Escenarios sostenibles para
Jamaica y El Caribe
and
Caribbean Association of Sustainable
Energy Professionals (CASEP)
Stephen L. N. H. Rhoden, PHD. RHO-ENERGY CONSULTING LLC
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
E-mail: [email protected]
November 17th 2016
Sustainable Development Consulting
Subject matter experts (SME) specializing in delivering customized sustainable development solutions.
- Grant funding access
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Energy and water auditing
- Sustainability consulting
- Battery and backup power
- Solar/ photo-voltaic power
- Electrolysis
- Co-generation from solid oxide and/or polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- Gas-electric turbine power cogeneration
- Potable water, water treatment and hydrodynamics
WHO is RHO-ENERGY?
2 https://jm.linkedin.com/in/stephenrhodenphd
What are the challenges?
Why consider sustainability?
Types of sustainable solutions
The connection between energy and water
Possible applications
Conclusion
Outline
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Sustainability: Not Just For Developed Countries Anymore
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Pico Duarte, San Juan, Dominican Republic
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Low equivalent weight Friedel-Crafts cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)
Stephen L. N. H. Rhoden, Clovis A. Linkous, Nahid Mohajeri; Journal of Membrane Science 376 (1-2) (2011)
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Smog - Taj Mahal India
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Taj Mahal, India
8 http://www.jamentrust.org/
Highlights of Jamaica Environmental Trust (JAMENT) Petition
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We call on the Government of Jamaica to:
• Refuse this proposal to construct a 1000MW coal-fired power plant
in Jamaica
• Abide by their commitments to the Paris Agreement of December
2015, which requires phased reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
• Continue the transition to a new energy future for Jamaica as
outlined in many government documents, including the National
Energy Policy 2009 and Vision 2030, which emphasise energy
conservation, renewables and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a
transitional fuel for Jamaica.
Our target for this petition is 20,000 signatures and it will be delivered
to the Government of Jamaica on October 31, 2016.
Readily available
Fuel flexible (especially at higher temperatures)
LNG, CNG, Gasoline, Diesel, JP8….....
Low efficiency
High pollutant emissions (renewables reuse)
Renewables have low power densities (upgrades are coming)
High noise (more moving parts than most renewables)
Why Fool with Fossil Fuel? (Why Fuel with Fossil Fool?)
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GHG Reduction and Energy Efficiency Go Hand-in-Hand
Priorities:
People
System Design
Efficiency Resilience
Hydropower Fuel cells*
Solar photovoltaic Wind farms Thermal Solar Ocean Geo
Biofuel Waste-to-Energy Agricultural biomass Municipal waste incineration Landfill gas incineration
Sustainability Options
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Jamaica’s Energy: Old Prospects New Resources, Raymond M. Wright, PhD. 1996
*Sustainable Fuel Cell Scenarios for the Caribbean, Clovis Linkous, PhD., Stephen L. Rhoden, 2007
Wigton Wind Farms, Manchester Jamaica - 62.7 MW
Taum Sauk,
Missouri, U.S.A. - 450 MW
GES Content Solar,
Clarendon, Jamaica – 20 MW
Hydrogen for Cooking
13 Instagram: @rhod_energy
WATER – ENERGY NEXUS
Utilities - Average energy cost
per delivered volume of water
+ (some $$$$)
Countries with elevation, even a little, can convert that Potential Energy to Electrical Energy
Rethinking the Connection Between Water and Energy
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Where is the Potable Water?
Water source Water volume (cubic miles)
Water volume (cubic Km)
Percent of total water
Percent of total freshwater
Ice caps, Glaciers, & Permanent snow
5,773,000 24,064,000 1.7% 68.7%
Total global freshwater
8,404,000 35,030,000 2.5% --
Water resources. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, ed. By S. H. Schneider, Oxford University Press, New York, vol. 2, pp.817-823, 1996
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Hydro Potential: A Case Study
16 Study on the importance of harnessing the hydropower resources of the world; J. Maríusson, L. Thorsteinsson, 2000; Eurelectric.
Ideality 1. Gross potential if all runoff is developed to sea level with no loss: 5.8 TW
2. Exploitable potential, considering environmental and other restrictions: 5.1 TW
3. Economically viable potential, cost competitive with other sources: 4.6 TW
4. Technical potential, ignoring economic limitations: 4.4 TW
Reality 1. For technical feasibility, these same sources estimate 1.6–2.3 TW globally.
2. Economic feasibility (in today’s economic climate) drops this to 1.0–1.4 TW
Current Hydro Capacity Worldwide 0.4 TW
Storage Tanks
Dammed Hydro
Mountain and Other Run-Off
Civil Engineered Roads
Gully’s and Sewerage Systems
Rivers
Streams
Aquifers
Types of Hydroelectric Generators and Storage
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Taum Sauk,
Missouri, U.S.A.
Hydro Reality: Jamaica, Caribbean
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Montego Bay, Jamaica
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Meadows of Irwin, Montego Bay Jamaica
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~1500 Homes once
All Phases Complete
Activated Sludge Process Sewage Treatment Plant,
Potable Well and Water Tank
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Planned Hydro-Installation (How much dam energy do we need?)
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Sustainable Designs and Implementations
Energy Audit
Environmental Impact Assessment
Energy Management
Energy Efficiency
Reliability
Policy Offset:
206,000 kWh of Energy or
150 Metric Tons of CO2
https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator
Many types of Sustainable Solutions and Many
Applications!!
Energy and Water are Necessary for Life
Educating Ourselves and Population
Design with End Users as the Priority
Public and Private Partnerships
Conclusion: The Future is Bright!
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Caribbean Association of Sustainable Energy Professionals
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We are a group of women and men, who are committed to the
education, research, development and implementation of all
things sustainable!!
[email protected] (876.485.8961 or 876.790.6151)
Dominican Republic
Smart Villages: Cambridge Malaysian Education and Development Trust (CMEDT)
Universities of Cambridge and the University of Oxford
Templeton World Charity Foundation
Caribbean Association of Sustainable Energy Professionals (CASEP)
The University of Technology at Jamaica (UTech)
Caribbean Sustainable Energy and Innovation Institute (CSEII)
Can-Cara Development LLC and Can-Cara Environment LLC
RHO-Energy Consulting LLC
Gracias, Obrigado, Thank You!!
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APPENDIX: Physics of Hydroelectric Power
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• A mass, m, raised a height, h against gravity, g = 10 m/s², is given a
potential energy E = mgh.
• The result will be in Joules if the input is expressed in meters,
kilograms, and seconds (MKS, or SI units). Water has a density of ρ =
1000 kg/m³, so if we know how many cubic meters of water flow
through the dam/orifice each second (F), the power available to the
dam will be P = ηρFgh.
• We have inserted η to represent the efficiency of the dam—usually
around 90% (η≈0.90).