Surface Warfare Center Division
Dry Filter Unit (DFU)Dry Filter Unit (DFU)OverviewOverview
Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren DivisionNaval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division
Surface Warfare Center Division
AgendaAgenda
BW Agents and Threat
DFU Overview
HHA/DoD Biological Sampling Kit Overview
DFU Detection and Reliability
CONOPS
Issues
Summary
Surface Warfare Center Division
Biological Weapon AgentsBiological Weapon Agents
Surface Warfare Center Division
Biological Agent WeaponizationBiological Agent Weaponization
Surface Warfare Center Division
BW Agents: Bacteria, Rickettsia, VirusesBW Agents: Bacteria, Rickettsia, Viruses
Surface Warfare Center Division
BW Agents: ToxinsBW Agents: Toxins
Surface Warfare Center Division
Biological Warfare ThreatBiological Warfare Threat
Most Efficient and Likely Means of Delivering a BW Agent to Target Is in Form of an Aerosol
Aerosols Can Be Delivered on Target Without Any Indication of Their Presence
Enemy Is Unlikely to Send Warning Prior to Delivery
Aerosol Sampling/Collection and Identification Is the Only Means of Determining the Presence of an Aerosol
Surface Warfare Center Division
Dry Filter UnitDry Filter Unit
Biological Air Sampler
Collect and Concentrate Biological Particulates From Ambient Air
Ambient Air Drawn Through 1 Micron Polyester Felt Filter at the Rate of ~ 1000 Liters/min Via Electrical Blower
Human Breathing Rate ~ 15 Liters/min ( DFU “Breathes” ~ 67 X More Particles)
Recommend Collection Time: 1-12 Hours
Filter Placed Into Buffer Solution, Shaken to Extract Particles, and Analyzed Using HHA for Presumptive Identification of BW Agents
Detection Sensitivity of DFU/HHA System: 20-35 ACPLA Minutes
ACPLA = Agent-Containing-Particle-Per-Liter-Air
Well Characterized for Anthrax and Bg (Simulant)
Additional Testing Being Conducted for Other Agents
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU Functional DiagramDFU Functional Diagram
Filter (Concentrates Particles)
Flow (Q)= Velocity (V) x Area (A)Flow= 1000 liters/min (28 cfm)
Intake Exhaust
Airborne Particles
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU Filter ExtractionDFU Filter Extraction
Filter
Buffer Solution
Filter in Buffer
Solution
Filter and Particlesin Buffer Solution
After “Quick Shake” Extraction
Surface Warfare Center Division
Suspect Agent
Collect Sample PrepPresumptive Identification
Confirmatory Sample
4-5 ml sample
1-12 hours 15 min2 min
Filter Disk and Accessories
HHA
DFU 1000
DFU Operational ConceptDFU Operational Concept
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU Specifications DFU Specifications FEATURES BENEFITS
High Volume Sampling @ 1000 L/min with 1-micron Polyester Felt Filter
Effective Collection of Low Concentration Aerosol Conditions
Portable, Self Contained Unit One-Person Portable Carrying Case
Collects Bio-Particulates from Ambient Air
Effectively Captures 1 Micron and Larger Particles
Size- 15” (H) x 13” (W) x 13” (D) Compatible with Standard Bio Analytical Techniques (e.g. HHAs, ELISA, PCR, etc.)
Weight- 42 Lbs. (with 10’ Cord & Air Silencer)
Everything Needed for Sampling is On-Board
Simple to Operate Minimal Training (15 Minutes) & Maintenance Required
Successfully Tested at Edgewood, MD and the ABT Facility in Columbus, OH
Rated for Continuous Duty (40,000 hour life) and Completely Weather Tight
5.6 Amps @ 120 VAC (23 Amps Startup) 120 VAC Power
Common Power Source
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU 1000 DFU 1000
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU 1000 ComponentsDFU 1000 Components
Air Outlet
Filter
Filter AssemblyInlet Stack
Lid
Latch
Casing
Warning Labels
Power Connection
Power Connection Cover
Exhaust Hose
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU KitDFU Kit
Surface Warfare Center Division
Hand Held Assay (HHA)Hand Held Assay (HHA)
Provides Presumptive ID of BW Agents in Suspect Samples
Same Format as Home Pregnancy Test
Simple Operation, Inexpensive, Single Use
Results in 15 Minutes
Reliable
Rigorous QA/QC Testing
Low False Positive Rate
Presumptive ID Component in Currently Fielded and Developmental Joint BW Detection Systems (Portal Shield, JBPDS, DoD Biological Detection System, DFU)
Shelf Life: 2 Years at Refrigerated Temperatures (4°C)
Do Not Freeze
Panel of 8 HHAs
Surface Warfare Center Division
Presumptive ID of BW Agents: Contamination Detection After a BW Attack Quick Screen of Suspect Packages/Samples (Analogous to M8
Paper) Contents
Panel of 8 HHAs (10 Available) Conical Tube Containing:
• Bottle of Buffer Solution
• Sterile Cotton Swabs Basic Instructions
Cost: $52 Good Shelf Life One-Time Use Only Training Kits and Interactive Training CD-ROM Available
DoD Biological Sampling KitDoD Biological Sampling Kit
DOD DOD
Biological SamplingBiological Sampling
Kit Kit
Training CD-ROM
Used by Capitol Police to Positively Identify Senator Daschle Letter! Used by Capitol Police to Positively Identify Senator Daschle Letter!
Never Used as the Sole Basis for Agent IdentificationNot for Diagnostic Use
Surface Warfare Center Division
Biological Detection CONOPSBiological Detection CONOPS
Threat and Risk Assessment
Sampling Location(s)
Sampling Frequency
Collection Time
Sample Preparation
Presumptive Identification (HHA)
Information Management/Decision Authority
Confirmatory Sample Transportation/Testing (PCR)
Operational Modes
Surface Warfare Center Division
Threat and Risk AssessmentThreat and Risk Assessment
Geographical Location
Intelligence
Force Protection Condition
Weather Conditions
Threat Identification (Specifics)
Delivery Mechanisms
Ship Vulnerabilities
Credible Risk Scenarios
Countermeasures
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU CONOPSDFU CONOPS
The DFU/HHA System Will Be Employed in Order to Provide Biological Sampling and Presumptive Identification Capability
Can Provide “Detect to Treat” Capability
Operational Concept Will Depend On:
Geographical Location
Threat Condition
Vulnerability
Contamination Avoidance Phase (Pre, Initial, Post Involvement)
Weather Conditions
Commander Discretion
Operational Locations :
Base Camp
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU OperationsDFU Operations
External Sampling
Dry Filter Units should be placed in locations where there will be a high concentration of agents in the event of an attack
Easy access for retrieving filters for analysis
1-12 hour collection time/analysis cycle
Internal Sampling
Dry Filter Units should be placed in vicinity under suspicion
Compartments receiving outside supplies
Mission critical spaces
1-12 hour collection time/analysis cycle
Sampling Frequency/Collection Time
I, II, III, IV Operational Modes
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU Operational ModesDFU Operational Modes
Guidelines for Sampling Frequency and Collection Times
I – Area of Known or Suspected Biological Threat
II - Area of Known or Possible Biological Threat
III - Biological Attack Probable
IV - Biological Attack Imminent/Post Attack/Decon
0000 1200 2400
0000 1200 240018000600
0000 0600 1200 1800 2400
0000 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 2400
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU 1000 Operating ProceduresDFU 1000 Operating Procedures
Setup/Installation
Filter Preparation
Collection
Retrieve Filters
Sample Preparation
Presumptive Identification Testing (HHAs)
DFU 1000 Operators Manual
Surface Warfare Center Division
DFU IssuesDFU Issues
SEC
How many DFUs?
Where to install them?
Sampling Schedule?
Logistics
Storage of HHAs (Refrigeration) and DFU Kits
Personnel
Training
Decon of Equipment
Surface Warfare Center Division
SummarySummary
BW Threat to US Forces is Real
DFUs/HHAs (Coupled with Confirmatory Analysis) Offer Best Available BW Detection Capability
Inexpensive
Easy to Use
Reliable
Available Immediately – Units Fielded and in Production