D6.1 Integrated Sustainability AssessmentFrameworkIncluding definition of the details, requirementsandguidelinesforLCA,LCCandS-LCAAnalysis

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DISCLAIMERThe opinion stated in this report reflects the opinion of the authors and not theopinionoftheEuropeanCommission.AllintellectualpropertyrightsareownedbyAgroCycleconsortiummembersandareprotected by the applicable laws. Reproduction is not authorised without priorwrittenagreement.The commercialuseof any information contained in thisdocumentmay requirealicensefromtheownerofthatinformation.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNº690142.ChinesepartnersarebeneficiariesnotinreceiptofEUfunding.

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DeliverableDocumentSheet ProjectAcronym AgroCycleProjectTitle Sustainable techno-economic solutions for the agricultural value

chainGrantAgreementnumber

690142

Callidentifier H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stageTopicidentifier WASTE-7-2015

Ensuringsustainableuseofagriculturalwaste,co-productsandby-products

FundingScheme ResearchandInnovationActionProjectduration 36months(June2016–May2019)Coordinator NUIDUCD–ProfessorShaneWardWebsite www.AgroCycle.euDeliverableNo. 6.1Deliverabletitle IntegratedsustainabilityassessmentframeworkDescription Including definition of the details, requirements and

guidelinesforLCA,LCCandS-LCAanalysisWPNo. WP6–LifeCycleAssessmentandLifeCycleCostingRelatedtask 6.1LeadBeneficiary NUID-UniversityCollegeDublinAuthor(s) WenhaoChen,ThomasOldfield,NicholasM.HoldenContributor(s) FionnualaMurphyType ReportDisseminationLevel PublicLanguage English–GBDueDate 30/11/2016SubmissionDate

Date: Action: Version: Ownership:07.11.2016 Written V.01 TomOldfield22.11.2016 Reviewed/amended V.02 WenhaoChen24.11.2016 Reviewed/amended/approved V.03 NickM.Holden29.11.2016 Submitted via Online Portal to

FundingAgencyV.1 GerHanley

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TableofContents

1Generalinformation.........................................................................5

2Definitionoftheproductgroup........................................................62.1Specificationofvalorizationcompany...............................................................6

2.2Specificationoftheproduct...............................................................................6

3.DeclaredUnit..................................................................................8

4.ContentDeclaration........................................................................8

5.Unitsandquantities........................................................................8

6.Generalsystemboundaries.............................................................86.1Upstreamprocesses...........................................................................................9

6.2Coreprocesses.................................................................................................10

6.3Downstreamprocesses....................................................................................10

7.CoreModule...................................................................................107.1Systemboundaries...........................................................................................10

7.2Cut-offrules......................................................................................................11

7.3Allocationrules.................................................................................................11

7.4Dataqualityrules.............................................................................................12

8.UpstreamModule..........................................................................128.1Systemboundaries...........................................................................................12

8.2Dataqualityrules.............................................................................................12

9.DownstreamModule......................................................................139.1TransportationfromfinalValorizationprocesstoanaverageretailer/distributionplatform.................................................................................13

9.2Usephaseofvalue-addedproduct..................................................................13

9.3Wastetreatmentofpackagingwaste..............................................................13

10.Sustainabilityperformanceinformation.......................................1310.1Useofresources.............................................................................................13

10.2Potentialenvironmentalimpacts...................................................................14

10.3PotentialSocialimpacts.................................................................................16

10.4PotentialEconomicimpacts...........................................................................17

10.5Wasteproduction...........................................................................................18

10.6Otherindicators.............................................................................................19

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1Generalinformation

Name:

AgroCycleProtocolRules(APR)forLifeCycleSustainabilityAssessmentappliedtoagri-foodwasteandby-productvalorization(processesandproducts)

Programmeoperator: AgroCycle

Publicationdate: 01/12/2016

ThisAPRwaspreparedby: UCDSchoolofBiosystemsandFoodEngineering,UniversityCollegeDublin.

APRmoderator:Mr.WenhaoChenUniversityCollegeDublinChen.wenhao@ucdconnect.ie

Contributorsduringopenconsultation

Mr.ThomasL.OldfieldProfessor.NicholasM.HoldenDr.FionnualaMurphy

TheAPRisvalidwithinthefollowinggeographicalregion: Global

ThisdocumentprovidesAgroCycleProtocolRules(APR)foranassessmentframeworkforthesustainabilityperformanceofagri-foodwasteandby-productvalorization(bothprocessesandproductsarecoveredbythisprotocol).ThisAPRissuitableforapplicationoflifecycleassessment(LCA)methodstoevaluateboththetechnology(e.g.anaerobicdigestion,fermentation)andvalorizedproduct(e.g.energy,fertilizer)fromagri-foodwasteandby-products.Version1.0istoguidedeploymentofLCAmethodsforassessmentofcasestudiesfromAgroCycleWorkpackages 2to5. TheLCAmethodsencompassimpactsintheenvironmental(eLCA),social(sLCA)andeconomic(LCC)domains.ThesewillbeintegratedintoaLifeCycleSustainabilityAssessment(LCSA)bytheendoftheproject.ThisAPRdocumentispublicallyavailableonhttp://www.agrocycle.eu.TheAPRdocumentisalivingdocument.IfrelevantchangesintheLCAmethodologyorinthetechnologyfortheproductcategoryoccur,thedocumentwillberevisedandanychangeswillbepublishedontheAgroCyclewebsite(withanassociatedincrementofversionnumber,preparationdateandpublicationdate).AnycommentstothisAPRdocumentmaybegivenontheAPRforumontheAgroCyclewebsite(http://www.agrocycle.eu)ordirectlytotheAPRmoderator(Chen.wenhao@ucdconnect.ie)duringtheperiodofvalidity.

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2Definitionoftheproductgroup

2.1SpecificationofvalorizationcompanyThefollowingmandatoryinformationshallbedescribedforanAgroCycle-LCA:§ Valorizationcompany/organisation

§ Valorizationsiteandcountry

§ Contactinformationoftechnicalmanager

Examplesofvoluntaryinformation:§ ISO14001and/orEMAScertificateatthemanufacturingsite

§ Anysocialresponsibilityguidelinesfollowed(ISO26000,GRI,UNGlobalCompact,UNGuiding

PrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRights,OECDGuidelinesforMultinationalEnterprises)

§ Specificaspectsregardingtheproductionofrawmaterialsand/orthetechnologyitself

§ Environmentalpolicyofthecompanyorpoliciesassociatedwiththetechnology/product

§ Company/organisationlogotype

2.2SpecificationoftheproductThetradenameshallbedeclared,ifrelevant.RelevantTypeI(thirdpartyprogramme)andTypeII(self-declaration)environmentallabelsandsocialresponsibilitylabelsawardedtotheproductmaybestated.Anyclaimsmadeabouttheproductmustbeindependentlyverifiable.Thepropertiesofthevalue-addedproductfromthevalorizationprocessmaybespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Inallcasesthevalorizationmethod/technologymustbedeclared.Examplesofsuitablepathwaysandproductsare:Energyrecovery:Includefuel,electricity,andgas.Eachrecoveredenergyshouldlistitsproperties(e.g.fuelviscosity,calorificvalue,flashpoint,mixofenergyresourceetc.)andcomparewithstandardform(e.g.ISOstandards).Nutrientrecovery:Includesmacro-nutrients(Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P),andPotassium(K))andmicro-nutrients.Nutrientavailabilityshouldbeincludedwherepossible(e.g.observedordefaultN,P,Kvaluesinagriculturalwasteforfertilizerproduction).Theproducttypeshouldbedeclared(e.g.digestate;compost;biochar).Proteinrecovery:Thepropertiesofrecoveredproteinneedtobereported(e.g.qualityofprotein,keyconstituentsandstructures,thepurposeandfunction(foodorfeedsupplement),anyco-products).Materialrecovery:Materialspecificationandreplacedproduct(inaspecifiedtargetmarket)needtobedetailed,anyco-productsshouldbedeclared.Watertreatment:Waterpurificationisnotconsideredasvalorizationperse,sotheAPRisnotsuitableforthisprocess.However,ifanyvaluableproducts(e.g.protein)werecreatedfromawastewatertreatmentpathwaythentheAPRcanbeapplied.

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Detailsofanypackaging(ifapplicable)shallbespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Valorizationtechnologies,includingsomebeingdevelopedbytheAgroCycleproject,maybeintheresearchanddevelopmentstage.Theymaytakesignificanttimetobecomecommerciallyavailable.Inordertocarryoutmeaningfulsustainabilityassessmentofdifferentvalorizationprocessesandproducts,suitabledatashouldbedefinedaccordingtothetechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs).TRLs(Figure.1)areamethodofcharacterizingtechnologicalmaturityfromthemostbasicresearch(TRL1)throughtofull-scalereal-worldoperation(TRL9).ThedatarequirementforLCAmodellingandsustainabilityassessmentweredefinedas:TRL3/4–StreamlinedLCA,backgrounddata,somelaboratory-basedempiricalobservations.TRL5/6/7–LCAusingpilotplantspecificationandempiricalobservation,bestavailabledata.TRL8/9–LCAusingempiricalobservationfromdeploymentspecifictothetechnology,

geographyandtime.

Figure1DiagramforTechnologyReadinessLevels(TRLs)

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3.DeclaredUnitThe declared unit (functional unit) shall be specific to the valorized product. The definedfunctionalunitshallberelatedtothevalue-addedproductratherthanthedisposalofwaste.Examplesofpossiblefunctionalunitsare:

§ Energy:1MJ§ Nutrient:1kg(availableN,PorK)§ Protein:1kg(ofspecifiedquality)§ Materials:1kg(ofspecifiedquality)

Theenvironmental,economic(e.g.costandbenefit)andsocial(e.g.labourhours,numberofjobs) impact shall be expressed per declared unit. The reference flow, in terms ofthroughputandyears,shallbedefinedatthegateofthevalorizationprocess.

4.ContentDeclarationThegrossweightandenergy(dependingonthemainfunctionofproduct)ofproduct/technologyoutputshallbedeclaredinanAGROCYCLE-LCAasaminimumof95%ofoneunitofproduct.

5.UnitsandquantitiesTheInternationalSystemofUnits(SIunits)shallbeused.Reasonablemultiplesmaybeadoptedforabettercommunication(e.g.landusecouldbeexpressedinhectares(ha)ratherthansquaremetres)MaximumofthreesignificantdigitsshallbeusedforcalculationsandtwosignificantdigitswhenreportingLCAresults.

6.GeneralsystemboundariesTheAGROCYCLE-LCAcalculationswillbeseparatedintothreedifferentlifecyclestages,seeFigure1:§ Upstreamprocesses(fromcradle-to-valorizationprocessorgate);

§ Coreprocesses(fromvalorizationprocessorentrygate-to-exitgate)

§ Downstreamprocesses(fromvalorizationprocessorexitgate-to-grave/cradle)

Theresultantstudywillbeacradle-to-grave/cradle,asperthebioeconomy/circular-economyapproach.

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InanAGROCYCLE-LCA,theenvironmentalperformanceassociatedwitheachofthethreelife-cyclestagesshallbereportedseparately.ThesystemboundaryshouldbedefinedaccordingtoTRLs:

ForTRL3/4,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources.

ForTRL5/6/7,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources,coreprocessdatawithadequatetechniquedetailsfromobservationanddownstreamprocesseswithadefinedendusecasebasedonliterature(unlessempiricaldataareavailable).

ForTRL8/9,systemboundaryincludesupstreamprocesseswithbackgrounddatafromdatabaseand/orliteraturesources(unlessempiricalobservationsareavailable),coreprocessdatawithadequatetechniquedetailsfromobservationanddownstreamprocesseswithadefinedendusecaseandobservations.

Figure2.SystemdiagramillustratingthemainprocessesandthedivisionintoUpstream,

CoreandDownstreamprocesses.

6.1UpstreamprocessesTheupstreamprocesses comprise cradle-to-gate information. The upstreamprocesses includethefollowing:§ Extractionofresources(mineralexploration,energygeneration,etc.)

§ Productionofwaste/resource

§ Reversesupplyfacility(forwastecollectionagriculturalwasteandtransporttovalorizationfacility)manufactureincludingtransportofresourcestorefinement,packaging(ifany)

§ Refinement (e.g.pre-process)of resourcesnotassociatedwith the technologyof interest(canbepartofcoreprocessifrefinementisessentialtothevalorization)

§ Processes required to make raw materials suitable as feedstocks (can be part of coreprocessifrefinementisessentialtothevalorization)

§ Theproductionprocessesofenergyusedintheextraction,refinementandmanufacturing

§ Productionofauxiliaryproductsusedsuchasdetergentsforcleaningetc

§ The manufacturing of the primary and secondary packaging is also included in the coreprocess

UPSTREAM

Productionoffeedstock

Reversesupplyincludingtransportation,packaging(if

any)

CORE

Valorisationprocessing

Wastemanagementincludingfeedstockandresiduetreatment(e.g.water

treatmentaftervalorisation)

Packagingforfinalproduct

DOWNSTREAM

Transportationofvalue-addedproduct

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6.2CoreprocessesThecoreprocessesrepresenttheproductionofthevalue-addedproductandwillincludegatetogate environmental information on the valorization stage. The core processes that may beconsidered:§ Externaltransportationtothecoreprocesses

§ Manufacturingofthevalue-addedproduct

§ Storage

§ Treatmentofwastegeneratedfromthecoreprocesses

§ Impactsduetotheelectricityproductionaccordingtheproperenergymixhypotheses(seeSection7.4)

§ Manufactureofvalorizationprocessequipment(optionalforTRL3-4;mandatoryforTRL5-9)

6.3DownstreamprocessesThedownstreamprocessesinclude:§ Transportation from final manufacturing to an average retailer/distribution (weighted

average)

§ Usecase(optionalforTRL5/6/7;mandatoryforTRL8/9)

7.CoreModule

7.1Systemboundaries

7.1.1TechnicalsystemTheprocesseslistedinSection6.2fortheproductionofthefinalvalue-addedproduct,includingpackaging, shall be included. Other manufacturing processes may also be included. Theproductionoftherawmaterialsusedforproductionofspecifictechnologiesmustbeincluded.The gross weight and energy (depending on the main function of product) of product /technologyoutputincludingpackagingshallbeincluded.Thetechnicalsystemshallnotinclude:§ buildingsandothercapitalgoodswithanexpectedlifetimeofmorethanthreeyears

§ Businesstravelforpersonnel

§ Traveltoandfromworkbypersonnel

§ Researchanddevelopmentactivities

For additional information about system boundaries concerning waste, etc., see the GeneralProgrammeInstructions.

7.1.2BoundariesinTimeThelifecycleinventory(LCI)datashallberepresentativeforthetimeperiodforwhichthereferenceflowistaken.ThetemporalresolutionofLCAdatacouldbedefinedbyTRLs:ForTRL3/4,usethebesttemporalinformation/dataavailable.

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ForTRL5/6/7,providethemostpresentative(orempirical)temporalinformation/dataforcase

study.

ForTRL8/9,providecasespecifictemporalinformation/data.

7.2Cut-offrulesLCIdataforaminimumof95%oftotalinflowstothecoremoduleshallbeincluded.InflowsnotincludedintheLCAshallbedocumentedintheAgroCycle-LCA.Itisimportanttoemphasisethat–inmostcases–allavailabledatashallbeused.Usingcut-offrulesshouldnotgivetheperceptionsof“hiding”information,butrathertofacilitatethedatacollectionforpractitioners.Thedetailofcut-offrulescouldbedefinedaccordingtoTRLs(asfaraspracticallypossible):

ForTRL3/4,cut-offrulefordatais>75%ForTRL5/6/7,cut-offrulefordatais85-95%ForTRL8/9,cut-offrulefordatais>95%

7.3AllocationrulesAllocationrulesmustbedefinedforindividualproductswhenthemanufacturingprocessesresultinmanykindsofproductsandwherethereisonlyaggregateinformationavailableaboutthetotalactivityandemissions.

Thefollowingprocedureshallbeundertakenasnecessary:§ Avoidallocationbycollectingmoreproductspecificinformationthatallowsforamore

detailedsystemdescription.§ Ifallocationcannotbeavoided,theinputsandoutputsofthesystemshouldbe

partitionedbetweenitsdifferentproductsorfunctionsinawaythatreflectstheunderlyingphysicalrelationshipsbetweenthem.

o Energy:energyallocationo Nutrient:N,P,Kallocation(asappropriatetothecasestudy)o Protein:proteinallocation

§ Wherepossible,allocationbetweendifferentproductsandco-productsshallbebasedonproductmass

§ Wherephysicalrelationshipsalonecannotbeestablishedorusedasthebasisforallocation,theinputsshouldbeallocatedbetweentheproductsandfunctionsinawaythatreflectsotherrelationshipsbetweentheme.g.economicvalue.

Theallocationprocedureusedshouldreflectthepedigreeoftheavailabledata(i.e.atheoretically‘better’methodsshouldnotbeusedifitreliesonpoorpedigreedata)

Incaseofeconomicallocation,theAGROCYCLE-LCAshalldetailthereferencevaluesthatisused.AnyotherallocationproceduresbasedonphysicalorchemicalcharacteristicsmustbespecifiedintheAGROCYCLE-LCAreport.

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7.4DataqualityrulesSpecificdata(alsoreferredtoasprimarydataandsite-specificdata)shallbeusedfortheCoreModule.Specificdataaregatheredfromthevalorizationprocessanddatafromotherpartsofthelifecycletracedtothespecificvalue-addedproductsystemunderstudy.Datawithhighspatial(withregionalorcountryspecification)andtemporalresolutionarerequiredforsocialindicatorsinallprocesseswithinthesystemboundary.Hightemporalresolutionisrequiredforeconomicindicatorsinallprocesseswithinthesystemboundary.Fortheelectricityusedintheprocess,therearetwoalternatives:thecompanybuystheenergyfromtheopenmarketelectricitymixorfromaspecificsupplierwithadefinedmix.Whileinthefirstcasethenationalelectricity,mixcanbeadopted,inthesecondcaseaspecificenergymixshouldbeused.Electricityproductionimpactsshouldbeaccountedforinthispriority:§ RECSorguaranteeoforiginfromsupplier

§ Electricitysupplier’sresidualenergymix

§ Nationalmix/electricitymixontheactualmarket(preferablyresidualmix,otherwisenationalmix)

Theelectricitymixusedshallbedocumented.ThedetailofelectricitymixcanbedefinedbyTRLs:ForTRL3/4,usebestpossibledata,butcanbeoflowpedigree.ForTRL5/6/7,goodpedigreedataatleast.ForTRL8/9,highpedigreedataspecifictothetechnology,geographyandtime.

8.UpstreamModule

8.1SystemboundariesAsaminimumtheprocesseslistedinSection6.1shallbeincludedintheupstreammodulebutotherprocessesnotlistedmayalsobeincluded.Allelementaryflowsatresourceextractionshallbeincluded,exceptfortheflowsthatfallunderthegeneral1%cut-offrule.

8.2DataqualityrulesAsageneralrule,specificdatashallalwaysbeusedifavailable.Fortheupstreammodule,specificfeedstockcharacterisationdatamustbeused.Specificdatashouldbeemployedforthefollowingactivities:

§ Feedstockproduction

§ Waterconsumption

§ Fuel/energyconsumption

§ Wastegeneration

§ Operationsatthewastevalorizationproductionfacility

8.2.1RulesforusinggenericdataWhenusingselectedgenericdata,prescribedcharacteristicsforprecision,completenessandrepresentativenessmustbefulfilledanddemonstrated,includingbutnotlimitedto:

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§ Referenceyeartobe‘actual-if-possible’,preferablybeingrepresentativeforatleast5years

§ Cut-offofatleast95%ofboththeenergy,themass,andtheoverallrelevanceoftheflows

§ Inventorydatasetshouldincludeallelementaryflowsthatcontributetothoseimpactcategoriesdefinedinthescope

§ Geographicalrepresentativenessoftheinventoryforthetechnologyorproductshould,asageneralprinciple,bebetterthan±5%.

8.2.2DataqualitydeclarationThepedigreeofalldatashouldbeassessedandreportedfollowingtheTRLguidelinesdefinedabove.

9.DownstreamModuleTheprocesseslistedinSection6.3shallbeincludedinthedownstreammodule.ThedownstreammoduleshallbebasedonrelevantscenariosforthegeographicalareainwhichtheAGROCYCLE-LCAisvalid.

9.1TransportationfromfinalValorizationprocesstoanaverageretailer/distributionplatform.Transportofthevalue-addedproducttoacustomershall,asafirstoption,bebasedontheactualtransportationdistances.Asasecondoption,itcanbecalculatedastheaveragedistanceofaproductofthattypetransportedwithdifferentmeansoftransportor,iffewtransportdataareavailable,itcanbecalculatedasafixedtransportdistanceof100km(smalltruck),1000km(largetruck)or10,000km(airplane)accordingtoproducttype.

9.2Usephaseofvalue-addedproductTheusephaseofthevalue-addedproductshouldnotbeincluded

9.3WastetreatmentofpackagingwasteScenariosforthewastetreatmentofpackagingwasteshallbedefinedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA.Theinformationshallbetechnicallyandeconomicallypracticable,andcompliantwithcurrentregulations.

10.Sustainabilityperformanceinformation

10.1UseofresourcesTheconsumptionofnaturalresourcesandresourcesperdeclaredunitshallbereported intheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodule.Inputparameters,extractedresources:§ Non-renewableresources

- Materialresources

- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)

§ Renewableresources

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- Materialresources

- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)

§ Secondaryresources

- Materialresources

- Energyresources(usedforenergyconversionpurposes)

§ Recoveredenergyflows(suchthermal)expressedinMJ

§ Waterusedividedin:

- Totalamountofwater

- Directamountofwaterusedbythecoreprocess

Thefollowingrequirementsontheresourcedeclarationalsoapply:

§ allparametersforresourceconsumptionshallbeexpressedinmass,withtheexceptionofrenewableenergyresourcesassociatedwiththegenerationofhydroelectric,windelectricityandsolarenergy,whichshallbeexpressedinMJ;

§ allparametersshallnotbeaggregatedbutreportedseparately.Resourceswhichcontributelessthan5%ineachcategoryshallbeincludedintheresourceslistas“other”;

§ nuclearpowershallbereportedamongthenon-renewableenergyresourcesaskgofuraniumcalculatedbyconvertingthethermalenergy(MJ)consideringa3rdgenerationreactorwithanefficiencyof33%.

10.2PotentialenvironmentalimpactsThepotentialenvironmentalimpactperdeclaredunitforthefollowingenvironmentalimpactcategoriesshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialenvironmentalimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:

§ Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.

§ Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing abroad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.

§ Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.

The potential midpoint environmental indicators are listed in Table 1. Other environmentalindicators could be added into the Tier 3 category, according to characteristics of the wastevalorization processes or products. Monetary valuations are recommended for aggregatingdifferentenvironmentalimpactsintototalenvironmentalimpactsattheendpointlevel.

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Table1PotentialenvironmentalindicatorsforAgroCycle

Mid-pointlevelenvironmentalissue Indicator Unit Impactresolution

GlobalwarmingGlobalwarmingpotential

(GWP,100years)kgCO2-eq Globallevel

Acidification Acidificationpotential(AP)KgSO2-eqorm2UES

Highspatialresolution

Eutrophication

Aquaticeutrophicationpotential(EP)

kgPO43--eq

orkgNO3-eqHighspatialresolution

Terrestrialeutrophicationpotential(EP)

m2UESHighspatialresolution

Wateruse Bluewaterconsumption m3Highspatialresolution

Landuse Landoccupation m2-yearsHightemporalandspatialresolution

Mineralresourcedepletion

Mineralextraction MJextra Globallevel

Humantoxicity

Humantoxicity,non-carcinogens(HTP)

kgC2H3Cl-eqHighspatialresolution

Humantoxicity,carcinogens(HTP)

kgC2H3Cl-eqHighspatialresolution

Ozonelayerdepletion

Ozonelayerdepletionpotential(ODP)

kgCFC-11-eq Globallevel

Eco-toxicity

Freshwatereco-toxicitypotential(ETP)

kgTEG-eqHighspatialresolution

Marinewatereco-toxicitypotential(ETP)

kgTEG-eq Globallevel

Terrestrialeco-toxicitypotential(ETP)

kgTEG-eqHighspatialresolution

PhotohemicalsmogPhotochemicaloxidation

potential(POCP)m2*ppm*hoursorkgC2H4-eq

Highspatialresolution

10.2.1SpecificationsforGWPcalculationsBothemissionstotheatmosphereandremovalsfromtheatmosphereshallbeaccountedfortheassessmentof theoverallGHGemissionsof theproductbeingassessed.Thisassessment shallinclude the gases arising from both fossil and biogenic sources for all products, with theexceptionofhumanfoodandanimalfeedproducts.Emissionsandremovalsofbiogeniccarbonshallbereportedseparately.

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Wheresomeorallremovedcarbonwillnotbeemittedtotheatmospherewithinthe100-yearassessmentperiod,theportionofcarbonnotemittedtotheatmosphereduringthatperiodshallbetreatedasstoredcarbon.Followingissuesshallbetakenintoaccount:§ Carbonstoragemightarisewherebiogeniccarbonformspartorallofaproduct(e.g.wood

fibreinatable),orwhereatmosphericcarbonistakenupbyaproductoveritslifecycle(e.g.cement).

§ Whileforestmanagementactivitiesmightresultinadditionalcarbonstorageinmanagedforeststhroughtheretentionofforestbiomass.

TheresultswithGHGemissionsoffsetmechanism(e.g.biogeniccarbon)shallbepresentedandcomparedwiththeresultswithoutGHGemissionsoffsetmechanisminAGROCYCLE-LCA.CriticalanalysisshouldbecarriedouttoinvestigatethecontributionofoffsetmechanisminoverallGHGemission.

10.3PotentialSocialimpactsThepotentialsocialimpactperdeclaredunitselectedfromthesocialimpactcategoriesofUNEP-SETACSocialLCAGuidelineshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialsocialimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:

• Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.

• Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing abroad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.

• Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.

ThepotentialsocialindicatorsarelistedinTable2.OthersocialindicatorscouldbeaddedtoTier3category,accordingtocharacteristicsofthewastevalorizationprocessesorproducts.Surveyof relevant stakeholders is recommended for weighting different social impacts in eachstakeholdercategoryforendpointresults.

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Table2PotentialsocialindicatorsforAgroCycle

Stakeholdercategory

Mid-pointlevel

socialissueIndicator Unit Impact

resolution

Worker Fairwage Cumulativeriskoffairwageinsupplychain

Semi-quantitative

results

Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Worker Healthandsafety

Cumulativefatalityrate(injuryrate)insupply

chainNumberofcase Highspatial

resolution

Worker Workingtime Cumulativeworkingtimeinsupplychain Second(s) Highspatial

resolution

Localcommunity

Publiclivingcondition

Avoidedenvironmentalcostonhumanhealthin

supplychainEuro2003

Highspatialresolution

Localcommunity

Provisionofemployment

Createdemploymentopportunity Numberofjob Highspatial

resolution

Worker Childlabour Cumulativechildlabourinsupplychain Labourunit Highspatial

resolution

Worker Forcedlabour Cumulativeforcedlabourinsupplychain Labourunit Highspatial

resolution

Society Contributiontoeconomy

Totaladdedvaluetoeconomyinmacroscale

Semi-quantitative

results

Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Society Technologydevelopment

Changeofproductionefficiency

Semi-quantitative

results

Highspatialresolution

ValuechainPromotingsocial

responsibilityWastereusedorrecycled Kgwaste Highspatial

resolution

Localcommunity

Resourceandenergysecurity

Avoidedresourceandenergy

kgresourceorMJenergy

Hightemporalandspatialresolution

10.4PotentialEconomicimpactsThepotentialeconomicimpactperdeclaredunitshallbereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,dividedintocore,upstreamanddownstreammodules.Thepotentialeconomicimpactsaregroupedintothreetiers,basedonimportanceorimpactrelevance,practicalityandcomplexity:

• Tier1(indicatorsinyellow):mostimportantorofglobalrelevance.ShouldbeincludedinanyAgroCycleLCAasbaselineindicators.

• Tier 2 (indicators in green ): Important indicators for circular economy, providing a

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broad picture of sustainability and performance of the supply chain in a circulareconomycontext.Recommendedtobe included inthefourcasestudiesforAgroCycledeliverables.

• Tier 3 (indicators in blue ): optional indicators for a comprehensive sustainabilityassessment.Where data are available should be included in the four case studies forAgroCycledeliverables.

The potential economic indicators are listed in Table 3. Other economic indicators could beadded into Tier 3 category, according to characteristics of thewaste valorization processes orproducts.Monetary aggregation shouldbeused for reportingendpoint results, dependingonthenatureoftheeconomicassessment.

Table3PotentialeconomicindicatorsforAgroCycle

Economicissue Indicator Unit Impactresolution

ProductionCost

Labourcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Transportationcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Equipmentcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Electricityandfuelcost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

wastecollectionandmaterialcost

€Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Maintenancecost €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Softcost(designfee,permitfee…)

€Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Profitability Netincomeperfunctionunit €Hightemporalandspatialresolution

Efficiencyofvaluecreationfromvalorization

Netvalueaddedperkgwaste €/kgHightemporalandspatialresolution

10.5WasteproductionWhentheamountofwastehastobedeclared,thefollowinginformationshallbereported:

§ Hazardouswaste,inkg(asdefinedbyregionaldirectives)

§ Non-hazardouswaste,inkg

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10.6OtherindicatorsThefollowingindicatorsperdeclaredunitcouldalsobereportedintheAGROCYCLE-LCA,divided

intocore,upstreamanddownstreammodule:

§ Materialcircularityindicator

§ Energyrecoveryindicator

§ Othersrelevanttothegoalofthestudy