D6.1 Integrated Sustainability AssessmentFrameworkIncluding definition of the details, requirementsandguidelinesforLCA,LCCandS-LCAAnalysis
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DISCLAIMERThe opinion stated in this report reflects the opinion of the authors and not theopinionoftheEuropeanCommission.AllintellectualpropertyrightsareownedbyAgroCycleconsortiummembersandareprotected by the applicable laws. Reproduction is not authorised without priorwrittenagreement.The commercialuseof any information contained in thisdocumentmay requirealicensefromtheownerofthatinformation.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNº690142.ChinesepartnersarebeneficiariesnotinreceiptofEUfunding.
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DeliverableDocumentSheet ProjectAcronym AgroCycleProjectTitle Sustainable techno-economic solutions for the agricultural value
chainGrantAgreementnumber
690142
Callidentifier H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stageTopicidentifier WASTE-7-2015
Ensuringsustainableuseofagriculturalwaste,co-productsandby-products
FundingScheme ResearchandInnovationActionProjectduration 36months(June2016–May2019)Coordinator NUIDUCD–ProfessorShaneWardWebsite www.AgroCycle.euDeliverableNo. 6.1Deliverabletitle IntegratedsustainabilityassessmentframeworkDescription Including definition of the details, requirements and
guidelinesforLCA,LCCandS-LCAanalysisWPNo. WP6–LifeCycleAssessmentandLifeCycleCostingRelatedtask 6.1LeadBeneficiary NUID-UniversityCollegeDublinAuthor(s) WenhaoChen,ThomasOldfield,NicholasM.HoldenContributor(s) FionnualaMurphyType ReportDisseminationLevel PublicLanguage English–GBDueDate 30/11/2016SubmissionDate
Date: Action: Version: Ownership:07.11.2016 Written V.01 TomOldfield22.11.2016 Reviewed/amended V.02 WenhaoChen24.11.2016 Reviewed/amended/approved V.03 NickM.Holden29.11.2016 Submitted via Online Portal to
FundingAgencyV.1 GerHanley
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TableofContents
1Generalinformation.........................................................................5
2Definitionoftheproductgroup........................................................62.1Specificationofvalorizationcompany...............................................................6
2.2Specificationoftheproduct...............................................................................6
3.DeclaredUnit..................................................................................8
4.ContentDeclaration........................................................................8
5.Unitsandquantities........................................................................8
6.Generalsystemboundaries.............................................................86.1Upstreamprocesses...........................................................................................9
6.2Coreprocesses.................................................................................................10
6.3Downstreamprocesses....................................................................................10
7.CoreModule...................................................................................107.1Systemboundaries...........................................................................................10
7.2Cut-offrules......................................................................................................11
7.3Allocationrules.................................................................................................11
7.4Dataqualityrules.............................................................................................12
8.UpstreamModule..........................................................................128.1Systemboundaries...........................................................................................12
8.2Dataqualityrules.............................................................................................12
9.DownstreamModule......................................................................139.1TransportationfromfinalValorizationprocesstoanaverageretailer/distributionplatform.................................................................................13
9.2Usephaseofvalue-addedproduct..................................................................13
9.3Wastetreatmentofpackagingwaste..............................................................13
10.Sustainabilityperformanceinformation.......................................1310.1Useofresources.............................................................................................13
10.2Potentialenvironmentalimpacts...................................................................14
10.3PotentialSocialimpacts.................................................................................16
10.4PotentialEconomicimpacts...........................................................................17
10.5Wasteproduction...........................................................................................18
10.6Otherindicators.............................................................................................19
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1Generalinformation
Name:
AgroCycleProtocolRules(APR)forLifeCycleSustainabilityAssessmentappliedtoagri-foodwasteandby-productvalorization(processesandproducts)
Programmeoperator: AgroCycle
Publicationdate: 01/12/2016
ThisAPRwaspreparedby: UCDSchoolofBiosystemsandFoodEngineering,UniversityCollegeDublin.
APRmoderator:[email protected]
Contributorsduringopenconsultation
Mr.ThomasL.OldfieldProfessor.NicholasM.HoldenDr.FionnualaMurphy
TheAPRisvalidwithinthefollowinggeographicalregion: Global
ThisdocumentprovidesAgroCycleProtocolRules(APR)foranassessmentframeworkforthesustainabilityperformanceofagri-foodwasteandby-productvalorization(bothprocessesandproductsarecoveredbythisprotocol).ThisAPRissuitableforapplicationoflifecycleassessment(LCA)methodstoevaluateboththetechnology(e.g.anaerobicdigestion,fermentation)andvalorizedproduct(e.g.energy,fertilizer)fromagri-foodwasteandby-products.Version1.0istoguidedeploymentofLCAmethodsforassessmentofcasestudiesfromAgroCycleWorkpackages 2to5. TheLCAmethodsencompassimpactsintheenvironmental(eLCA),social(sLCA)andeconomic(LCC)domains.ThesewillbeintegratedintoaLifeCycleSustainabilityAssessment(LCSA)bytheendoftheproject.ThisAPRdocumentispublicallyavailableonhttp://www.agrocycle.eu.TheAPRdocumentisalivingdocument.IfrelevantchangesintheLCAmethodologyorinthetechnologyfortheproductcategoryoccur,thedocumentwillberevisedandanychangeswillbepublishedontheAgroCyclewebsite(withanassociatedincrementofversionnumber,preparationdateandpublicationdate).AnycommentstothisAPRdocumentmaybegivenontheAPRforumontheAgroCyclewebsite(http://www.agrocycle.eu)ordirectlytotheAPRmoderator([email protected])duringtheperiodofvalidity.
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2Definitionoftheproductgroup
2.1SpecificationofvalorizationcompanyThefollowingmandatoryinformationshallbedescribedforanAgroCycle-LCA:§ Valorizationcompany/organisation
§ Valorizationsiteandcountry
§ Contactinformationoftechnicalmanager
Examplesofvoluntaryinformation:§ ISO14001and/orEMAScertificateatthemanufacturingsite
§ Anysocialresponsibilityguidelinesfollowed(ISO26000,GRI,UNGlobalCompact,UNGuiding
PrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRights,OECDGuidelinesforMultinationalEnterprises)
§ Specificaspectsregardingtheproductionofrawmaterialsand/orthetechnologyitself
§ Environmentalpolicyofthecompanyorpoliciesassociatedwiththetechnology/product
§ Company/organisationlogotype
2.2SpecificationoftheproductThetradenameshallbedeclared,ifrelevant.RelevantTypeI(thirdpartyprogramme)andTypeII(self-declaration)environmentallabelsandsocialresponsibilitylabelsawardedtotheproductmaybestated.Anyclaimsmadeabouttheproductmustbeindependentlyverifiable.Thepropertiesofthevalue-addedproductfromthevalorizationprocessmaybespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Inallcasesthevalorizationmethod/technologymustbedeclared.Examplesofsuitablepathwaysandproductsare:Energyrecovery:Includefuel,electricity,andgas.Eachrecoveredenergyshouldlistitsproperties(e.g.fuelviscosity,calorificvalue,flashpoint,mixofenergyresourceetc.)andcomparewithstandardform(e.g.ISOstandards).Nutrientrecovery:Includesmacro-nutrients(Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P),andPotassium(K))andmicro-nutrients.Nutrientavailabilityshouldbeincludedwherepossible(e.g.observedordefaultN,P,Kvaluesinagriculturalwasteforfertilizerproduction).Theproducttypeshouldbedeclared(e.g.digestate;compost;biochar).Proteinrecovery:Thepropertiesofrecoveredproteinneedtobereported(e.g.qualityofprotein,keyconstituentsandstructures,thepurposeandfunction(foodorfeedsupplement),anyco-products).Materialrecovery:Materialspecificationandreplacedproduct(inaspecifiedtargetmarket)needtobedetailed,anyco-productsshouldbedeclared.Watertreatment:Waterpurificationisnotconsideredasvalorizationperse,sotheAPRisnotsuitableforthisprocess.However,ifanyvaluableproducts(e.g.protein)werecreatedfromawastewatertreatmentpathwaythentheAPRcanbeapplied.
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Detailsofanypackaging(ifapplicable)shallbespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Valorizationtechnologies,includingsomebeingdevelopedbytheAgroCycleproject,maybeintheresearchanddevelopmentstage.Theymaytakesignificanttimetobecomecommerciallyavailable.Inordertocarryoutmeaningfulsustainabilityassessmentofdifferentvalorizationprocessesandproducts,suitabledatashouldbedefinedaccordingtothetechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs).TRLs(Figure.1)areamethodofcharacterizingtechnologicalmaturityfromthemostbasicresearch(TRL1)throughtofull-scalereal-worldoperation(TRL9).ThedatarequirementforLCAmodellingandsustainabilityassessmentweredefinedas:TRL3/4–StreamlinedLCA,backgrounddata,somelaboratory-basedempiricalobservations.TRL5/6/7–LCAusingpilotplantspecificationandempiricalobservation,bestavailabledata.TRL8/9–LCAusingempiricalobservationfromdeploymentspecifictothetechnology,
geographyandtime.
Figure1DiagramforTechnologyReadinessLevels(TRLs)
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3.DeclaredUnitThe declared unit (functional unit) shall be specific to the valorized product. The definedfunctionalunitshallberelatedtothevalue-addedproductratherthanthedisposalofwaste.Examplesofpossiblefunctionalunitsare:
§ Energy:1MJ§ Nutrient:1kg(availableN,PorK)§ Protein:1kg(ofspecifiedquality)§ Materials:1kg(ofspecifiedquality)
Theenvironmental,economic(e.g.costandbenefit)andsocial(e.g.labourhours,numberofjobs) impact shall be expressed per declared unit. The reference flow, in terms ofthroughputandyears,shallbedefinedatthegateofthevalorizationprocess.
4.ContentDeclarationThegrossweightandenergy(dependingonthemainfunctionofproduct)ofproduct/technologyoutputshallbedeclaredinanAGROCYCLE-LCAasaminimumof95%ofoneunitofproduct.
5.UnitsandquantitiesTheInternationalSystemofUnits(SIunits)shallbeused.Reasonablemultiplesmaybeadoptedforabettercommunication(e.g.landusecouldbeexpressedinhectares(ha)ratherthansquaremetres)MaximumofthreesignificantdigitsshallbeusedforcalculationsandtwosignificantdigitswhenreportingLCAresults.
6.GeneralsystemboundariesTheAGROCYCLE-LCAcalculationswillbeseparatedintothreedifferentlifecyclestages,seeFigure1:§ Upstreamprocesses(fromcradle-to-valorizationprocessorgate);
§ Coreprocesses(fromvalorizationprocessorentrygate-to-exitgate)
§ Downstreamprocesses(fromvalorizationprocessorexitgate-to-grave/cradle)
Theresultantstudywillbeacradle-to-grave/cradle,asperthebioeconomy/circular-economyapproach.
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InanAGROCYCLE-LCA,theenvironmentalperformanceassociatedwitheachofthethreelife-cyclestagesshallbereportedseparately.ThesystemboundaryshouldbedefinedaccordingtoTRLs:
ForTRL3/4,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources.
ForTRL5/6/7,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources,coreprocessdatawithadequatetechniquedetailsfromobservationanddownstreamprocesseswithadefinedendusecasebasedonliterature(unlessempiricaldataareavailable).
ForTRL8/9,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources(unlessempiricalobservationsareavailable),coreprocessdatawithadequatetechniquedetailsfromobservationanddownstreamprocesseswithadefinedendusecaseandobservations.
Figure2.SystemdiagramillustratingthemainprocessesandthedivisionintoUpstream,
CoreandDownstreamprocesses.
6.1UpstreamprocessesTheupstreamprocesses comprise cradle-to-gate information. The upstreamprocesses includethefollowing:§ Extractionofresources(mineralexploration,energygeneration,etc.)
§ Productionofwaste/resource
§ Reversesupplyfacility(forwastecollectionagriculturalwasteandtransporttovalorizationfacility)manufactureincludingtransportofresourcestorefinement,packaging(ifany)
§ Refinement (e.g.pre-process)of resourcesnotassociatedwith the technologyof interest(canbepartofcoreprocessifrefinementisessentialtothevalorization)
§ Processes required to make raw materials suitable as feedstocks (can be part of coreprocessifrefinementisessentialtothevalorization)
§ Theproductionprocessesofenergyusedintheextraction,refinementandmanufacturing
§ Productionofauxiliaryproductsusedsuchasdetergentsforcleaningetc
§ The manufacturing of the primary and secondary packaging is also included in the coreprocess
UPSTREAM
Productionoffeedstock
Reversesupplyincludingtransportation,packaging(if
any)
CORE
Valorisationprocessing
Wastemanagementincludingfeedstockandresiduetreatment(e.g.water
treatmentaftervalorisation)
Packagingforfinalproduct
DOWNSTREAM
Transportationofvalue-addedproduct
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6.2CoreprocessesThecoreprocessesrepresenttheproductionofthevalue-addedproductandwillincludegatetogate environmental information on the valorization stage. The core processes that may beconsidered:§ Externaltransportationtothecoreprocesses
§ Manufacturingofthevalue-addedproduct
§ Storage
§ Treatmentofwastegeneratedfromthecoreprocesses
§ Impactsduetotheelectricityproductionaccordingtheproperenergymixhypotheses(seeSection7.4)
§ Manufactureofvalorizationprocessequipment(optionalforTRL3-4;mandatoryforTRL5-9)
6.3DownstreamprocessesThedownstreamprocessesinclude:§ Transportation from final manufacturing to an average retailer/distribution (weighted
average)
§ Usecase(optionalforTRL5/6/7;mandatoryforTRL8/9)
7.CoreModule
7.1Systemboundaries
7.1.1TechnicalsystemTheprocesseslistedinSection6.2fortheproductionofthefinalvalue-addedproduct,includingpackaging, shall be included. Other manufacturing processes may also be included. Theproductionoftherawmaterialsusedforproductionofspecifictechnologiesmustbeincluded.The gross weight and energy (depending on the main function of product) of product /technologyoutputincludingpackagingshallbeincluded.Thetechnicalsystemshallnotinclude:§ buildingsandothercapitalgoodswithanexpectedlifetimeofmorethanthreeyears
§ Businesstravelforpersonnel
§ Traveltoandfromworkbypersonnel
§ Researchanddevelopmentactivities
For additional information about system boundaries concerning waste, etc., see the GeneralProgrammeInstructions.
7.1.2BoundariesinTimeThelifecycleinventory(LCI)datashallberepresentativeforthetimeperiodforwhichthereferenceflowistaken.ThetemporalresolutionofLCAdatacouldbedefinedbyTRLs:ForTRL3/4,usethebesttemporalinformation/dataavailable.
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ForTRL5/6/7,providethemostpresentative(orempirical)temporalinformation/dataforcase
study.
ForTRL8/9,providecasespecifictemporalinformation/data.
7.2Cut-offrulesLCIdataforaminimumof95%oftotalinflowstothecoremoduleshallbeincluded.InflowsnotincludedintheLCAshallbedocumentedintheAgroCycle-LCA.Itisimportanttoemphasisethat–inmostcases–allavailabledatashallbeused.Usingcut-offrulesshouldnotgivetheperceptionsof“hiding”information,butrathertofacilitatethedatacollectionforpractitioners.Thedetailofcut-offrulescouldbedefinedaccordingtoTRLs(asfaraspracticallypossible):
ForTRL3/4,cut-offrulefordatais>75%ForTRL5/6/7,cut-offrulefordatais85-95%ForTRL8/9,cut-offrulefordatais>95%
7.3AllocationrulesAllocationrulesmustbedefinedforindividualproductswhenthemanufacturingprocessesresultinmanykindsofproductsandwherethereisonlyaggregateinformationavailableaboutthetotalactivityandemissions.
Thefollowingprocedureshallbeundertakenasnecessary:§ Avoidallocationbycollectingmoreproductspecificinformationthatallowsforamore
detailedsystemdescription.§ Ifallocationcannotbeavoided,theinputsandoutputsofthesystemshouldbe
partitionedbetweenitsdifferentproductsorfunctionsinawaythatreflectstheunderlyingphysicalrelationshipsbetweenthem.
o Energy:energyallocationo Nutrient:N,P,Kallocation(asappropriatetothecasestudy)o Protein:proteinallocation
§ Wherepossible,allocationbetweendifferentproductsandco-productsshallbebasedonproductmass
§ Wherephysicalrelationshipsalonecannotbeestablishedorusedasthebasisforallocation,theinputsshouldbeallocatedbetweentheproductsandfunctionsinawaythatreflectsotherrelationshipsbetweentheme.g.economicvalue.
Theallocationprocedureusedshouldreflectthepedigreeoftheavailabledata(i.e.atheoretically‘better’methodsshouldnotbeusedifitreliesonpoorpedigreedata)
Incaseofeconomicallocation,theAGROCYCLE-LCAshalldetailthereferencevaluesthatisused.AnyotherallocationproceduresbasedonphysicalorchemicalcharacteristicsmustbespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCAreport.
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7.4DataqualityrulesSpecificdata(alsoreferredtoasprimarydataandsite-specificdata)shallbeusedfortheCoreModule.Specificdataaregatheredfromthevalorizationprocessanddatafromotherpartsofthelifecycletracedtothespecificvalue-addedproductsystemunderstudy.Datawithhighspatial(withregionalorcountryspecification)andtemporalresolutionarerequiredforsocialindicatorsinallprocesseswithinthesystemboundary.Hightemporalresolutionisrequiredforeconomicindicatorsinallprocesseswithinthesystemboundary.Fortheelectricityusedintheprocess,therearetwoalternatives:thecompanybuystheenergyfromtheopenmarketelectricitymixorfromaspecificsupplierwithadefinedmix.Whileinthefirstcasethenationalelectricity,mixcanbeadopted,inthesecondcaseaspecificenergymixshouldbeused.Electricityproductionimpactsshouldbeaccountedforinthispriority:§ RECSorguaranteeoforiginfromsupplier
§ Electricitysupplier’sresidualenergymix
§ Nationalmix/electricitymixontheactualmarket(preferablyresidualmix,otherwisenationalmix)
Theelectricitymixusedshallbedocumented.ThedetailofelectricitymixcanbedefinedbyTRLs:ForTRL3/4,usebestpossibledata,butcanbeoflowpedigree.ForTRL5/6/7,goodpedigreedataatleast.ForTRL8/9,highpedigreedataspecifictothetechnology,geographyandtime.
8.UpstreamModule
8.1SystemboundariesAsaminimumtheprocesseslistedinSection6.1shallbeincludedintheupstreammodulebutotherprocessesnotlistedmayalsobeincluded.Allelementaryflowsatresourceextractionshallbeincluded,exceptfortheflowsthatfallunderthegeneral1%cut-offrule.
8.2DataqualityrulesAsageneralrule,specificdatashallalwaysbeusedifavailable.Fortheupstreammodule,specificfeedstockcharacterisationdatamustbeused.Specificdatashouldbeemployedforthefollowingactivities:
§ Feedstockproduction
§ Waterconsumption
§ Fuel/energyconsumption
§ Wastegeneration
§ Operationsatthewastevalorizationproductionfacility
8.2.1RulesforusinggenericdataWhenusingselectedgenericdata,prescribedcharacteristicsforprecision,completenessandrepresentativenessmustbefulfilledanddemonstrated,includingbutnotlimitedto:
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§ Referenceyeartobe‘actual-if-possible’,preferablybeingrepresentativeforatleast5years
§ Cut-offofatleast95%ofboththeenergy,themass,andtheoverallrelevanceoftheflows
§ Inventorydatasetshouldincludeallelementaryflowsthatcontributetothoseimpactcategoriesdefinedinthescope
§ Geographicalrepresentativenessoftheinventoryforthetechnologyorproductshould,asageneralprinciple,bebetterthan±5%.
8.2.2DataqualitydeclarationThepedigreeofalldatashouldbeassessedandreportedfollowingtheTRLguidelinesdefinedabove.
9.DownstreamModuleTheprocesseslistedinSection6.3shallbeincludedinthedownstreammodule.ThedownstreammoduleshallbebasedonrelevantscenariosforthegeographicalareainwhichtheAGROCYCLE-LCAisvalid.
9.1TransportationfromfinalValorizationprocesstoanaverageretailer/distributionplatform.Transportofthevalue-addedproducttoacustomershall,asafirstoption,bebasedontheactualtransportationdistances.Asasecondoption,itcanbecalculatedastheaveragedistanceofaproductofthattypetransportedwithdifferentmeansoftransportor,iffewtransportdataareavailable,itcanbecalculatedasafixedtransportdistanceof100km(smalltruck),1000km(largetruck)or10,000km(airplane)accordingtoproducttype.
9.2Usephaseofvalue-addedproductTheusephaseofthevalue-addedproductshouldnotbeincluded
9.3WastetreatmentofpackagingwasteScenariosforthewastetreatmentofpackagingwasteshallbedefinedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Theinformationshallbetechnicallyandeconomicallypracticable,andcompliantwithcurrentregulations.
10.Sustainabilityperformanceinformation
10.1UseofresourcesTheconsumptionofnaturalresourcesandresourcesperdeclaredunitshallbereported intheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodule.Inputparameters,extractedresources:§ Non-renewableresources
- Materialresources
- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)
§ Renewableresources
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- Materialresources
- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)
§ Secondaryresources
- Materialresources
- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)
§ Recoveredenergyflows(suchthermal)expressedinMJ
§ Waterusedividedin:
- Totalamountofwater
- Directamountofwaterusedbythecoreprocess
Thefollowingrequirementsontheresourcedeclarationalsoapply:
§ allparametersforresourceconsumptionshallbeexpressedinmass,withtheexceptionofrenewableenergyresourcesassociatedwiththegenerationofhydroelectric,windelectricityandsolarenergy,whichshallbeexpressedinMJ;
§ allparametersshallnotbeaggregatedbutreportedseparately.Resourceswhichcontributelessthan5%ineachcategoryshallbeincludedintheresourceslistas“other”;
§ nuclearpowershallbereportedamongthenon-renewableenergyresourcesaskgofuraniumcalculatedbyconvertingthethermalenergy(MJ)consideringa3rdgenerationreactorwithanefficiencyof33%.
10.2PotentialenvironmentalimpactsThepotentialenvironmentalimpactperdeclaredunitforthefollowingenvironmentalimpactcategoriesshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialenvironmentalimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:
§ Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.
§ Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing abroad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.
§ Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.
The potential midpoint environmental indicators are listed in Table 1. Other environmentalindicators could be added into the Tier 3 category, according to characteristics of the wastevalorization processes or products. Monetary valuations are recommended for aggregatingdifferentenvironmentalimpactsintototalenvironmentalimpactsattheendpointlevel.
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Table1PotentialenvironmentalindicatorsforAgroCycle
Mid-pointlevelenvironmentalissue Indicator Unit Impactresolution
GlobalwarmingGlobalwarmingpotential
(GWP,100years)kgCO2-eq Globallevel
Acidification Acidificationpotential(AP)KgSO2-eqorm2UES
Highspatialresolution
Eutrophication
Aquaticeutrophicationpotential(EP)
kgPO43--eq
orkgNO3-eqHighspatialresolution
Terrestrialeutrophicationpotential(EP)
m2UESHighspatialresolution
Wateruse Bluewaterconsumption m3Highspatialresolution
Landuse Landoccupation m2-yearsHightemporalandspatialresolution
Mineralresourcedepletion
Mineralextraction MJextra Globallevel
Humantoxicity
Humantoxicity,non-carcinogens(HTP)
kgC2H3Cl-eqHighspatialresolution
Humantoxicity,carcinogens(HTP)
kgC2H3Cl-eqHighspatialresolution
Ozonelayerdepletion
Ozonelayerdepletionpotential(ODP)
kgCFC-11-eq Globallevel
Eco-toxicity
Freshwatereco-toxicitypotential(ETP)
kgTEG-eqHighspatialresolution
Marinewatereco-toxicitypotential(ETP)
kgTEG-eq Globallevel
Terrestrialeco-toxicitypotential(ETP)
kgTEG-eqHighspatialresolution
PhotohemicalsmogPhotochemicaloxidation
potential(POCP)m2*ppm*hoursorkgC2H4-eq
Highspatialresolution
10.2.1SpecificationsforGWPcalculationsBothemissionstotheatmosphereandremovalsfromtheatmosphereshallbeaccountedfortheassessmentof theoverallGHGemissionsof theproductbeingassessed.Thisassessment shallinclude the gases arising from both fossil and biogenic sources for all products, with theexceptionofhumanfoodandanimalfeedproducts.Emissionsandremovalsofbiogeniccarbonshallbereportedseparately.
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Wheresomeorallremovedcarbonwillnotbeemittedtotheatmospherewithinthe100-yearassessmentperiod,theportionofcarbonnotemittedtotheatmosphereduringthatperiodshallbetreatedasstoredcarbon.Followingissuesshallbetakenintoaccount:§ Carbonstoragemightarisewherebiogeniccarbonformspartorallofaproduct(e.g.wood
fibreinatable),orwhereatmosphericcarbonistakenupbyaproductoveritslifecycle(e.g.cement).
§ Whileforestmanagementactivitiesmightresultinadditionalcarbonstorageinmanagedforeststhroughtheretentionofforestbiomass.
TheresultswithGHGemissionsoffsetmechanism(e.g.biogeniccarbon)shallbepresentedandcomparedwiththeresultswithoutGHGemissionsoffsetmechanisminAGROCYCLE-LCA.CriticalanalysisshouldbecarriedouttoinvestigatethecontributionofoffsetmechanisminoverallGHGemission.
10.3PotentialSocialimpactsThepotentialsocialimpactperdeclaredunitselectedfromthesocialimpactcategoriesofUNEP-SETACSocialLCAGuidelineshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialsocialimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:
• Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.
• Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing abroad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.
• Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.
ThepotentialsocialindicatorsarelistedinTable2.OthersocialindicatorscouldbeaddedtoTier3category,accordingtocharacteristicsofthewastevalorizationprocessesorproducts.Surveyof relevant stakeholders is recommended for weighting different social impacts in eachstakeholdercategoryforendpointresults.
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Table2PotentialsocialindicatorsforAgroCycle
Stakeholdercategory
Mid-pointlevel
socialissueIndicator Unit Impact
resolution
Worker Fairwage Cumulativeriskoffairwageinsupplychain
Semi-quantitative
results
Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Worker Healthandsafety
Cumulativefatalityrate(injuryrate)insupply
chainNumberofcase Highspatial
resolution
Worker Workingtime Cumulativeworkingtimeinsupplychain Second(s) Highspatial
resolution
Localcommunity
Publiclivingcondition
Avoidedenvironmentalcostonhumanhealthin
supplychainEuro2003
Highspatialresolution
Localcommunity
Provisionofemployment
Createdemploymentopportunity Numberofjob Highspatial
resolution
Worker Childlabour Cumulativechildlabourinsupplychain Labourunit Highspatial
resolution
Worker Forcedlabour Cumulativeforcedlabourinsupplychain Labourunit Highspatial
resolution
Society Contributiontoeconomy
Totaladdedvaluetoeconomyinmacroscale
Semi-quantitative
results
Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Society Technologydevelopment
Changeofproductionefficiency
Semi-quantitative
results
Highspatialresolution
ValuechainPromotingsocial
responsibilityWastereusedorrecycled Kgwaste Highspatial
resolution
Localcommunity
Resourceandenergysecurity
Avoidedresourceandenergy
kgresourceorMJenergy
Hightemporalandspatialresolution
10.4PotentialEconomicimpactsThepotentialeconomicimpactperdeclaredunitshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialeconomicimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:
• Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.
• Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing a
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broad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.
• Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.
The potential economic indicators are listed in Table 3. Other economic indicators could beadded into Tier 3 category, according to characteristics of thewaste valorization processes orproducts.Monetary aggregation shouldbeused for reportingendpoint results, dependingonthenatureoftheeconomicassessment.
Table3PotentialeconomicindicatorsforAgroCycle
Economicissue Indicator Unit Impactresolution
ProductionCost
Labourcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Transportationcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Equipmentcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Electricityandfuelcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
wastecollectionandmaterialcost
€Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Maintenancecost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Softcost(designfee,permitfee…)
€Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Profitability Netincomeperfunctionunit €Hightemporalandspatialresolution
Efficiencyofvaluecreationfromvalorization
Netvalueaddedperkgwaste €/kgHightemporalandspatialresolution
10.5WasteproductionWhentheamountofwastehastobedeclared,thefollowinginformationshallbereported:
§ Hazardouswaste,inkg(asdefinedbyregionaldirectives)
§ Non-hazardouswaste,inkg
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10.6OtherindicatorsThefollowingindicatorsperdeclaredunitcouldalsobereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,divided
intocore,upstreamanddownstreammodule:
§ Materialcircularityindicator
§ Energyrecoveryindicator
§ Othersrelevanttothegoalofthestudy