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A Project on
DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING
Submitted in the partial requirement for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By
PRADNYA KUDAV
MONICA KULKARNI
ANUSHREE MAHAJAN
DARSHAN PASAD
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF P.N.GHATE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
A. C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI 410210
(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
A. C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI 410210
(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that following students have successfully completed the project synopsis on
DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING
In partial fulfillment of FINAL YEAR SEM VII in BACHELOR OF ELECTRONICS
ENGINEEERING
Conducted by University of Mumbai during the academic year 2012-2013 .
Submitted by:
PRADNYA KUDAV
MONICA KULKARNI
ANUSHREE MAHAJAN
DARSHAN PASAD
(Prof P. N.GHATE)
(Project Guide)
(Prof. V. N. Pawar) (Dr. D. G. Borse)
(Head of the Department) (Principal)
(External Examiner)
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DIGITAL ASSISTANCE
FOR SAFE DRIVING.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and privilege to be able to present this
project DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING.
The completion of a project is a milestone in a students life and its execution
is inevitable in the hands of the project guide. So we are highly indebted to our
project guide Prof. P.N.GHATE for his invaluable guidance and appreciation. It is
due to his enduring patience, efforts and enthusiasm which has given a sense of
direction and purposefulness to this project and ultimately made it a success.
We are grateful to our Head of Department Prof. V.N. Pawar for his constant
encouragement and guidance.
We would like to tender our sincere thanks to all the staff members for their co-
operation and kind help.
We are also thankful to the librarian, lab- technician and other non teaching
staff for their support and other information provided to us.
We would like to thank our friends and classmates who helped us every time when
needed.
It is highly impossible to repay the debt of all the people who have directly or
indirectly helped us in suggesting ideas for making our project better.
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ABSTRACT
This document gives the basic idea of the project DIGITAL ASSISTANCEFOR SAFE DRIVING and the literature survey done in accordance to that.
The sensors used in this project are a revolutionary technology in the field ofrevolution. The car supports features such as speed control in specific areas,collision detection, prohibits drink and drive, honking in silent zones, robbery of carand automatic brake system in traffic signal.
The technology used behind this project is GSM TECHNOLOGY. Thisproject can bring a drastic change in revolution.
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INDEX
Sr No Title Page No
1. Chapter 1. Introduction 7
2. Chapter 2. Literature Survey
2.1 Gsm Technology
2.2 Microcontroller
2.3 Sensors
2.4 Transmitter Reciever
10
10
11
16
3. Chapter 3. The Proposed System
3.1 System Block Diagram
3.2 Explanations Of Blocks
3.3 Features
18
18
19
20
4. Chapter 4. Conclusion 21
5. Chapter 5. References 22
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CHAPTER: 1
INTRODUCTION
The motor vehicle environment has gone virtually untouched by the
technology explosion of the past decade - especially the computer revolution. Except
for the use of microprocessors as an adjunct to pollution control and engine
management; technology has, for the most part, not effected the roadway
environment - automated traffic lights not withstanding.
Each year there are thousands of highway deaths and tens of thousands of serious
injuries due to "Run-Off-Road" accidents. Everything from simple driver
inattentiveness, to fatigue, to driving-while-impaired, are responsible.
The cost to the nation is the thousands of lives lost, and tens of millions of rupees.
This is a much more common cause of single vehicle fatalities than is generally
thought. The high profile multiple vehicle accidents--including large "eighteen
wheelers," capture the headlines. One very effective prevention to this needless
carnage, is the installation of so-called, "SPEED SENSOR" along the roadway
edge.
SPEED SENSOR are deeply inserted in road, they transmit the maximum
speed limit signal by Radio frequency waves .uC compares signal from road speed
limit signal with actual speed signal of car ,If vehicle speed is more then speed limit
signal generated from sensor embedded in road,then initially alarm is given & then
automatic brake is applied. In all but the most impaired driver, the response is
imminent and Life Saving! The long dreamed of, "Smart Highway," has not only
been technically feasible for sometime, but its time may be now. To enlist the
vehicle's existing computer for the added tasks involved in vehicle/highway interface
management, will put great computing power at the disposal of the entire IVHS
structure. There are two approaches: one would have smart vehicles operating
autonomously, with minimal centralized control or supervision; the other approach
would be an integrated tightly-coupled vehicle/highway interface. This latter
approach is composed of three elements: the "smart" vehicle, the centralizedauthority or "network" and the communication between them. The resulting
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homogeneity would strengthen any and all functions taken on by such a system: it
would be an entity that is greater than the sum of its parts. Surplus computing power
would always be available, improving data access and distribution; and speed in
evaluation and decision making (e.g., expert systems).
The various communications methods that might be brought to bear on such a
system all have their individual strengths and weaknesses: there seems to be no
single technology that has it all. However, among the contenders, the RF-wave,
approach appears to have the greatest advantages.
By the time the intelligent vehicle highway system, IVHS, starts to show up in those
urban areas where it is most needed, the motoring public - both commercial and
private - will not only except it, they will, most likely, welcome it .
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CHAPTER: 2
Literature Survey
2.1: GSM TECNOLOGY
Basic idea:
In 1982 CEPT in Europe took an initiative to improve mobile networks that
could lead its way to a profitable market.13 counties in Europe in 1987 signed anagreement for cellular roaming. European telecommunication standard took the
responsibility of launching first GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) in
1989.
It was in 1990 when first GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
came into existence. However in 1991 Radiolinja from Finland officially launched first
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) in the market. They were not alone
in the effort because building a GSM infrastructure requires huge finance initially.
Therefore they seek the cooperation of Ericcson. By the end of two years after its
operation GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) has million users in 48countries with almost 70 carriers.
What is GSM?
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed
to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.
GSM services:-
1. Tele-services2. Bearer or Data Services3. Supplementary services
Tele services:
Telecommunication services that enable voice communication
via mobile phones
- Offered services
- Mobile telephony
- Emergency calling
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Bearer services:
Include various data services for information transfer between GSM and
other networks like PSTN, ISDN etc at rates from 300 to 9600 bps
- Short Message Service (SMS)
- up to 160 character alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile
terminal
- Unified Messaging Services(UMS)
- Group 3 fax
- Voice mailbox
- Electronic mail
Supplementary services:
Call related services :
- Call Waiting- Notification of an incoming call while on the
handset
- Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call
- Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls
- Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined
by the user
- Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls together
- CLIP Caller line identification presentation
- CLIR Caller line identification restriction
- CUG Closed user group
Network structure:
1) Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile Equipment (ME)Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
2) Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
3) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
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Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Security in GSM:
1. On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of IMSI.2. SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM3. 3 algorithms are specified :
A3 algorithm for authentication
A5 algorithm for encryption
A8 algorithm for key generation
Application of GSM in our Project:
M11 GSM Modem is the ideal solution for voice, data, SMS and fax
communication, thanks to its industrial standard interfaces and integrated SIM card
reader. This ultra compact, dual-band GSM Terminal can be powered by a wide
range of voltages. It is R&TTE, GCF and E-marking approved. M11 GSM Modem is
housed in a casing similar to many boxed modems, indeed it will replace such
devices in a great number of applications.
The Global System for Mobile Communications Service is the most widely
adopted, digital cellular technology in use today. GSM uses time and frequency
division techniques (TDMA and FDMA) to optimize the call carrying capacity of awireless network. GSM also provides a number of carefully standardized and broadly
supported capabilities such as Short Message Service (SMS), circuit switched data
(CSD) and General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). Used on the 900 MHz and 1800
MHz frequencies in Europe, Asia and Australia, and the MHz 1900 frequency in
America.
2.2: MICROCONTROLLER
In this project we are use 89s51 micro controller
8051 MICRO CONTROLLER (89s51)
INTRODUCTION:
89S51 microcontrollers is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit micro
computer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM). The device ismanufactured using Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible withthe industry-standard 89S51 microcontrollers. Theon-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
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conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. Bycombining a versatile 8-bit CPU
with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel 89s51
Microcontroller is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexibleand cost-effectivesolution to many embedded control applications.
FEATURES OF 89S51 MICROCONTROLLERS:
The 89s51 microcontrollers provides the following standard features: 8k bytes
of flash,256 bytes of ram, 32 i/o lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-
level interruptarchitecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock
circuitry. In addition,the 89s51 Microcontroller is designed with Static Logic for
operation down to zero frequencyand supports two software selectable power savingmodes. The idle mode stops the CPU whileallowing the ram, timer/counters, serial
port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the
RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chipfunctions until next
Reset.
PIN DIAGRAM:
Pin description
VCC
- Supply voltage.
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GND
- Ground.
Port0
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each
pincan sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 0 pins, the pins can be
used ashigh impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed
low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory.
Port1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 outputbuffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are
pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins
that
Port2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 2 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are
pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins
thatare externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal
pull-ups.Port2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external
program memoryand during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit
addresses (MOVX @DPTR).
Port3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 3 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are
pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins
thatare externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups
.RST
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator
isrunning resets the device.
ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the
addressduring accesses to external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at
a constantrate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or
clocking purposes.
PSEN
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Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.
Whenthe 89s51 Microcontroller is executing code from external program memory,
PSEN isactivated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations areskipped duringeach access to external data memory.
EA/VPP
EA (External Access Enable) must be strapped to GND in order to enable
thedevice to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H
up toFFFFH.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clockoperatingcircuit.
XTAL2
Connected to the output of the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Timer0-and-Timer1
Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the 89S51 microcontrollers operate the same way
asTimer 0 and Timer 1 in the 89S51 microcontrollers. The type of operation is
selected by bit C/T2. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload and
baud rategenerator.
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
A map of the on-chip memory area is called as Special Function Register
(SFR). Notethat not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses
may not be implemented onthe chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in
general return random data, and write accesseswill have an indeterminate effect.
Timer 2 Registers Control and status bits are contained in registers T2CON and
T2MOD for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is theCapture/Reloadregisters for Timer 2 in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.Interrupt
registers the individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register. Two priorities can
beset for each of the six interrupt sources in the IP register.
INTERRUPTS:
The 89S51 microcontrollers has a total of six interrupt vectors: two external
interrupts(INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts (Timers 0, 1, and 2), and the serial
port interrupt. Eachof these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabledby setting or clearing a bit inSpecial Function Register IE. IE also contains a global
disable bit, EA, which disables allinterrupts at once.
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ARCHITECURE OF 89S51:
2.3: SENSORS:
2.3.1: TACTILE BUMP SENSOR CIRCUIT
Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit itselfalso works fine for user buttons and switches as well
Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit itselfalso works fine for user buttons and switches as well.
There are many designs possible for bump switches, often and goals of the robot
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itself. But the circuit remains the same. They usually implement a mechanical button
to short the circuit, pulling the signal line high or low. An example is the microswitch
with a lever attached to increase its range, as shown above. There are severalversions below, depending on how you plan to use the circuit and your available
switches. For the resistor use a very high value, such as 40kohms. depending on the
design
Tactile Bump Sensor Circuits
Voltage
goes high
with contact
Voltage
goes low
with contact
More efficient switch for 3 lead switches
(use for microswitches)
2.3.4: MQ-3 Semiconductor Sensor for Alcohol:
Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity
in clean air. When the target alcohol gas exist, The sensors conductivity is more
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higher along with the gas concentration rising.Please use simple electrocircuit,
Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration.
MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitity to Alcohol, and has good resistance todisturb of gasoline, smoke and vapor. The sensor could be used to detect alcohol
with different concentration, it is with low cost and suitable for different application.
Characteristics
* Good sensitivity to alcohol gas
* Long life and low cost
* Simple drive circuit
Application
* Vehicel alcohol detector
* Portable alcohol detector
Structure and Configuration:
Structure and configuration of MQ-3 gas sensor is shown as Fig. 3, sensor
composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, TinDioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer ,
measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and
stainless steelnet. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of
sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-4 have 6 pin, 4of them are used to fetch
signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.
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2.3.3: IR SENSOR:
General Description
The IR Sensor-Single is a general purpose proximity sensor. Here
we use it for collision detection. The module consist of a IR emitter
and IR receiver pair. The high precision IR receiver always detects a
IR signal.
The module consists of 358 comparator IC. The output of sensor
is high whenever it IR frequency and low otherwise. The on-board
LED indicator helps user to check status of the sensor without using
any additional hardware.
The power consumption of this module is low. It gives a digital
output.
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2.4: Transmitter/ Receiver design:
SM TX 433 AM / ASK TRANSMITTER MODULE
The SM TX 433 is an AM / ASK transmitter module which can facilitate OEM
manufactures to design remote control application in shortest way. Low Power
Consumption and wide operating voltage makes the module ideal for battery
operated low power application. The SM TX 433 is small enough to fit in almost
any cabinet.
KEY FEATURES:
Frequency: 433.92 MHz
5 12V Single Supply Operational
OOK / ASK Data Format
Up to 9.6 kbps data rate
4 Pin compact size module
+ 5 dbm out put power ( 12V, Vcc )
SAW based architect
Vertical / Horizontal mount
Directly connect to microcontoller
Low Power Consumption suitable for battery operated devices
Direct plug and use
No external components required
High performance SAW based Architecture with a maximum range of100 feet
at 4800 bps data rate
Interface directly to Encoders and Microcontrollers with ease
Can be directly in your PCB
Right Angle Pin ( Flat Out ) is the standard in these modules
Can be used with Fixed Code and Rolling Code Encoders or direct withMicrocontrollers.
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PIN DIAGRAM :
PIN DIAGRAM TWS-434
The TWS-434 and RWS-434 are extremely small, and are excellent for
applications requiring short-range RF remote controls. The transmitter module is
only 1/3 the size of a standard postage stamp, and can easily be placed inside a
small plastic enclosure.
TWS-434: The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433.92MHz with a range of
approximately 400 foot (open area) outdoors. Indoors, the range is approximately
200 foot, and will go through most walls.....
TWS-434
The TWS-434 transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs, can operate
from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC, and makes building a miniature hand-held RF transmitter
very easy. The TWS-434 is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp.
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APPLICATIONS :-
1. Remote Gate Opener2. Wireless DATA Link
3. Security Systems4. Home Automation5. Remote Sensors
CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage- 5V-2V dc
Stand By Current- 2 uA
Out Put Power- - + 5 dbm
Max Data Rate- 9600 bps
Typical Distance- 500 mtrs with 45 cm wire antenna
SM RX 433 RECEIVER MODULE:
This is a SR series of radio frequency module which can facilitate the
OEM designers to design their applications in remote in the quickest way.
The circuit is designed with SMD components and the module size is small
enough to be able to be fitted inn many remote control applications. This
compact receiver module is very sensitive and heavy immune to other radio
interference. Wide operating voltage, low current makes this module ideal
for battery operated or miniature instrument design application. This
miniature module is specially designed for rigid application. It shows high
stability and reliability even at worst environment conditions. Direct plug
and use to the mother board makes the receiver for various design
FEATURES:-
1. Miniature Size
2. Wide Operating Range3. Low Power Consumption
4. Improved Data Transmission21
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5. No Alignment Required
6. No External Components PIN Configuration and Size
7. Wide Range of Application8. Analogue and Digital Output
2.1: PIN DIAGRAM :
RWS-434 Pin Diagram
RWS-434: The receiver also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV.
The RWS-434 receiver operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC, and has both linear and
digital outputs.
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RWS-434 Pin Diagram
For maximum range, the recommended antenna should be approximately
35cm long. To convert from centimeters to inches -- multiply by 0.3937. For 35cm,
the length in inches will be approximately 35cm x 0.3937 = 13.7795 inches long. We
tested these modules using a 14", solid, 24 gauge hobby type wire, and reached a
range of over 400 foot. Your results may vary depending on your surroundings.
APPLICATION :
1. Automative Remote Entry System
2. Car / Bike Alarm System
3. Gate and Garage Openers
4. Electronic Door Locks
5. Burglar Alarm System
6. Remote Switching System
7. Short Range Data Reception
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CHAPTER :3
PROPOSED PROJECT WORK
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter Side
24
Encoder IC
HT 12E
RF
transmitter
LED RED
LED Yellow
LED Green
Speed
Limit
Switch
Power Supply3v
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On vehicle Side
25
Microcontroller
89s51
Microcontroller
89s51
AlcoholSensor
Theft Sensor
Decoder IC
HT 12D
RF Receiver
Power
supply
Clock
Reset
Relay Driver IC
ULN 2803
Relay SPDT
12v DC
Motor 12v
DC
Reduction
Gear
LCD Display
16x2
RS 232 serial communication
GSM modemPower
Supply
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3.2: Explanation of block diagram:
Vehicle Speed control in variable Zone
In this Feature we can control the speed of vehicle in different type location ,
such as Flyover bridge , school area , collage campus , courts, highway , cities
internal area.
Horn control of vehicle :
In this feature we can control the unwanted horn Disturbances in horn
prohibited area like School , collage ,Court area, all type hospitals, kids nurserys,
Public libraries, Offices, public places .
Alcohol Control :
In this feature we can control all accidents of vehicle by happing because of
Drink and Drive When Driver Start the vehicle then the System check the alcohol
level of driver, if it sensed then the car engine not started that time. If its sensenothing then the system allows the to start engine.
Red Light Traffic control :
In this feature we can control the vehicle on traffic signal, when traffic signal is
red then the vehicle automatic stopped by this feature.
Automatic Collision notifications to control room
In this feature when unfortunately accident happen of vehicle the system of
this project send ( SMS) massages via GSM Modem to control room and one to
relative of the person. So instant we got the information of accident and help the
injured person.
Vehicle Security
In this feature if the vehicle was theft or stolen then theft sensor activated an
sent the theft massage to owner and police control room via gsm modem.
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3.3: FEATURES
Merits:
Current project can reduce large number of accidents.
It can save life of many people.
It can bring discipline to driving habit.
Demerits:
This project requires implementation across all accident prone zone & across all
vehicles. Which can be costly. But government can collect safety surcharge from all
vehicle owners , which can reduce cost of implementation of project.
Applications:
This project can be used for all types of vehicles such as car, tempo , truck, taxi,
rickshaw, City buses etc .
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CHAPTER: 4
CONCLUSION
This document gives the basic idea of the project DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR
SAFE DRIVING and the literature survey done in accordance to that.
The sensors used in this project is a revolutionary technology in the field of
travolution.The car supports features such as speed control in specific areas,collision
detection,prohibits drink and drive,honking in silent zones,robbery of car and
automatic brake system in traffic signal.The technology used behind this project is
GSM TECHNOLOGY. This project can bring a drastic change in travolution.
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CHAPTER: 5
REFERENCES
BOOKS:
1. B.Ram, Micro Electronics an electronic based approach,Tata McGraw-Hill,1998
2 . R.P.Jain, Digital Electronics programmable instruments system design
approach,1988.
REFERENCES:
http://www.eg3.com/WebID/elect/engineer/blank/resource/a-z.htm
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/ohms-law.htm
Ohms law tutorial
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/electron-theory.htm
Electron theory and atoms.
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/current.htm
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/voltage.htm
Voltage
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/resistance.htm
Resistance
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/resistor-color-code.htm
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/attenuators.htm
Attenuators: design and principles
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A. C. Patil College Of Engineering
Kharghar, Navi Mumbai
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/decibel.htm
decibels
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/reactance.htm
capacitive reactance
http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/capacitance.htm
3. www.redcircuits.com
4. www.alldatasheet.com
5 .www.elctronicsforu.com