Damage to Bolu Viaduct from
Earthquakes in Turkey
Euridice A. Oware
Advisor: Dr. Mete Sozen
Introduction
• Bolu Mountain Tunnel Project
• $ 1.5 billion
• Improve Transportation in the Mountainous Terrain to the West of Bolu Between Istanbul and Ankara.
• Contains:– Two 3.2-km Tunnels – Two Viaducts; One Almost Completed
Location
Project Location
1
Viaduct 1 (Western Viaduct)
Viaduct 1 - Details
• Length is 2.3 km
• Max Pier Height is 49 meters
• Maximum Span 39.6 meters
• Number of Piers: 58 North, 57 South
• Pier Foundations 12-pile Group with 1.8 m Diameter Friction Pile
Earthquakes
2 Earthquakes - North Anatolian Fault
• August 17, 1999: Kocaeli-Goluck Earthquake– M of 7.4, 45 seconds – Viaduct Performed Well
• November 12, 1999: Duzce-Bolu Earthquake– M of 7.2 – Suffered More Damage
Observations
Viaduct Deck Moved in Longitudinal Direction Beyond Design Limits.
Horizontal Displacements
Observations
Failed Dampers
Observations
Rotation of Piers
At the Expansion Joints
Report Goals
• Overview of the Viaduct Project
• Geology of Bolu Valley
• Geologist Map of Fault Zone
• Describe the Damage From Observations
• Damping Devices
Thank You!!!!