KINGDOM PROTISTA
• Made up of fungus-like, algae-like, plant-like or animal-like organisms
• Either single celled or multi-celled
• Can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic
• Mainly defined by what they are NOT: not bacteria, fungi, plants or animals
KINGDOM PROTISTA
• Fungus-like Protists: form filaments or stalks with spores (similar to fungi)
• Algae-like Protists: Autotrophs that perform photosynthesis
• Animal-like Protists (Protozoa): Heterotrophsthat consume other living cells or dead organic matter. – Many cause diseases such as amoebic dysentary
caused by Entamoeba histolytica
MODEL PROTIST
• Heterotrophic
• Widespread in freshwater, brackish and marine environments
• Easily cultivated; widely used in labs
KINGDOM FUNGI
• Heterotrophic organisms that recycle dead organic matter
• Grow from threadlike filaments called hyphae
• Cell walls made of chitin (same as insects)
KINGDOM FUNGI
• Some form symbiotic relationships with plants by taking in nutrients from roots
• Fungi reproduce asexually
• Representatives include:
–Mushrooms -Yeast
–Mildew -Truffles
–“Athletes foot” fungus -Bread Mold
KINGDOM PLANTAE
• Developed leaves for photosynthesis, stems for framework, roots for water/nutrient absorption
• Deciduous trees – shed leaves in response to seasonal changes
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
• All animals; multi-celled heterotrophic
• Cells organized into tissues
• Most reproduce sexually
• Cephalization – form a head and brain
• Bilateral Symmetry:Body divided into left
And right that mirror
Each other
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
• Undergo period of development in which three tissue layers (germ layers) form
• 1. Ectoderm (outer layer) – becomes skin and nervous system
• 2. Mesoderm (middle layer) – becomes blood and bone
• 3. Endoderm (inner layer) – becomes digestive system
• Coelom – fluid filled cavity forms to protect organs
KINGDOM ANIMALIAFrom Primitive Animals… …To More Complex Animals
Lives in water Adapted to live on land
Two cell layers: ectoderm and endoderm Three cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm,endoderm
No cephalization Cephalization, with brain and complex sensory organs
No bilateral or radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry, with well developed anterior end and posterior end
No coelem Coelem forms in the developing embryo
Unspecialized aggregations Cells in specialized groups called tissues, organs and organ systems
Basically immobile Mobile