........157PowerSupplyLayerwithOneSignal.......................................157SupplyLayersandAutorouter..................................................159
MultilayerBoardswithThroughVias.........................................159LayerSetup..............................................................................159
MultilayerwithBlindandBuriedVias........................................160Disambiguation........................................................................160DisplayingVias.........................................................................161LayerSetup..............................................................................161HintsForWorkingWithBlind,Buried,andMicroVias............166
MicroViaASpecialCaseofBlindVia.....................................1676.6UpdatingComponents(LibraryUpdate)....................................1686.7PrintOutSchematicandLayout.................................................1696.8CombiningSmallCircuitBoardsonaCommonPanel...............1726.9ConsistencyLostbetweenSchematicandLayout......................173
Chapter7TheAutorouter..........................................................................175
7.1BasicFeatures.............................................................................1757.2WhatCanbeExpectedfromtheAutorouter..............................175
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7.3ControllingtheAutorouter.........................................................176BusRouter..................................................................................176RoutingPass...............................................................................177Optimization..............................................................................177
7.4WhatHastobeDefinedBeforeAutorouting..............................177DesignRules...............................................................................177TrackWidthandNetClasses......................................................177Grid............................................................................................178PlacementGrid........................................................................178RoutingGrid............................................................................178
MemoryRequirement.................................................................180Layer..........................................................................................180PreferredDirections...................................................................181RestrictedAreasfortheAutorouter............................................181CostFactorsandOtherControlParameters...............................182
7.5TheAutorouterMenu.................................................................1827.6HowtheCostFactorsInfluencetheRoutingProcess.................184
LayerCosts.................................................................................185cfBase.xx:0..20........................................................................185
Costs...........................................................................................185cfVia:0..99...............................................................................185cfNonPref:0..10.......................................................................185cfChangeDir:0..25...................................................................186cfOrthStep,cfDiagStep.............................................................186cfExtdStep:0..30......................................................................186cfBonusStep,cfMalusStep:1..3................................................186cfPadImpact,cfSmdImpact:0..10.............................................186cfBusImpact:0..10...................................................................187cfHugging:0..5........................................................................187cfAvoid0..10............................................................................187cfPolygon0..30........................................................................187
Maximum...................................................................................187mnVia0..30.............................................................................187mnSegments0..9999...............................................................187mnExtdSteps0..9999...............................................................187
7.7NumberofRipup/RetryAttempts..............................................1887.8RoutingMultiLayerBoards........................................................188
SupplyLayers.............................................................................188PolygonsasSupplyLayers..........................................................189
7.9BackupandInterruptionofRouting...........................................1897.10InformationfortheUser...........................................................190
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StatusDisplay.............................................................................190Logfile.......................................................................................191
7.11ParametersofaControlFile.....................................................1927.12PracticalHints...........................................................................193
General.......................................................................................193SingleSidedBoards...................................................................193SMDBoardsWithSupplyLayers................................................193Whatcanbedoneifnotallsignalsarerouted?..........................194
Chapter8ComponentDesignExplainedthroughExamples.....................195
8.1DefinitionofaSimpleResistor...................................................196ResistorPackage.........................................................................196DefineaNewPackage..............................................................196SettheGrid..............................................................................196SolderPads..............................................................................196PadName.................................................................................197SilkscreenandDocumentationPrint........................................197Labeling...................................................................................198Restrictedareaforcomponents................................................199Description...............................................................................199Note.........................................................................................199
ResistorSymbol..........................................................................200DefineaNewSymbol...............................................................200SettheGrid..............................................................................200PlacethePins...........................................................................200PinNames................................................................................202SchematicSymbol....................................................................203
ResistorDevice...........................................................................203DefineaNewDevice................................................................203Selecting,NamingandConfiguringSymbols...........................204SelectingthePackage...............................................................204ConnectionsBetweenPinsandPads........................................205DefinePrefix............................................................................206Value........................................................................................206Description...............................................................................206Save.........................................................................................207
LibraryDescription.....................................................................207UseLibrary.................................................................................207
8.2DefiningaComplexDevice.........................................................207
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CreatingaNewLibrary..............................................................209DrawingthePinLeadedPackage...............................................209SettheGrid..............................................................................210PlacePads................................................................................210PadName.................................................................................211DrawtheSilkScreenSymbol...................................................211PackageNameandPackageValue...........................................211AreasForbiddentoComponents..............................................212Description...............................................................................212Save.........................................................................................213
DefiningtheSMDPackage.........................................................214SettheGrid..............................................................................215PlacingSMDSolderPads.........................................................215SMDNames.............................................................................217DrawtheSilkScreen................................................................217PackageNameandPackageValue...........................................217AreaForbiddentoComponents................................................218LocatingPoint(Origin)............................................................218Description...............................................................................218Save.........................................................................................218
DefiningtheLogicSymbolfortheSchematicDiagram...............220ChecktheGrid.........................................................................220PlacethePins...........................................................................220PinName.................................................................................221DrawtheSymbol......................................................................221PlaceholdersforNAMEandVALUE..........................................221Save.........................................................................................221
DefiningaPowerSupplySymbol...............................................222ChecktheGrid.........................................................................222PlacethePins...........................................................................222PinName.................................................................................223PlaceholdersforNAMEandVALUE..........................................223
AssociatingthePackagesandSymbolstoFormaDeviceSet.....224SelectSymbols.........................................................................224NamingtheGates.....................................................................224SpecifyAddlevelandSwaplevel...............................................225ChoosingthePackageVariants................................................225TheConnectCommand............................................................226DefiningTechnologies..............................................................227SpecifyingthePrefix................................................................228Value........................................................................................228Description...............................................................................229
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Save.........................................................................................2298.3SupplyVoltages..........................................................................230
ComponentPowerSupplyPins...................................................230InvisibleSupplyPins................................................................230
PinswiththeSameNames.........................................................2328.4SupplySymbols..........................................................................2328.5Attributes....................................................................................234
DefineAttributes........................................................................234DisplayAttributes.......................................................................237PlaceholdersinSymbolandPackage.......................................237
8.6LabelingofSchematicSymbols..................................................2378.7MoreabouttheAddlevelParameter...........................................238
Summary....................................................................................238Relay:CoilandFirstContactmustbePlaced.............................239Connector:SomeConnectionPinscanbeOmitted....................239ConnectorwithFixingHoleandRestrictedArea........................240
8.8DefiningComponentswithContactCrossReferences................241DefineSymbol............................................................................241DefineDevice.............................................................................242DefinePackage...........................................................................242
8.9DrawingFrames..........................................................................2438.10ComponentsontheSolderSide...............................................2448.11ComponentswithOblongHoles...............................................2458.12CreatingNewPackageVariants................................................245
PackagefromAnotherLibrary....................................................245DefiningthePackageVariant...................................................246ConnectCommand...................................................................247DefiningTechnologies..............................................................247Save.........................................................................................248
UsingaModifiedPackagefromAnotherLibrary........................248CopyingthePackage................................................................248DefiningtheVariant.................................................................249
8.13DefiningPackagesinAnyRotation...........................................249RotatingaPackageasaWhole...................................................249PackageswithRadialPadArrangement.....................................250
8.14LibraryandPartManagement..................................................250CopyingofLibraryElements......................................................250WithinaLibrary.......................................................................250FromOneLibraryintoAnother................................................251CompositionofYourownLibraries..........................................254
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RemovingandRenamingLibraryElements................................254UpdatePackagesinLibraries......................................................255
Chapter9PreparingManufacturingData..................................................257
9.1WhichDatadoweNeedforBoardManufacture?......................257GerberPlotData.........................................................................258GERBER_RS274X.....................................................................258GERBERAUTOandGERBER....................................................258
DrillData....................................................................................259EXCELLON...............................................................................259EXCELLON_RACK....................................................................259SM1000andSM3000..............................................................259FurtherDrillDataDevices........................................................260
PrototypeManufactureWithaMillingMachine.........................260outlines.ulp..............................................................................260milloutlines.ulp.......................................................................260
FilmGenerationUsingPostScriptFiles.......................................260PrintingonaFilm.......................................................................261DataforPickandplaceMachinesandIncircuitTesters............261Documentation...........................................................................262PartsList..................................................................................262DrillPlan..................................................................................263DrillLegend.............................................................................265
9.2RulesthatSaveTimeandMoney...............................................2659.3QuickGuideforDataOutput......................................................266
Jobgerb274x.cam......................................................................266Jobexcellon.cam........................................................................267Jobgerber.cam...........................................................................269
9.4WhichFilesdoINeedformyBoard?.........................................270FilesList.....................................................................................270PlaceholdersforOutputFileNameGeneration........................273HintsConcerningFileExtensions:............................................273
9.5PeculiaritiesofMultilayerBoards...............................................273SimpleInnerLayers....................................................................274SupplyLayer...............................................................................274DrillDataforMultilayerBoardsWithBlindandBuriedVias......274
9.6SetOutputParameters...............................................................2759.7AutomatingtheOutputwithCAMProcessorJobs.....................278
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DefiningaNewCAMJob...........................................................278Extendinggerber.camJobforMultilayerBoards........................279ErrorMessage:AperturesMissing..............................................280GerberInfoFiles.........................................................................280DrillDataGenerationwithSeparateRackFile...........................281DefineaDrillConfiguration(Rack)File...................................281DefineJobforDrillDataOutput..............................................282DrillInfoFile............................................................................282
9.8DeviceDriverDefinitionineagle.def..........................................283CreatingYourOwnDeviceDriver..............................................283Example1:Gerber(auto)device,Millimetre...........................283Example2:EXCELLONDevice,OutputwithLeadingZeros.....284
UnitsintheApertureandDrillTable.........................................2849.9GerberFilesforPhotoplotterswithFixedApertureWheels.......285
DefiningtheApertureTable(Wheel).........................................285ApertureEmulation....................................................................286
Chapter10Appendix...................................................................................287
10.1LayersandtheirUsage.............................................................287InLayoutandPackageEditor.....................................................287InSchematic,Symbol,andDeviceEditor...................................288
10.2EAGLEFiles..............................................................................28810.3EAGLEOptionsataGlance......................................................28910.4ConfigurationoftheTextMenu...............................................29310.5TextVariables...........................................................................29410.6OptionsforExpertsineaglerc..................................................294
ChangeComponentValueWarning........................................294ConsistencyCheck....................................................................294DeleteWireJoints....................................................................295DeviceNameasValueforallComponents...............................295DisableCtrlforRadiusMode...................................................295GroupSelection.......................................................................295OpenProject............................................................................295PanningDrawingWindow.......................................................295UnitsinDialogs........................................................................296
10.7ErrorMessage...........................................................................296WhenLoadingaFile...................................................................296Restringsmallerthaninolderversion.....................................296Libraryobjectswiththesamenames.......................................297Pad,ViaReplacedwithaHole.................................................297
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Skippedunsuitableobjects.......................................................299Can'tUpdateFile......................................................................299
InaLibrary.................................................................................300Package/Symbolisinuse.........................................................300
IntheCAMProcessor.................................................................300Polygonmaycauseextremelylargeplotdata..........................300
IntheLightorStandardEdition.................................................301Can'tperformtherequestedaction..........................................301
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Chapter1IntroductionThismanualdescribestheuseoftheEAGLEsoftwareanditsbasicprinciples.Theorderofchaptersfollowsthetypicalprocessfromdrawingaschematictoareadytouselayout.
1.1 WhatisinthisManual?Achapter'smainheadingisintendedtotellyoubrieflywhatthecontentsofthatchapterare.Hereinthefirstchapterwewanttogiveaquickoverviewwhatyoucanexpectfromthismanual.
Chapter1IntroductionContainsapreviewofthemanual.
Chapter2InstallationDealswiththeprogram'sinstallation.
Chapter3EAGLEModulesandEditionsExplainsthevariousprogramvariants.
Chapter4AFirstLookatEAGLEGivesapreviewoftheprogram'sstructureanddescribestheeditorwindowsandtheircommands.
Chapter5PrinciplesforWorkingwithEAGLEExaminesthebasicwaysofusingandconfiguringEAGLE.
Chapter6FromSchematictoFinishedLayoutFollowstheroutefromschematictolayout.
Chapter7TheAutorouterDedicatedtotheAutoroutermoduleanditsconfiguration.
Chapter8ComponentDesignExplainedthroughExamplesExplainsthedefinitionoflibrarycomponentsthroughexamplesandinformsaboutlibraryandcomponentmanagement.
Chapter9PreparingtheManufacturingDataEverythingyouneedtoknowaboutgeneratingmanufacturingdata.
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1 Introduction
AppendixListsusefuladditionalinformationandexplainssomeerrormessagesEAGLEpromptsincertainsituations.
Foraquick,handsonintroduction,refertotheEAGLETutorial.Pleasereadthetutorialforabetterunderstandingbeforeworkingwiththemanual.
AnybodywhohasalreadybeenworkingwithapriorversionofEAGLEisadvisedtoreadthefileUPDATEunderLinuxandMacorUPDATE.TXTunderWindows.Itcontainsadescriptionofallthedifferencesfromearlierversions.Thisfileislocatedintheeagle/docdirectory.PleasereaditbeforeyoustartworkingwiththenewEAGLE.
InformationthatwasnotavailableorthathasbeenchangedsinceprintingthismanualisalsodescribedinUPDATEorUPDATE.TXT,or,ifexisting,inaREADMEfile.
Detailedinformation,especiallyabouttheEAGLEcommandlanguageandtheEAGLEUserLanguage,isavailableonthehelppages.Youcanreachabasicunderstanding very quickly by using this manual, and you can use theconvenientsearchfeaturesofthehelpfunctiontoquicklylocatetheanswerstoparticularquestions.
1.2 TechnicalTermsInthismanual,inthehelpfunction,andinEAGLEitselfwefrequentlyusesometechnicaltermsthatshouldbeexplainedhereinafewwords.
Airwire:Unroutedconnectiononaboard,displayedintheunroutedlayer(=rubberband).
AnnulusSymbol:Anisolationringthatwillbedrawninasupplylayerorinacopperfilledarea.
BlindVia:Aplatedthroughholeforchangingthelayerofatrackwhichhasnotbeendrilledthroughalllayersintheproductionprocessofamultilayerboard.
BuriedVia:Aplatedtroughhole,whichhasbeendrilledthroughthecurrentlayerstackintheproductionprocesslikeanormal(through)via,butdoesnotconnectalllayersofthewholeboard.
Core:Twocopperlayersappliedtoasolidsubstrate.
DesignRuleCheck(DRC):EAGLEcanidentifytheviolationofcertainDesignRules(e.g.iftwodifferenttracksoverlaporaretooclose)withtheDRC.
22
1.2 Technical Terms
Device:Afullydefinedelementinalibrary.ConsistsofatleastonePackageandoneSymbol.
DeviceSet:ConsistsofDevicesthatusethesameSymbolsfortheSchematicbuthavedifferentPackagevariantsortechnologies.
Drill:Platedthroughdrillinginthelayout(inpadsandvias)
ElectricalRuleCheck(ERC):EAGLEcanidentifytheviolationofcertainelectricalrules(e.g.iftwooutputsareconnected)withtheERC.Italsocheckstheconsistencyoftheschematicandthelayout.
Forward&BackAnnotation:Transformsalltheactionsonemakesinaschematiconlineintothelayout(andwithlimitationsfromlayoutintoschematic).Bothfilesareconsistentallthetime.
Gate:ThetermGateisusedinthismanualforapartofacomponentwhichcanbeindividually placed on a schematic. This can be one Gate of a TTLcomponent, one contact pair in a relay, or an individual resistor fromaresistorarray.
Hole:Nonplatedthroughdrillinginthelayout(e.g.amountinghole).
LayerStack:Currentnumberandorderofcopperandisolationlayerswhichareusedtobuildupaprintedcircuitboard.
Microvia:Aplatedthroughhole(likeBlindvia)witharelativelysmalldrilldiameterwhichconnectsanouterlayerwiththenextreachableinnerlayer.
Net:Electricalconnectioninaschematic.
Package:Componentfootprintstoredinalibrary.
Pad:ThroughholepadassociatedwithaPackage.
Pin:ConnectionpointonaSchematicSymbol.
Prepreg:Usedinacompoundofinnerandouterlayersformultilayerboards.
Rack:Configurationtableforadrillingmachine.Neededforgeneratingdrilldata.
23
1 Introduction
Ratsnest:Commandforcalculatingtheshortestairwiresandforhidingordisplayingcertainairwiresforabetteroverview.
Restring:Pronunciation:restring.Settingthatdeterminesthewidthofthecopperringaroundaplatedthroughholeofapadorvia.
Signal:Electricalconnectioninaboard.
SupplySymbol:Representsasupplysignalintheschematic.CausestheERCtorunspecialchecks.
Symbol:Schematicrepresentationofacomponent,storedinaLibrary.
UserLanguage:Freelyprogrammable,Clikelanguagefordataimportandexport.
Via:Platedthroughholeforchangingthe layerofatrack. SeealsoMicrovia,Blindvia,andBuriedvia.
Wheel:Aperture configuration file. Generated with Gerber data for boardmanufacturing.
Wire:Electricalconnectioninaboard,ora line(since linesaredrawnwiththeWIREcommand).
24
Chapter2Installation
2.1 WhatYouHaveReceivedTheEAGLEpack, withthe licenseagreement ontheoutside, containstheEAGLECDROM,theUserLicenseCertificatewiththepersonalinstallationcode,atrainingmanualandthisreferencemanual.
Itmaybethatnotalloftheseitemsareincludedifyouhaveaskedforanupgrade for an existing current installation or for an extension of yourlicense.Inallcases,however,thereisanewLicenseCertificateandadatamediumwiththelicensefilelicense.keyincludedasaminimum.
Ifyourcomputerisnotequippedwithanappropriatedrive,youmaycopythefilelicense.keytoanothermediumor,ifavailable,makeitaccessiblethroughanetworkcomputer.
KeeptheUserLicenseCertificatewithyourpersonalinstallationcodeinasafeplace, inaccessibletounauthorizedpersons!Nevergivethelicense fileorinstallationcodetoothers!NeversendyourinstallationcodebyemailtoCadSoftortoanyoneelse.Youneedthelicensecertificatecardasevidenceofyourentitlementto futureupgradesorupdates.
2.2 NewInstallationsTheEAGLECDROMinstallationincludesfilesthatallowoperationwithallavailableOperatingSystemsandyourpersonallicensedata.TheinstallationroutinedetermineswhichfilestoloadrespectiveoftheOS'slanguageusedwhetherEAGLEisinstalledinEnglishorinGermanlanguage.
AnyrecentoradditionalinformationaboutthenewinstallationmaybefoundintheREADMEfilesintherelevantdirectoriesontheCDROM.
WindowsEAGLEforWindowsisavailableasaselfextractingfileonCDROMorfromtheDownloadareaofCadSoft'swebsite.
25
2 Installation
CDROM:PlacetheCDROMinthedrive.Afterashortdelaythesetuproutineshouldbegin.Ifthisdoesnothappen,doubleclickontotheCDROMsymbolintheMyComputerfolderontheWindowsdesktop.
Downloadversion:IfyouhavedownloadedtheEAGLEarchivefromourwebserver,youwillseeanicon,namedeaglewin5.0.0.exe,dependingonwhereyoudownloadeditto; probably your desktop. Doubleclick this icon and the WinZip SelfExtractorwindowwillappear.Theinstallationroutinestartswithextractingthefilesfromthearchive.ClicktheSetupbuttontobegin.
Theversionnumberinthefilenamemay,dependingonthecurrentversion,differ.
Now theactual installation process starts. Followthe instructions step bystep:ConfirmtheEAGLESoftwareLicenseAgreementbyclickingYes,ifyouagreewithit.Ifnot,youcanaborttheinstallationbyclickingtheNobutton.ThenextstepsetsuptheEAGLEinstallationdirectory.ByclickingNextyouacceptthesuggesteddirectory.ClicktheBrowsebuttonandyoumaychooseanyotherlocationfortheEAGLEdirectory.AfterconfirmingtheinstallationpaththefilesarecopiedintotheEAGLEdirectory.
Attheendof the installationyouwill beaskedhowyouwant to licenseEAGLE:
UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscasethefollowingdialogasksyouforthepathtoyourlicensefile(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.
RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwillbelicensedaslimitedLightEditionfortesting,fornoncommercial useorforthepurposeofgeneratingmanufacturingdata.Thisversionislimitedinitsuse.
Don'tlicensenowpostponesthelicensingonthefirstEAGLEstart.
TheWindows Start menunowcontains in the Programs section thenewentryEAGLELayoutEditor5.0.0.
Tutorialandmanualinpdffileformatarealsopartoftheinstallation.
UninstallingEAGLEcanbedonebyusualmeansofyouroperatingsystemusingWindowsuninstalltools.
26
2.2 New Installations
LinuxEAGLEforLinuxisavailableasselfextractingshellscriptwithsetupdialogonCDROMorfromtheDownloadareaofCadSoft'swebsite.YoumayinstalltheprogramasRoot/AdministratororasanormalUser.
Initiatetheinstallationprocessinafilemanagerwithadoubleclickontheshellscriptfile eaglelin5.0.0.runwhichislocatedinthe LinuxdirectoryoftheEAGLECDROM.InthecaseyoudownloadedthefilefromtheInternetthisfilemaybelocatedinanyotherdirectory.
Pleasecheck,ifthefileismarkedasexecutableafterdownloadingit.Ifthisisnotthecase,youcould,forexample,usethechmodcommandintheconsoletochangeitsattributes.Youcanstarttheshellscriptformtheconsole,aswell,bytyping:
/path_to_file/eagle-lin-5.0.0.runTheversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentlyavailableEAGLEversion.
Theinstallationroutinestartswithextractingthefilesfromthearchive.
Thentheactual installationprocessstarts. Followthe instructions stepbystep:ConfirmtheEAGLESoftwareLicenseAgreementbyclickingYes,ifyouagreewithit.Ifnot,youcanaborttheinstallationbyclickingtheNobutton.ThenextstepsetsuptheEAGLEinstallationdirectory.ByclickingNextyouacceptthesuggesteddirectory.ClicktheBrowsebuttonandyoumaychooseanyotherlocationfortheEAGLEdirectory.AfterconfirmingtheinstallationpaththefilesarecopiedintotheEAGLEdirectory.
AttheendyouwillbeaskedhowyouwanttolicenseEAGLE:
UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscasethefollowingdialogasksyouforthepathtoyourlicensefile(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.
RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwillbelicensedaslimitedLightEditionfortesting,fornoncommercialuseor forthepurposeof generatingmanufacturingdata.
Don'tlicensenowpostponesthelicensingonthefirstEAGLEstart.
TostartEAGLE,executebin/eagleintheinstallationdirectory.
TutorialandmanualinPDFfileformatarealsopartoftheinstallation.TheycanbefoundinthedocdirectoryoftheEAGLEinstallation.
DeletetheentireEAGLEdirectory,ifyouwanttouninstallEAGLE.
27
2 Installation
MacOSXEAGLEforMacOSXisavailableasUniversalBinaryandworksonPowerPCandonIntelbasedcomputers.TheinstallationarchiveiseitheronCDROM,orisstoredanywhereonyourcomputer,ifyoudownloadeditfromCadSoft'swebsite.
CDROM:PlacetheCDROMinthedrive.Afterashortdelaythe Finder shouldshowyou the content of the CDROM.Change into the MacOSXdirectory anddoubleclick the installation archive named eagle5.0.0.pkg. The versionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentEAGLEversion.
Downloadversion:Ifyouhavedownloadedthefilefromourwebserver,youwillseeaniconthatrepresentstheEAGLEarchivenamedeaglemac5.0.0.zip,dependingonwhereyoudownloadeditto;probablyonyourdesktop.Doubleclickthisiconandthearchivewill beextractedautomatically.Anewfolder iconnamedeaglemac5.0.0.pkgwillappearontheDesktopnow.Clickitwiththemouseandtheinstallationroutinestarts.Theversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrentEAGLEversion.
Now theactual installation process starts. Followthe instructions step bystep:
ConfirmtheEAGLESoftwareLicenseAgreementbyclickingContinue,ifyouagreewithit.Ifnot,youcanaborttheinstallationbyclickingthe Gobackbutton.ThenextstepsetsuptheEAGLEdestinationfolderandpossiblyadestinationvolume.Byclicking Continue youacceptthesuggesteddirectory.ClicktheChoosebuttonandyoumayselectanyotherlocationfortheEAGLEfolder.After confirmingthe installationpath thefiles arecopied into theEAGLEfolder.
After finishingthe installationyouareabletostartEAGLEbyclickingtheEAGLEiconintheFinder'sApplications/EAGLEentry.
WhilestartingEAGLEforthefirst time,youwill beaskedhowtolicenseEAGLE:
UseLicensediskThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscasethefollowingdialogasksyouforthepathtoyourlicensefile(probablyonCDROM)andforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichcanbefoundonyourLicenseCertificate.
RunasFreewareThismeansthatEAGLEwillbelicensedaslimitedLightEditionfortesting,fornoncommercial useorforthepurposeofgeneratingmanufacturingdata.
28
2.2 New Installations
TutorialandmanualinpdffileformatarealsopartoftheinstallationandarelocatedinthedocfolderoftheEAGLEinstallation.
Deletethe Applications/EAGLE entryinthe Finder,ifyouwanttouninstallEAGLE.
2.3 UpdatinganOlderVersionForreasonsofsafetyitisgoodpracticetocreateabackupofyourpreviousdatabeforeproceeding!
Please read the file update.txt in the EAGLE/doc directory, in order tofamiliarize yourself with the changes in the newversion of theprogram.AdditionalnotesoninstallinganupdatemaybefoundinthelatestREADMEfiles.
You should follow the same procedure described in the section on NewInstallationsonpage25.ThenewEAGLEreleasewillbeinstalledintoanewfolderwithitssubfoldersforLibraries,Scriptfiles,UserLanguageProgramsandsoon.
AfterstartingEAGLEforthefirsttime,pleasecheckthepathsettingsintheControlPanel'sOptions/Directories..menu.ThepathsettingsaretakenfromtheEAGLEconfigurationfileeaglerc(.usr),ifexisting, froma previous EAGLE version installed. Modify the settings ifnecessary.Thevariable$EAGLEDIRstandsforthecurrentEAGLEinstallationdirectory.
NotesonLibraryFilesAllfilesfrompreviousversionscanbeusedwiththenewEAGLEversion.Please check which library files are in use, and available for the ADDcommand.TomakesurethatyouareworkingwiththoseofthenewEAGLEversionyoushould,forexampleintheSchematicEditor,typethefollowingcommandinthecommandline
USE -*Thisremovesalllibrariesfromthebuffer.Thentype
USE *toloadalllibrariesofthecurrentlygivendirectoryorotherdirectories.Theinformationaboutlibraries inuse isstoredinthe eagle.epf fileof thecurrentlyactiveproject.
IfyouhaveaddednewDevicestoexistinglibraries,youshouldrenameandcopytheselibrariestoaseparatefoldertoavoidoverwriting,muddlingupfileswithnewerorolderones,andintheworstcaseloosingyourworkpriortoupdating.ThissameruleholdstrueforULPsandScriptfilesaswell.
29
2 Installation
InCaseofChangesintheFileDataStructureIncaseofanupdatewhereitwasnecessarytochangethefiledatastructure,itmaybewisetosaveyourownlibraryfilesfromtheearlierversioninthenew EAGLE. Expanding the tree view's library preview or showing alllibrariesbythefirstADDcommandcauseadditionaltimeinscreenupdateviewing,dependingonyourcomputerspeed.EAGLEhastoupdatethefilestemporarilytothenewfileformatbeforeshowingthelibraries'contents.
Incaseyouhavealotoffiles,thereisaquickandcomfortablewaytosolvethisissue.Youneedtwotoolstoachievethis:TheUserLanguageProgram runloopalllbrscript.ulpandaScriptfilethatcontainsoneline:
WRITE;EditoneofthelibraryfilesthatshallbeupdatedandstarttheULP.YouwillbeaskedfortheScriptfiletobeexecuted,thenalllibrarieswhichareinthesamedirectorywillbeupdated.
Filesfromearlierversionscanbeuseddirectlywiththecurrentone.IncasethefilesweremadewithaversionpriortoEAGLE2.60youhaveto convertthemwithaprogramnamedUpdate26.exe.Detailedinformation aboutthiscanbefoundonpage301.
2.4 ChangingorExtendingtheLicenseIf you are changing your license you will receive a new User License Certificate with a new installation code together with a data mediumcontainingthenewlicensefile.
RunEAGLE,andselect the item Product Registration in theControlPanelundertheHelpmenu.Youwillnowbeaskedforthepathtothelicense.keyfile. Choose itandthentype inthesecondlineyourpersonal installationcode.ThenclickOK.
30
TheLicenseDialog
2.4 Changing or Extending the License
Theprogramhasnowbeenrelicensed.Youcancallupthelicensedataatany time in the EAGLE Control Panel by means of the Help/Product Informationmenu.
ThismethodalsoallowsyoutoupgradeanalreadyinstalledFreewarewithaProfessionalEdition,forexample.
2.5 MultipleUserLicensesMultipleuserlicensesmaybeinstalledseparatelyondifferentcomputers,ormaybeusedinanetworkwithinthescopeofthelicenseconditions.Theinstallationprocedureinanetworkisgenerallythesameasthatonastandalone computer, and is described in the section on New Installations onpage25.
NotesforInstallinginaNetworkTheuserrightsofmultipleuserlicensesdifferfromthoseofthesingleuserversion.Thesoftwareitselfdoesnotcontainanyspecialnetworkmechanism,andcanthereforebeusedonmostnetworks.
Atypicalinstallationmaybeperformedasthefollowing:
TheEAGLEprogramisinstalledonaserver.
Library,design,ULP,projectandotherdirectoriescanbefreelychosen.
After installation, EAGLE is started and licensed from one of theworkstations.ThisrequireswriteaccessinthesubdirectorybinoftheEAGLEdirectory. The license file eagle.key that has been created is not changedagainaftertheinstallation.Writeaccessisnolongerrequired.
EAGLEcannowbecalledfromalltheotherworkstations.PleaseensurethatalltheworkstationscallEAGLEinthesamewayaswasusedwhenlicensing.
Aprivateworkingdirectory(localoronthenetwork)cannowbesetupforeachcomputer.Auserspecificconfigurationfile(eaglerc.usrunderWindows,or .eaglerc underLinuxorMacOSX)is locatedinthisdirectory. Furthersubdirectoriescanthen,forinstance,containindividualprojects.
Alternatively it is possible for each computer on which EAGLE is to beavailabletohaveaseparatelicense.Inthiscase,copytheeagle.keyfilethatwascreatedintheEAGLEprogramdirectory(eagle/bin)intothecomputer'sprivate working directory. When first starting the program, enter theinstallationcodeandthepathtothelicensefilelicense.key.Thisprocedureisrecommended,forinstance,formultipleuserlicensesfor3to5userswhowillonlyworkatspecificcomputers.
Innetwork situations it issuggestedthatallusers accessonelocationforLibrary,ULP,Script,etc.Thisshouldbeasinglenetworklocationfolder.ThisprecautionisrecommendedbecauseanycustomDevice,ULP,Scriptcreatedbyoneusercannowbeutilizedbytheentireteam.
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2 Installation
SpecialInstructionsUnderWindows
PathInformationIt hasbeenfoundtobehelpful tousetheserver namesin UNCnotationwhengivingthepathforcallingEAGLE,rather thanthedriveletters. Forexample:
\\netservername\eagle\bin\eagle.exe
DifferentOperatingSystemsattheWorkingComputersIfnetworkcomputershavingdifferentWindowssystemsareinuse,itisfirstnecessarytoperformaninstallationasdescribedabove.
Thefollowingsituationcanarise:Allthecomputersthatareusing,forinstance,WindowsXPcanrunEAGLE.Computers with Windows 2000, however, cannot. In order to beable tooperate the computers running Windows 2000 as well, copy the fileseagle.exeandeagle.key,locatedintheeagle\bindirectoryontheserver,to,forinstance, eaglexp.exe and eaglexp.key.NowstartallthecomputersthatrunWindowsXP,usingthecommand
EAGLEXPThenstartEAGLEfromacomputerwithWindows2000,andlicenseitagainwiththeinstallationcodeandthelicenseCDROM.Theeagle.keyfileisthenvalidforalltheWindows2000computers.Theprogramisrunwith
EAGLEYou need write authorization for the eagle\bin directory to perform thecopyingandlicensing!
32
Chapter3EAGLEModulesandEditions
3.1 EAGLEModulesAnumberofEAGLEeditionsareoffered.YoucanaddanAutorouterModuleand/oraSchematicEditortotheLayoutEditor.AstandaloneSchematicEditorcanbeusedfordrawingwiringdiagrams.Inthiscaseyouwon'tneedtheLayoutEditor.Theuserinterfaceisidenticalforallpartsoftheprogram.
TheLayoutEditorTheLayoutEditor,whichallowsyoutodesignPrintedCircuitBoards(PCBs)comeswiththeLibraryEditor, theComputer AidedManufacturing(CAM)Processor, and the Text Editor. With the Library Editor you can alreadydesignPackages (footprints), Symbols andDevices (for a schematic). TheCAMProcessor is the program which generates the output data for theproductionofthePCB(e.g.Gerberordrillfiles).ItisalsopossibletouseUserLanguageprogramsandScriptfiles.
SchematicEditorThe Schematic Editor without Layout Editor is applicable for drawingelectrical wiring diagrams (connection scheme, contact plans...). TheSchematicEditorcomes,aswellastheLayoutEditor,withthefullLibraryEditorfordesigningSymbolsfortheSchematicandPackagesfortheLayout,withtheCAMProcessor,andtheTextEditor.YoucanalsouseUserLanguageprogramsandScriptfiles.
IfyouwanttodrawSchematicdiagramsforelectronicsystemsyoushouldhaveSchematicandLayout Editor. Youcangeneratetheassociatedcircuitboardatanytimewithamouseclick.EAGLEthenchangestotheLayoutEditor,wherethepackagesareplacednexttoanemptyboardconnectedviaairwires(rubberbands).FromhereyoucangoondesigningwiththeLayoutEditorasusual.SchematicandlayoutareautomaticallykeptconsistentbyEAGLE (Forward&Back Annotation). Schematic diagrams can consist of amaximum of 999 sheets in the Professional Edition (99 sheets in the
33
3 EAGLE Modules and Editions
Standard Edition). On the left side of the Schematic Editor window thepreviewofthesheetsisdisplayed.
AutorouterYoucanroutetheairwiresautomaticallyifyouowntheAutoroutermodule.Youcan choose single nets, groups of nets or all nets for the automaticrouting pass. The program will handle various network classes havingdifferenttrackwidthsandminimumclearances.
3.2 DifferentEditionsEAGLEoffers various performance/price categories (editions) called Light,Standard,and Professional.ThefacilitiesmentionedinthismanualalwaysrefertotheProfessionaledition.
ProfessionalEdition
General maximumdrawingarea64x64inches resolution1/10,000mm(0.1microns) mmorinchgrid upto255drawinglayers command(Script)files ClikeUserLanguagefordataexportandimportandthe
realizationofselfdefinedcommands
easylibraryediting compositionofselfdefinedlibrarieswithalreadyexisting
elementsbyDrag&Drop
easygenerationofnewPackagevariantsfromotherlibrariesbyDrag&Drop
freerotationofpackagevariants(0.1degreesteps) librarybrowserandpowerfulcomponentsearchfunction technologysupport(e.g.74L00,74LS00..) Easydefinitionoflabelleddrawingframes freedefinableattributes,applicableforDevicesintheLibrary
andinSchematicorLayout
integratedPDFdataexportfunction exportfunctionforgraphicfiles(BMP,TIF,PNG...) printoutsviatheOS'sprinterdriverswithprintpreview
partlistgenerationwithdatabasesupport(bom.ulp)
34
3.2 Different Editions
Drag&DropintheControlPanel contextmenuwithobjectspecificcommandsforallobjects,available
througharightmouseclick
propertiesofobjectscanbeaccessedandeditedviacontextmenu automaticbackupfunction
LayoutEditor fullSMDsupport supportofBlindandBuriedvias rotationofobjectsinarbitraryangles(0.1degreesteps) componentscanbelockedagainstmoving textscanbeplacedinanyorientation dynamiccalculationofsignallineswhileroutingthelayout trackscanbelayedoutwithroundedcornersinanyradius miteringtosmoothwirejoints DesignRuleCheckforboardlayouts(checkse.g.overlaps,
measuresofpadsortracks)
copperpouring(groundplains) Packagevariantssupport userdefinable,freeprogrammableUserLanguagetogeneratedatafor
mountingmachines,testequipments,millingmachinesoranyotherdataformat
outputofmanufacturingdataforpenplotters,photoplottersanddrillingmachineswiththeCAMProcessor
SchematicEditor upto999sheetsperschematic iconpreviewforsheets sortingschematicsheetsbyDrag&Drop crossreferencesfornets automaticgenerationofcontactcrossreferences simplecopyingofparts replacefunctionforpartswithoutlossofconsistencybetween
schematicandlayout
OnlineForward&BackAnnotationbetweenschematicandboard automaticboardgeneration automaticgenerationofsupplysignals ElectricalRuleCheck(errorcheckintheSchematicandconsistency
checkbetweenSchematicandLayout)
35
3 EAGLE Modules and Editions
AutorouterModule fullyintegratedintobasicprogram usesthesetofDesignRulesyoudefinedforthelayout changebetweenmanualandautomaticroutingatanytime ripup&retryalgorithm userdefinablestrategy(bycostfactors) routinggriddownto0.8mil(0.02mm) noplacementrestrictions upto16signallayers(withuserdefinablepreferreddirections) upto14supplylayers fullsupportofBlindandBuriedvias takesintoconsiderationvariousnetclasses
StandardEditionComparedtotheProfessionalEditionthefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheStandardEditionintheLayoutEditor:
Thelayoutareaisrestrictedtoamaximumof160x100mm(about6.3x3.9inches).OutsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacePackagesanddrawsignals.
Amaximumnumberof4signallayersareallowed(top,bottom,and2innerlayer).
Aschematiccanconsistofamaximumof99sheets.
LightEditionThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheEAGLELightVersion,whichisavailableasFreeware(fortestingandevaluation):
Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches).OutsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacePackagesanddrawsignals.
Onlytwosignallayerscanbeused(noinnerlayers). Aschematiccanconsistofonlyonesinglesheet.
Largerlayoutsandschematicscanbeprintedwiththesmallereditions.TheCAMprocessorcangeneratemanufacturingdataaswell.
36
Chapter4AFirstLookatEAGLE
4.1 TheControlPanelThe Control Panel normally appears after starting EAGLE, and this is theprogram'scontrolcenter.AllthefilesspecifictoEAGLEaremanagedhere,and some basic settings can be made. It is similar to the familiar filemanagersusedbyawidevarietyofapplicationsandoperatingsystems.EachEAGLEfileisdisplayedinthetreeviewbymeansofasmallsymbol.
Acontextmenuisopenedbyclickingwiththemouseonanentryinthetreeview. Thisallowsyou,dependingon theobject, tocarry outavariety ofactions(rename,copy,print,open,createnewetc.).
The Control Panel supports Drag&Drop. This can also be done betweendifferentprograms.Youcan,forinstance,copyfiles,movethem,orcreatelinksonthedesktop.UserLanguageprogramsorscriptfilesthatarepulledwiththeaidofthemouseoutoftheControlPanelandintoaneditorwindoware started automatically. If, for instance, youpull a board file with themouseintotheLayoutEditor,thefileisopened.
Thetreestructureprovidesaquickoverviewofthelibraries,DesignRules,UserLanguageprograms,scriptfiles,CAMjobsandprojects.Speciallibraries,text,manufacturinganddocumentationfilescanbelongtoaprojectaswellasschematicdiagramsandlayouts.
Thefirsttimeitiscalled,theControlPanelwillappearverymuchasshowninthefollowingdiagram.Ifanobjectisselectedinthetreeview, furtherrelevantinformationisdisplayedintherighthandpartofthewindow.
SimplyclickontovariousfoldersandfilesinordertoexperimentwiththeControlPanel'sfacilities.
37
4 A First Look at EAGLE
LibrarySummaryThe possibility of displaying the contents of the libraries is particularlyinteresting.ItprovidesaveryrapidoverviewoftheavailableDevices.
Expandthe Libraries entry, andyoucanseetheavailablelibraries. IntheDescriptionfieldyoucanseeabriefdescriptionofthecontents.Ifalibraryisselected,youwill seemoreextensive informationaboutthe library intherighthandpartoftheControlPanel.Ifyouthenexpandalibraryentrynow,the contents will be displayed together with a short description of eachelement.DevicesandPackagesaremarkedwithasmallicon.
Nowselect,forexample,aDevice:ThedescriptionoftheDeviceandagraphicalrepresentationofitappearontheright. TheavailablePackageandtechnologyvariantsarelisted. IfyouclickontooneofthePackageversions,thePackagepreviewshownabovewillchange.
IfaSchematicEditorwindowisopen,theentryADDwillbeshownrightofthevariantname.ClickitandtheDeviceisattachedtothemousecursorassoonasitisovertheSchematicEditorwindow.Nowyoucandropitintheschematic.
If you are only working with the Layout Editor, this will of course alsooperatewithPackages.Itis,additionally,possibletodragaDevicefromthetree view into a schematic diagram and to place it there by means of
38
ControlPanel:Ontheright,thedescriptionoftheRCLlibrary
4.1 The Control Panel
Drag&Drop.IfithasmorethanonePackageversion,theADDdialogopensautomatically,sothatthedesiredPackagecanbeselected.
Thegreenmarkerbehindthelibraryentryindicatesthatthislibraryisinuse.Thismeansthatitcanbeusedinthecurrentproject.DevicesinthislibrarywillbeexaminedbythesearchfunctionintheADDdialogoftheschematicdiagramorof the layout. This makes themavailable for theproject. Thelibrarywillnotbeexaminedifthemarkingisgray.
IfstartingEAGLEwithoutaproject(noeagle.epffileisread,theprojecthasbeenclosedbeforeexitingEAGLElasttime)andcreatinganewproject( File/New/Project) all libraries will be in use automatically. However,openinganalreadyexistingproject,whereonlycertainlibrariesare inusebeforecreatingthenewproject,willadoptthisselection.
IftheLibraryEditorwindowisopenyoucanDrag&DropacompleteDevicesetorPackagedefinitionfromtheControlPanelintothelibrarywindow.Thiswayyoucancopyitfromonelibraryintoanother.
ControlPanel:LibrarysummarywithDeviceview
DesignRulesSpecialDesignRulescanbespecifiedinEAGLEtogoverntheboarddesign.Thesecanbesavedasdatasetsinspecialfiles(*.dru).
39
4 A First Look at EAGLE
Theparameterset that is togovernthecurrentproject isspecifiedintheDesignRules branchofthetreeview.IfnodatahasbeenprovidedfortheDesign Rules (DRCcommand),EAGLEwill itself provideparameters. Themarkingtotherightofthefileentryspecifiesthedefaultparametersetforthecurrentproject.Thelayoutwill becheckedbytheDRCinaccordancewiththesecriteria.FurtherinformationabouttheDRCandtheDesignRulesisfoundstartingonpage128.
UserLanguagePrograms,Scripts,CAMJobsTheseentries showthe contents of the ulp, scr and cam directories. TheycontainvariousUserLanguageprograms(*.ulp),scriptfiles(*.scr)andCAMjobs(*.cam)fortheoutputofdatausingtheCAMProcessor.IfoneofthesefilesisselectedintheControlPanel,youwillseeafulldescriptionofthefile.
The paths can be set by means of the Options/Directories menu. This isdiscussedinmoredetaillaterinthischapter.
ProjectsThevariousprojectsare managedfromtheControlPanel.AclickontotheProjects entrydisplaysvariousfolders.ThesearelocatedunderthepathsetunderOptions/Directories/Projects.Itisallowedtodefinemorethanonepaththere.
Aprojectusuallyconsistsofafolderwhichrepresentstheprojectbyitsnameandtheproject'sconfigurationfile eagle.epf.Thefolderusuallycontainsallfiles that belong to your project, for example, schematic and board file,speciallibraryfiles,scriptfilesandsoon.
Projectdirectoriesthatcontaintheprojectfileeagle.epfwillbemarkedwitharedfoldericon.'Normal'folderswillbemarkedwithayellowicon.
TheprojecttobeeditedisselectedintheProjectsbranch.Ontherightoftheproject'snameyouwillfindamarkerwhichiseithergrayorgreen.Withthehelpof this marker one canopenor closeprojects. Clicking ontoagraymarker,loadstheproject.Themarkerappearsgreennow.Clickingontothegreenmarkeragainorclickingontoanothergraymarkerclosesthecurrentprojectrespectivelyopensanotherprojectafterclosingthecurrentone.Thiswayonecanswitcheasilyfromoneprojecttoanother.
WhileclosingaprojectthesettingsofthecurrentlyopenedEditorwindowswill bestoredinthecorrespondingprojectfile eagle.epf,providedthattheoptionAutomaticallysaveprojectfileissetintheOptions/Backupmenu.
IftheprojectfilewasgeneratedbyanotherEAGLEversionthancurrentlyused,youwillbeasked,ifitisallowedtooverwritethefile.
Newprojectsare createdbyclickingtherightmousebuttonontoafolderentry in this branch. A context menuopenswhichpermits newfiles anddirectoriestobecreatedandtheindividualprojectstobemanaged.
40
4.1 The Control Panel
SelectingtheoptionNew/Projectinvokesanewfolderwhichhastobegiventheproject'stitle.Theprojectfileeagle.epfwillbecreatedautomatically.
YoucanalsousetheFile/Open/ProjectortheFile/New/Projectmenutoopenorcreateanewproject.
Thecontext menucontainsthe Edit Description item.Adescriptionoftheprojectcanbeenteredhere,andthisisthendisplayedintheDescriptionbox.
MenuBarTheControlPanelallowsvariousactionstobeexecutedandsettingsmadethroughpulldownmenusthatareexplainedbelow.
FileMenuTheFilemenucontainsthefollowingitems:
NewCreatesanewlayout(board),schematic,library,CAMjob,ULP,scriptortextfile.TheProjectoptioncreatesanewproject.Thisinitiallyconsistssimplyofanewdirectoryinwhichthefilesforanewprojectarehandled.Thesewillconsist asarule of theschematicdiagramandlayout, possiblyof special
41
Contextmenuforprojectmanagement
4 A First Look at EAGLE
libraries,scriptfiles,UserLanguageprograms,documentationfilesetc.andofthefileeagle.epf,inwhichprojectspecificsettingsarestored.
ThedefaultdirectoriesforthevariousfiletypesaredefinedintheOptions/Directoriesmenu.
CAMjobsaredefinitionsforgeneratingoutputdatawhicharecreatedwiththeCAMProcessor.
Script and ULP files are text files containing command sequences in theEAGLE command language or the EAGLE User Language. They can becreatedandeditedwiththeEAGLETextEditor,orwithanyothertexteditor.
OpenOpensanexistingfileofthetypesmentionedabove.
OpenrecentprojectsListsrecentlyusedprojects.
SaveallAllchangedfilesaresaved.Thecurrentsettingsfortheprojectaresavedinthefileeagle.epf.
Closep