• Grapes and Health – 280 publications• Raisins and Health – 188• Wine and Health – 1316–Wine – 9655 – “Red Wine” – 1650
• Resveratrol and Health – 335– Resveratrol – 2708
• Components of grapes/wine that can enhance human health and provide for the nutritional needs of the American public– Compounds may need to be delivered as a
package to derive maximal benefit
• Health and nutrition concerns will be strong drivers for the market of both traditional and innovative products
• Antioxidants• Antioxidants• Antioxidants
• Red wine – heart disease– Still controversial – AHA says no specific
link• Grape/wine reduction of blood clotting– Ethanol has similar effect
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Control Red Wine Ethanol WhiteWine
Whiskey Beer
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cen
t of
aort
a
Klurfeld & Kritchevsky, Exp Molec Pathol 34:62 (1981)
Alcoholic Beverages and Aortic Atherosclerosis
• Chemical characterization of red wine grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis interspecific hybrids) andpomace phenolic extracts and their biological activity against Streptococcus mutans.– Thimothe J, Bonsi IA, Padilla-Zakour OI, Koo H– J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12;55(25):10200-7.
• WHNRC – Davis, CA• Resveratrol induces apoptosis in acute
lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro• Following up with mice injected with ALL
cells• Resveratrol inhibits toll-like receptor
4-induced inflammation in cultured cells
• HNRCA at Tufts University• Comparing juices from:– Concord – both anthocyanins &
proanthocyanidins– Niagara – only proanthocyanidins– Thompson – neither polyphenol class
• 5 tests of psychomotor function
Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder
AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)
Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup
Sugar Water
Grapes
Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder
AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)
Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~2.5 cups
Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder
AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009)
High Fat Meal + Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup
HF Meal
HF Meal & Grape
A. Di Castelnuovo et al, Arch Intern Med 166:2437-2445 (2006)
Meta-Analysis of 34 Prospective Studies >1,000,000 subjects, 94,000 deaths analyzed
R di Giuseppe at al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89:354-362 (2009)
~1400 subjects from Italy, Belgium, and England
Mortality in 2468 Finnish men with 29-yr follow-up
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Spirits Beer Teetotaler0
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Spirits Wine BeerWine No Pref
T. Strandberg et al, J Gerontol A 62:213 (2007)
Drinking Habit RR for Mortality
• Quercetin used to be king of the compounds• >1600 compounds in grapes– Concentrations in wine differ from juice
• Equivalents in both animal and human studies range up to pounds/day or 300 bottles of wine
• “All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous” – Paracelsus (1493-1541)
www.dietandcancerreport.org
Released Nov 1, 2007 in Washington, DC and several other locationsaround the world
517 page report along withCD-ROM of 20 systematicliterature reviews