175
cWofo !@
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
cfdfn] cfkm\gf] aRrf PSn}n] :ofxf/ ubf{ ysfO nfU5 . o; sfdsf nflu k|foh;f] cfdfn]
kl/jf/, ;fyL, l5d]sL / wfO{cfdfsf] ;xof]u lng'k5{ .
ckfª\utf ePsf s}og\ dlxnfn] aRrf x'sf{pg] tl/sf l5§} l;S5g\ . t/, cfk\mg} ckfª\tfsf]
sf/0f klg c?sf] ;xof]u lnO/x]sfn] aRrfsf] b}lgs x]/rfxsf nflu klg cGo ;xof]uLsf]
cfjZostf k5{ . gjhft lzz'nfO{ v'jfpg' tyf k6s k6s yfª\gfx¿ k]ml//xg' kg]{ x'G5 .
o;sf/0f c?sf] ;xof]u lng c;lhnf] dfGg' x'Fb}g . ;xof]uLx¿n] aRrfsf] x]/ljrf/ ubf{ub}{
;s];Dd ;'Ts]/L cfdfx¿nfO{ klg ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .
hlt g} w]/} c?sf] ;xof]u lnP klg ;'Ts]/L g} lzz'sf] cfdf x'g\ . aRrfsf] :ofxf/ ug{ s;}sf]
;xof]u lnP klg hGdlbg] cfdf cfdf g} x'g\ . x]g{, ;'Gg, p7\g / ;dfpg c?sf] e/ kg]{ u/]sL cfdf
eP klg cfk\mgf] aRrfsf] cfjZostf, ;'/Iff / ;Da[l4sf nflu s] s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df lg0f{o lng]
sfd pg}sf] xf] . lbg/ft cfk}m;Fu /fVg] qmddf aRrfn] cfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]V5, af]nL ;'G5 / cfdfsf]
z/L/sf] e]p kfpF5 tyf af:gf dx;'z u5{ / log} s'/fx¿n] cfk\mgf] cfdf sf] xf]– lrG5 .
176
aRrfnfO{ eljiodf c? dflg;;Fu ;DaGw ufF:g ;lhnf] x'G5 .
l;Sg / a'em\g ;d:of ePsf dlxnfo:tf ckf+utf ePsf dlxnfx¿ klg c;n cfdf aGg ;S5g\ . o:tf dlxnfx¿n]
aRrfsf] c;n cfdf x'gsf nflu cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o;Fu cfjZos ;xof]u lng' k5{ .
Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿;fgf aRrfx¿nfO{ /ft lbg cfxf/f lbg' / :ofxf/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ubf{ cfdfn] /fd|/L
;'Tg kfpFlbgg\ . aRrfn] /ftdf klg k6sk6s Ao"Femfpg] x'gfn] cfdfnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof lbp;f]sf]
;dodf ysfO dx;'; x'G5 . Tolt xF'bf xF'b} klg cfdfn] aRrfsf] x]/rfx ul//xg' kb{5 .
o;sf/0f c?af6 lgDg sfdsf nflu ;xof]u lng' k5{ M–
• aRrfnfO{ ;kmf;'U3/ /fVg .
hLjge/sf nflu cfTdLo ;DaGw :yfkgfaRRffsf] cfdf of d'Vo :ofxf/ ug]{ JolQm:fFusf] /fd|f] ;DaGwn]
g} aRrfsf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;df k|efj kf5{ . aRrf /
cfdfaLr 3lgi6tf sfod x'gfn], aRrfn] ;'/lIft dx;'; u5{ /
• aRrfsf] :jf:Yo hfFr ug]{ cj:yf
atfOlbg .
• cf}iflw v'jfpg' k/]sf] a]nfdf cf}iflwsf]
dfqf gfk ul/lbg .
• lgDg s'/faf6 aRrf ;'/lIft 5 eg]/
lglZrt ug'{ k5{, h:t}
— n8\gaf6
— kf]lngaf6
— hgfj/af6
— laiffn' kbfy{af6
— xflgsf/s a:t' d'vdf /fVg glbg / lgNg g;Sg] j:t' d'vdf /fVg glbg
— rf]6k6s nfUg glbg .
:tgkfg u/fpg ;Sg] cfdfn] a§fsf] b"w v'jfpg' cfjZos 5}g . t/ :tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg]
cfdfn] a§fsf] b"w jf cGo b"w /fd|/L tof/ u/]/ rDrfsf] ;xfotfn] aRrfnfO{ b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .
d cfdf x'F eGg] p;n] lrG5 . p;n] d]/f]
ckfª\utfaf/] ce}m e]p kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
aRrf ;fgf] 5, dnfO{ aRrf n8fpF5' ls eg]/
8/ nfU5, cfdf dnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ g .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
177
:tgkfg;Dej eP;Dd aRrfnfO{ cfdfn] g}
:tgkfg u/fpg' kb{5 . aRrf hGd]sf] @÷# lbg
;Dd cfpg] cfdfsf] kx]+nf] b"w -ljuf}tL_ aRrfsf]
;j}eGbf pQd cfxf/ xf] . o:tf] b"wn] aRrfsf]
k]6 ;kmf x'G5 . of] b"wdf gjlzz'nfO{ cfjZos
kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ kf]if0ftTjx¿ x'G5g\ / o;n] /f]u
nfUgaf6 klg arfpF5 . k|;:t dfqfdf :tgkfg
ug]{ lzz'nfO{ s'g} klg /;flb hGd3"F6L of lrgL–kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . ;Dej eP;Dd ^
dlxgf;Dd cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ cGo cfxf/ glbO{
:tgkfg dfq u/fpg' k5{ . olb aRrfnfO{
:tgkfg u/fpg Hofb} g} sl7gfO 5 eg] xftn] cfdfsf] b"w g} ;jf]{Qd
lgrf]/]/ b"w s'g} ;kmf efF8fjt{gdf hDdf u/]/ -rDrf skåf/f_ b"w v'jfpg] ug'{xf];\ .
:tgkfg clt cfjZos 5 lsgeg] M
aRrfnfO{ :j:y / tGb'?:t kfg]{ ;aeGbf pQd cfxf/ cfdfsf] b"w xf] .
:tgkfgn] ;'Ts]/L e};s]kl5 /ut hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ /f]S5 .
cfdfsf] b"waf6 kvfnf, lgdf]lgof h:tf ;+qmd0fx¿af6 arfpg] zlQm aRrfsf] z/L/df
hfG5 .
:tgkfgn] cfdf / aRrf cfTdLo ;DaGw a9fpF5 .
sltko dlxnfnfO{ :tgkfgn] ^ dlxgfleq ue{jtL x'gaf6 arfpF5 .
:tgkfgsf] k};f nfUb}g .
ckfª\utf ePsf clwsf+z dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;S5g\ . s;}s;}nfO{
eg] :tgkfg u/fpFbf aRrfnfO{ 7Ls;Fu /flv/fVg c?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos k5{ . sf]xL cfdfsf] b"w
k|z:t cfpFb}g . s'g} s'g} ckfª\utfsf] sf/0fn] cfdfx¿ -dlxnf_ ysfO / sdhf]/L dx;'; ub{5g\ .
o;sf/0f cfdf cfk"mn] g} aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;S5' ls ;lSbg eg]/ lg0f{o lng' k5{ .
aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg s;/L u/fpg]
o; aRrfsf] d'vn]
cfdfsf] :tg /fd|/L
Rofk]sf] 5 .
o; aRrfsf] d'vn]
cfdfsf] :tg /fd|/L
Rofk]sf] 5}g .
k|foh;f] aRrfx¿n] :tgkfg ug]{
tl/sf hGdhft hfg]sf x'G5g\ . t/,
ltgLx¿nfO{ :tgsf] d'G6f k]mnf kfg{ ;xof]u
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . aRrfsf] d'vn] cfdfsf] :tg
/fd|/L Rofk]sf] x'g' kb{5 / d'G6f] d'vsf]
leqL efu;Dd k'Ug' h?/L x'G5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
178
aRrfnfO{ s;/L ;dfpg] jf af]Sg]z'?df b"w VjfpFbf b'Vg ;S5 . t/ aRrfsf] cf;g 7Ls
5 eg], aRrfn] /fd|f];Fu r':g yfN5 . olb o:tf] gePdf
cfdfsf] a:g] tl/sf jf aRrfsf] a:g] tl/sf x]/k]m/ ub}{
r';fpg' k5{ . aRrfsf] d'vn] :tgnfO{ /fd|/L Rofk]sf] 5 5}g
lglZrt ug'{ k5{ .
k|foM dlxnf -cfdf_ n] ufpFsf jf 3/sf cGo dlxnfx¿n]
:tgkfg u/fPsf] b]v]/ g} :tgkfg u/fpg l;Sb5g\ . ufpFdf
ckfª\utf ePsf sf]xL dlxnf cfdf eO{;s]sL 5g\ eg] pgL;Fu ;/;Nnfx lng ;lsG5 .
ckfª\utf ePsf w]/}h;f] dlxnfn] cfkm'nfO{ ;lhnf] dx;';
x'g] cj:yfdf dfq} cfkm\gf] aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpFb5g\ .
s]xL dlxnfn] 9f8 / kfv'/fnfO{ c8]; lbg] s';L{ jf cf]5\ofgdf
a;]/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lhnf] 7fGb5g\ . o;/L v'§fn] klg s]xL
j:t'dfly cf8 lnP/ cf/fd kfpF5 .
kfv'/f / z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efu /fd|/L rnfpg ;Sg], cfdfn]
klg aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lS5g\ . aRrfsf] 6fpsf] /fd|f];Fu
cf8 nfu]sf] / cfdfsf] a;fO klg cf/fdbfoL x'g' kb{5 eGg]
s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ .
:tgkfg u/fpFbf cfdfn]
aRrfsf] 6fpsf], kl5Nnf]
efuaf6 ;dfpg' kb{5 jf
l;/fgLsf] cf8 lnO{
;lhnf];Fu :tgkfg
u/fpg' kb{5 .
cfdfx¿n] :tgkfg u/fpgsf nflu Pp6f ;lhnf]] a;fO tl/sf kQf nfpg' k5{ . olb
cfdfnfO{ cfjZos k¥of] eg] c?;Fu klg ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 . oxfF s]xL ;'emfjx¿ 5g\ .
cfdfx¿n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ jf ;fyL;Fu ;xof]u lng ;Sg' x'G5 . pgLx¿n] aRrfnfO{ s;/L
;dfpFbf cfk'mnfO{ aRrfnfO{ b"w r';fpg ;lhnf] x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f atfpg' k5{ . cfjZos k¥of]
eg] aRrfnfO{ vf; u/L p;sf] 6fpsf] ;dfpg] plrt tl/sf atfOlbg' k5{ . cfkm\gf] aRrf
;dfpg g;s] klg :tgkfg ug]{ qmddf aRrfn] cfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg ;S5, tyf Gofgf] dx;'; u5{
/ cfdfsf] z/L/sf] af:gf rfn kfpF5 .
w]/}h;f] dlxnfx¿ cfk"m sf]N6f] k/L aRrfnfO{ l;/fgL of a]/]sf]
sk8fdfly sf]N6f] kf/]/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lhnf] dfGb5g\ .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
179
:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg]n] s] ug]{:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg] cfdfn] cfkm\gf]
b"w :tgaf6 lgsfnL srf}/f jf skdf /fvL
v'jfpg ;lsG5 . olb cfk}mn] :tgaf6 b"w
lgsfNg g;s]df cfkm'n] laZjf; ug]{ s;};Fu
;xof]u lng' k5{ .
aRrfsf] tf}n a9]sf] 5 / lbgdf slDtdf
^ k6s lk;fj k]mg]{ u5{ eg] p;n] /fd|/L
:tgkfg ug{ kfPsf] 5 jf b"w k'u]sf] 5 eGg]
s'/f a'lemG5 .
:tgsf] x]/larf/ 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] klg cfdfnfO{
aRrfnfO{ b"w v'jfpg d2t ug{ ;S5g\ .
:tg b'Vg':tg b'Vg'sf] sf/0f :tgsf] d'G6f]df 3fp jf :tg b"wn] el/P/ tyf s8f eP/ x'g ;Sb5 .
k|foh;f] o:tf] b'vfO{ !÷@ lbgdf g} lj;]s eOxfN5 . :tgdf kL8f eO/x]tf klg aRrfnfO{
:tgkfg u/fO/xg' / aRrfnfO{ k6sk6s r';fO/xg' k5{ . :tgkfg gu/fPdf :tg uflgg ;S5 .
d'G6fdf 3fp x'g' jf lrl/g'aRrfn] b"w r':bf :tgsf k"/} d'G6f]sf ;fy} :tgnfO{ klg
d'vn] /fd|/L Rofk]sf] x'g' k5{ . olb p;n] d'G6f] dfq Rofk]/ b"w
r':g] u¥of] eg] :tgsf d'G6fdf 3fp x'g] jf lrl/g] u5{ .
/f]syfd / pkrf/• aRrfn] hlta]/ / hlt k6s b"w r':g vf]H5, :tgkfg
u/fpg' k5{ .
• b"w r';fO;s]kl5 Psb'O{ yf]kf b"w lgrf]/]/ :tgsf] d'G6fdf bNg' k5{ .
• :tgdf ;+qmd0f ePsf avt afx]s c? a]nf :tgsf] d'G6fdf ;fa'gn] w'g' jf lqmd bNg'
xF'b}g . z/L/n] agfO/xg] k|fs[lts t]nn] g} d'G6fnfO{ g/d / ;kmf /fVb5 .
• :tg sl:;g] jf kfl5g] vfnsf sk8f nufpg] ug'{
x'Fb}g .
• aRrfn] r':bf ;fx|} b'Vg] u/]df xft}n] b"w lgsfn]/
skdf /fvL rDrfn] v'jfpg] ug'{ k5{ . d'G6fsf] 3fp
@ lbg hltdf lgsf] eO;S5 .
• :tg s8f x'g / w]/} g} el/g lbg' xF'b}g . olb aRrf
c3fP/ klg b"w lgv|g ;s]g eg] :tgnfO{ tftf]
sk8f jf tf}lnofn] 5f]k]/ lgrf]/]/ b"w kmfNg' kg]{
x'G5 . s]xL ;dokl5 aRrfn] vfg] hlt b"w dfq cfpF5 / b"w uflgg] ;d:of x'Fb}g .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
180
sfO{ kg"{aRrfn] ;xL cj:yfdf g} b"w r'l;/x]sf] ePklg Ps
xKtf;Dddf klg b'v]sf] 7Ls ePg eg] :tgsf] d'G6fdf sfO{
k/]sf] x'g ;S5 . sfO{ kg'{ eg]sf] Psk|sf/sf] kmË; ;+qmd0f
xf] . :tgsf] d'G6f r/sr/s u/]/ kf]Ng] / b'Vg] x'G5 . aRrfsf]
d'vdf ;]tf] wAaf jf /ftf]kg b]vfk5{ . o:tf] a]nfdf aRrf w]/}
?G5 .
o; sfO{sf sf/0fn] d'G6f] lrl/g] / :tgdf ;+qmd0f x'g]
ub{5 . o;sf/0f cfdf / aRrf b'a}sf] pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .
sfO{ k/]sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug]{)=@%Ü h]lG;og efon]6sf] 3f]n agfpg] . o;sf
nflu ahf/df !Ü h]lG;og efon]6sf] 3f]n :jf:Yorf}sL of
ahf/af6 Nofpg' xf];\ . / ;f] 3f]nsf] ! lrof rDrfdf tLg
lrof rDrf kfgL ld;fpg' xf];\ / o;kl5 )=@%Ü h]lG;og
efon]6sf] 3f]n aG5 .
;kmf skf;nfO{ l;Gsf]df a]g]{ / ;f] skf;lt/sf] efudf
3f]n rf]k]/ :tgsf] d'G6fdf / aRrfsf] d'vdf ePsf] ;]tf]
bfu ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ efudf bNg'xf];\ . of] 3f]n nuftf/ %
lbg;Dd k|of]u ug'{xf];\ . h]lG;og efon]6 nufpbf aRrfsf]
d'v / :tgsf] d'G6f a}hgL /Ëdf kl/0ft x'g5 . h'g ;fdfGo
cj:yf xf] . of] 3f]n nufPsf avt :tgkfg u/fO/xg'kb{5 . 3f]n nufPsf] # lbg ;Dddf
clnslt klg l7s ePg eg] :jf:YosdL{sf] ;Nnfx lng'xf];\ .
:tg ;+qmd0f -:tg ;"hg_:tg b'Vg' jf d'G6fdf 3fp jf lrl/g] ;d:ofaf6 g} :tg ;+qmd0f x'g
hfG5 .
;+s]tx¿• :tgsf] efu tftf], /ftf], ;'lGgg' / cToGt kL8f x'g'
• Hj/f] jf sfd 5'6\g'
• k|foh;f] sfvLd'lgsf] ;|fjgnL (Lymph node) k'mlNnP/ ufF7f]
h:tf] aGg' of 3fp x''g'
• :tgleq ag]sf] 3fp slxn]sfxL+ k'm6]/ kLk lg:sg' .
sfO{ k/]sf]
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
181
pkrf/aRrfnfO{ nuftf/ :tgkfg u/fpg' kb{5 . klxn] ;+qmd0f
ePsf] :tgaf6 b"w r';fpg'xf];\ jf xftn] lyr]/ kmfNg'xf];\ . of]
;+qmd0f aRrfdf ;b}{g .
• kof{Kt cf/fd ug]{ / t/n÷emf]n kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ .
• :tgkfg u/fpg'eGbf !% ldg]6 cufl8 g} tftf] sk8fsf]
;]s lng] . b'vfO sd u/fpg :tgkfg gu/fPsf avt
lr;f] sk8fsf] ;]s lng] .
• aRrfn] r'l;/x]sf] :tgdf xNsf;Fu dfln; ug]{ .
• 6flnPsf b'wsf gnLx¿ / :tg ;'h ePsf] :yfgdf
tftf] kfgLdf lehfPsf] sk8fsf] ;]s lnFbf kmfO{bf ub{5 .
• b'vfO sd ug]{ kf/fl;6fdf]n cf}iflw vfg] / :jf:YosdL{;Fu
;Nnfx lng] .
PrcfOle÷P8\; / :tgkfgPrcfOle÷P8\; ePsf s'g} s'g} cfdfsf] b"waf6 aRrfnfO{ ;+qmd0f ;5{ . t/, sltko
PrcfOeL ePsL cfdfn] :tgkfg u/fPsf aRrfx¿ ;+qmldt ePsf 5}gg\ . lsg PrcfOeL
s;}nfO{ ;5{ s;}nfO{ ;b}{g eGg] sf/0f yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;DejtM PrcfOeL lgDg cj:yfx¿df
a9L ;5{ M
• cfdf ev{/} PrcfOeLaf6 ;+qmldt ePsL l5g\ eg] .
• P8\;af6 l;ls:t cfdfaf6 .
• :tgkfg ;fy} jf]tnaf6 cGo b"w jf t/n kbfy{ v'jfOPsf] cj:yfdf .
• :tgsf] d'G6fdf 3fp jf :tgdf ;+qmd0f ePsL cfdfaf6 .
• aRrfsf] d'vdf sfO{ ;+qmd0f 5 eg] .
o:tf] cj:yfdf, s;/L aRrfnfO{
;'/lIft agfpg] eGg] tl/sf tf]Sg
;ls+b}g . o; sf/0f h] u/]tf klg,
aRrfnfO{ PrcfOeL eof] eg]
cfkm'nfO{ bf]ifL 7fGg' xF'b}g
hxfF ;kmf kfgLsf] ;'ljwf 5}g ToxfF w]/} aRrfx¿ kvfnfaf6
la/fdL k5{g\ / s}og d5{g\ klg . o;} u/L hxfF cleefjsx¿n]
aRrfnfO{ cGo k|sf/sf] b"w lknfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sb}gg\, To;
cj:yfdf aRrfx¿ s'kf]lift eO{ d5{g\ . o:tf cj:yfx¿df clwsf+z
cfdfx¿ PrcfOeL ePsL l5g\ eg] klg pgLx¿sf nflu aRrfsf]
cfxf/f lbg] ;'/lIft pkfo eg]sf] :tgkfg g} xf] .
PrcfOle ePsfn] :tgkfg u/fp“bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿PrcfOlesf] cf}iflw k|of]u ul//x]sL cfdfaf6 :tgkfg
u/fOx]sf a]nf efO/; ;g]{ sd ;Defjgf x'G5 . t/, PlG6/]6«f]efO/n
cf}iflw k|of]u gu/]s} eP klg lgDg tl/sfn] :tgkfgnfO{ ;'/lIft
u/fpg ;lsG5 M
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
182
• aRrfnfO{ ^ dlxgf;Dd :tgkfg dfq u/fpg] . cfdfsf] b"w vfPsfeGbf a§fsf of c?vfn]
b"w, cfxf/ jf k]o kbfy{ vfPsf aRrfx¿nfO{ ;+qmd0f x'g] a9L ;Defjgf x'G5 .
• ^ dlxgfkl5 :tgkfg gu/fpg] t/ b"w e\mjf§} g5'6fO{ qmdzM 5'6fpg' kb{5 .
• :tgsf d'G6fdf 3fp x'g glbg aRrfnfO{ ;xL cf;gdf /fvL :tgkfg u/fpg'xf];\.
• -aRrfsf] lhj|f] / :tgsf] d'G6fsf]_ sfO{, d'G6fsf] 3fp / :tg ;+qmd0fsf] t':Gt pkrf/
u/fpg] .
• ;'lGgPsf] jf 3fp ePsf] :tgaf6 aRrfnfO{ b"w gr';fpg] To;sf] b"w lgsfn]/ kmfNg' k5{ .
;f] :tg lgsf] gx'Fbf;Dd aRrfnfO{ csf]{ :tgaf6 b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .
cGo k|sf/sf b"wsf] k|of]u ug'{ k/]dfaRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg' /fd|f] xf] . t/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;Dej gx'Fbf cfdfsf] b"wsf] ;§f
cGo k|sf/sf h:t} a§] b"w klg ;'/lIft x'g ;S5 .
a§] b"w lsGg g;Sg]n] PrcfOeL÷P8\; gePsf gft]bf/ tyf ;fyLsf] b"w cfkm\gf] aRrfnfO{
v'jfpg ;lsG5 of aRrfnfO{ ufO{j:t'sf] b"w v'jfpg ;lsG5 .
aRrfnfO{ ufO{j:t'sf] b"w v'jfp“bfufO{j:t'sf] b"wdf aRrf a[l4 x'gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ kof{Kt le6fdLgx¿ xF'b}gg\ .
^ dlxgf k'u]kl5 aRrfnfO{ ;fu;JhL tyf kmnkm'nsf] /; / cGo vfB kbfy{x¿ v'jfpg'
kb{5 .
aRrfnfO{ sk / rDrfaf6 s;/L b"w v'jfpg] .:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sbf eg] aRrfnfO{ rDrf jf sksf] k|of]u u/]/ cfdfs} b"w, ufO{j:t'sf]
b"w jf a§] b"w klg v'jfpg ;lsG5 . b"wsf] sk ;dfpg g;Sg] cfdfx¿n] c?;Fu ;xof]u lnO{
aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg'xf];\ .
aRrfnfO{ skn] s;/L b"w v'jfpg]!= Pp6f ;kmf ;fgf] sksf] k|of]u ug'{ k5{ . pdfNg] Joj:yf gePdf
;fj'g kfgLn] sk /fd|f];Fu w'g' kb{5 .
@= aRrfnfO{ sfvdf nueu ;Lwf u/L /fVg' k5{ .
#= b"w /fv]sf] sk aRrfsf] d'vdf /fVg' k5{ / ;f] sknfO{ aRrfsf]
d'vdf b"w emg]{ u/L 9Nsfpg' k5{ . sknfO{ xn'sf] u/L tNnf]
cf]7sf] cf8df /fVg' k5{ . sksf] la6n] aRrfsf] dflyNnf] cf]7
%) ld=ln= e+ };Lsf] b"wdf cfwf
lrofUnf; -%) ld= ln=_ ;kmf kfgL
ld;fpg] / pdfNg] . dg tftf] ePkl5
aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg] .
!)) ld=ln= ufO{sf] b"wdf cfwf
lrofUnf; -%) ld= ln=_ ;kmf kfgL
ld;fpg] / pdfNg] . dg tftf] ePkl5
aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg] .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
183
klg 5'g] u/L /fVg' k5{ .
$= rDrfn] klg b"w v'jfpg ;lsG5 .
af]tnaf6 b"w v'jfpg' cl3 Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ 5Ú df cfof] eg] af]tnaf6 b"w v'jfpg'
;'/lIft x'G5 .
• ufpFdf ;kmf kfgLsf] :yfoL d'xfg 5 <
• kfgL pdfNgsf nflu bfp/f of dl§t]n of s'g} OGwgsf] Joj:yf
eO/xg ;Sg] cj:yf 5 <
• b"w v'jfpg] af]tn / d'G6f -lgkn_ k6sk6s lslg/xg ;Sg]
cj:yf 5 <
• 3/kl/jf/sf] cfly{s l:ylt a§] b"w jf ufO{j:t'sf] z'4 b"w
sDtLdf ^ dlxgf;Dd lsGg;Sg] cj:yf 5 <
• 3/kl/jf/df af]tn / To;sf] d'G6f plrt tl/sfn] ;kmf ug]{ / cGo k|sf/sf b"w tof/L
ug]{ hfgsf/L 5 <
aRrfnfO{ aflx/sf] b"w jf ufO{j:t'sf] b"w v'jfpg] cfdfn] ;a} a:t' jf efF8f ;kmf /fVg'
k5{ . sk, rDrf, af]tn / To;sf] /j/sf] d'G6f, b"w /fVg] efF8f]nfO{ ;kmf / /fd|f];Fu w'g'sf ;fy}
#) ldg]6;Dd kfgLdf pdfn]/ dfq k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . s[lqd a§] b"w tof/ ugf{;fy v'jfpg' k5{,
/ ufO{j:t'sf] b"w sf]7fsf] tfkqmddf @ 306feGbf a9L ;do;Dd /fVg' xF'b}g . o;f] u/]df Tof] b"w
;8\5 / aRrfnfO{ v'jfPdf aRrf la/fdL kg{ ;S5 . tof/ ul/Psf] a§] b"w lk|mhdf !@ 306f;Dd
/fVg ;lsG5 .
aRrfnfO{ 9\ofp u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{M
Pp6f dfq xft rNg] of xft /fd|/L
rnfpg g;Sg]n] aRrfnfO{ cl3lNt/
kmsf{P/ 3'F8fdf /fVg] / rNg] csf]{ xftn]
sfvLdf RofKg' k5{ / aRrfn] 9\ofp
gu?Gh]n / cf/fd dx;'; gu?Gh]n
aRrfnfO{ cufl8 k5fl8 e'mnfpg' k5{ .
b"w r';fO/x]sf] a]nf, s'g} aRrfn] xfjf klg lgN5 .
o;n] aRrfnfO{ c;'ljwf x'G5 . aRrfnfO{ xfjfdf prfn]/
kfv'/f jf 5fltdf xft /fvL 9f8 d;f/]]/ Tof] xfjf kmfnL
9\ofp ug{ d2t ug'{ k5{ . sfvdf a;]sf] jf ;'t]sf] a]nfdf
klg o;f] ug{ ;lsG5 .
kf:gL u/]kl5sf aRrfsf] cfxf/faRrf ^ dlxgf nfu]kl5 p;nfO{ cfdfsf] b"wsf ;fy}
cGo vfgf klg v'jfpg' kb{5 . ;w+} klxn] cfdfsf] b"w,
To;kl5 dfq cGo vfgf lbg' k5{ . z'?df cGo vfgf v'jfpFbf
ln6f] v'jfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . gofF lsl;dsf vfgfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu
ksfP/ / ldr]/ v'jfpg' kb{5 . klxn] tL vfgfnfO{ cfdfsf]
b"wdf ld;fP/ v'jfpFbf aRrfnfO{ lgNg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
184
s]xL lbgkl5 cGo ;xof]uL vfgf lbg z'? ug'{xf];\ t/ yf]/} yf]/} lbgsf] Ps b'O{ k6s dfq
v'jfpg' k5{ lsgls aRrfnfO{ krfpg ufx|f] kb{5 . dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] aRrfnfO{ zlQm k|bfg
ug]{ vfg]s'/fx¿ -h:t} lrNnf] vfB kbfy{_ / ;Dej ePdf yk kmnfd] tTj kfOg] -xl/of ;fu;JhL_
x¿ v'jfpg] ug'{ kb{5 . cGo yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu :jf:YosdL{;Fu ;Nnfx lng'k5{ .
ofb /fVg'xf];\, ;fgf aRrfsf] k]6 ;fgf] x'G5, To;sf/0f p;sf] k]6df Ps} k6s w]/} vfgf
c6\b}g . olb ;Dej ePdf aRrfnfO{ lbgdf %÷^ k6s vfgf v'jfpg' kb{5 / pRr zlQm lbg]
vfgf d'Vo vfgfdf ld;fO{ v'jfpg' kb{5 .
jRrf v]n]sf] / v'zL ePsf] a]nf dHhf;+u vfgf vfG5 . aRrf ef]sfP/ ?g yfn]kl5 dfq
aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg tof/ eOof] eg] o:tf] j]nf aRrfnfO{ ;'lj:tf;fy v'jfpg ;ls+b}g .
/fd|f];“u b]Vg g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx¿
ha aRrf cfkm} vfg ;Sg] x'G5, p;n] ;'?;'?df vfgf e'O{+df kf]Vg] u5{ . aRrfn] vfgf sxfF
kf]v]sf] 5 eg]/ cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/, ;fyL jf l5d]sLnfO{ ;f]Wg' kg]{ x'G5, o;f] ePdf ;kmf ug{
;lhnf] x'G5 . wGbf dfGg' kb}{g, aRrf 7'nf] x'Fb} hfFbf of pm cfk}m hfGg] ePkl5 p;n] yf]/}eGbf yf]/}
dfq kf]Vb5 .
Ps aif{ gf3]sf aRrfsf] vfgfaRrfsf] pd]/ k'u]kl5, yf]/} yf]/} u/]/ jo:sn] vfg] u/]sf
cfxf/f vfg ;S5, t}klg p;nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd cfdfsf] b"w / cGo
k|sf/sf b"w klg nuftf/ lgoldt ul//xg' k5{ .
lbgx'F, aRrfnfO{ 3/ufpFdf vfOg] …d'Vo vfgfÚ -h:t} eft of
/f]6L, bfn, t/sf/L_ v'jfpg'sf ;fy} p;sf] cfxf/df zlQmbfos,
k|f]l6go'Qm, le6fldg, cfO/g tyf vlgho'Qm …;xof]uLÚ vfgf klg
aRrfnfO{ ;lhnf] / ;'/lIft 7fpFdf /fVg'k5{tfls aRrf To; 7fpFaf6 gn8f];\, gv;f];\ . aRrfsf]vfgfsf] efF8f] jf srf}/f aRrfn] nfQfn] e]6\g g;Sg]7fpFdf dfq /fVg' kb{5 .
;w}+ ;Demg'xf]nf, xft /fd|f];Fu
;fa'g kfgLn] w'g' kb{5 .
aRrf c8\ofP/ /fv]sf] / nfQfn]
ge]6\g] u/L /fv]sf] ef8f
aRrfnfO{ rDrfn]
v'jfpFbf yf]/} yf]/}
u/L Vjfpg'k5{ .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
185
;dfj]z ul/Pdf aRrf tGb'?:t / :j:y eO{ x's{g]5 .
aRrfnfO{ e'nfpg]÷v]nfpg] tl/sfaRrf l/;fPsf] a]nf, aRrf kmsfpgsf nflu p;nfO{ cfdf
glhs} uP/ kmsfOg\ eg] jRrfn] ;'/lIft dx;'; u5{ . olb aRrf
/f]Psf] a]nf t'?Gt uP/ prfNg g;Sg] cfdf l5g\ eg] pgn] c?nfO{
cfk"m glhs} Nofpg nufpg' k5{ . o;f] ubf{ aRrfnfO{ cfk}m RofKg jf
af]Sg g;Sg] eP klg cfdfn] kmsfpg nfu]sf] p;n] cfjfh ;'G5 /
cfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]V5 . To;kl5 pm r'k nfUg] u5{ .
/fd|/L ;'Gg g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿k|foh;f] Pp6f :j:y aRrf ef]]sfPsf] jf lj;~rf] ePsf]
cj:yfdf w]/} ?G5 . o;sf/0f /fd|/L ;'Gg g;Sg] cfdfn] ;Dej
eP;Dd cfk\mgf] aRrfsf] glhsdf a:g' kb{5 o;f] ePdf pgn]
aRrfnfO{ cfk\mgf] ;xof]u cfjZos k/]sf] s'/f b]Vg ;lS5g\ . /ftdf,
;s];Dd aRrfsf] glhsdf ;'Tg' k5{ . o;f] ePdf cfdfn] aRrf
rn]sf] s'/f yfxf kfpg ;lS5g\ /, lbpF;f] klg aRrfnfO{ cfk'm
glhs} /fVg] ug'{k5{ .
af]Ng g;Sg] / ;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cfdfx¿n] cfkm\gf aRrf alx/f] gePklg
;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . o;f] ePdf aRrfn] hLjge/ g} cfdf;Fu ;f+s]lts efiff
k|of]u ug{ ;S5 . t/ To:tf aRrfnfO{ 3/sf cGo kl/jf/;Fu v]Ng] tyf a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOg' k5{,
h;n] ubf{ aRrfn] af]Ng l;Sb5 .
kmsfpg ufx|f] ePdfhGd]sf] s]xL dlxgf;Dd s]xL aRrfx¿ w]/} ?G5g\ . :tgkfg u/fO/x]sf aRrfx¿df o:tf]
;d:of sd b]lvG5, t}klg o:tf aRrfnfO{ :tg r':g nufP/, 9\ofp ug{ nufP/, 8'nfP/, sf]qmf]df
o:tf cfdfx¿n] aRrfsf] s'/f a'e\mg ;Sg]
x'g eg]/ c? cfdfn] eGbf a9L aRrf lng] ug'{
k5{ . aRrfn] cfdfsf] jf:gf tyf :kz{ / :j/
t'?Gt} lrGg]5 . o;n] ubf{ aRrfnfO{ cfdf;Fu
glhs ePsf] / cfkm' ;'/lIft dx;'; x'G5 .
d]/f] gftL w]/} rnfv 5 . p;n]
cfdf;Fu ;f+s]lts efiff l;ls/x]sf]
5 / d p;nfO{ af]Ng l;sfpFb}5' .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
186
/fvL xNnfP/, nf]/L ;'gfP/, s'/f u/]/, zfGt kfg{' kg]{ x'G5 . aRrfx¿ 8'Ng jf 3'Dg dg k/fpF5g\ .
To; avtdf aRrfsf] a'af, kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:o tyf x]/rfxstf{n] aRrfnfO{ kmsfpg ;xof]u
ug'{ kb{5 . o;f] ePdf cfdfnfO{ cf/fd ug]{ a9L ;do ldN5 .
aRrf;“u} ;'Tg' kbf{ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx¿;fgf aRrfx¿sf clwsf+z cfdfx¿ cfkm\gf]
;fgf] aRrf glhs} ;'Tg] ubf{ /fd|/L cf/fd ug{ kfpF5g\ .
aRrf;Fu} cfdf ;'Tbf aRrf ef]sfP/ p7]sf] ;dodf
pgLnfO{ b"w v'jfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 / aRrfnfO{ gp7Lsg}
k'mnfpg ;lS5g\ . cfFvf gb]Vg] / sfg g;'Gg] cfdfn]
klg aRrfn] vfg vf]h]sf] / p;nfO{ sk8f km]/Llbg'
kg]{ cj:yf t'?Gt} rfn kfpF5g\ .
lx+8\g ck\7\of/f] x'g] ckfª\utf ePsf, cfdfn]
la5\of}gf 5]p aRrfsf yfªgfx¿, nuf}+6L, / ;kmf
sk8f, /fVg] ug'{ k5{ / o;f] u/]df /ftL gp7Lsg g}
aRrfsf] yfªgf / sk8f k]ml/lbg ;lsG5 .
lx8\g ck\7\of/f] x'g] ckfª\utf ePsf sf/0f
kN6]/ aRrfsf] 5]p k'Ug' kg]{ jf 7f8f] k/]/ ;'Tg' kg]{
cfdfn] ;lhnfsf nflu cGo pkfo ug'{ k5{ . oxfF
Pp6f pbfx/0f 5 .
;'t]sf :yfgaf6 kN6]/ aRrfsf] 5]pdf k'Ug]
;f]r /fVg] cfdfn] aRrf cfk"m 5]pdf
;'tfpg x'g] u/L sf]qmf] agfpg'xf];\ . aRrf
:ofxf/ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] u/L sf]qmf]sf]
Psflt/ clnslt v'nf /fVg] u/L agfpg
nufpg'xf];\ . To; sf]qmf]nfO{ s'g} sk8fn]
a]/L aRrf tyf cfdfnfO{ rf]6k6s gnfUg]
u/L agfOPsf] x'g' k5{ .
aRrfsf] sk8f x]/k]m/ ug{sf nflu Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/fx¿:j:y aRrf ;lqmo x'G5, rndn u5{ . o:tf] aRrf hlt a9\b} hfG5, Tolt g} p;sf sk8f
x]/k]m/ ug{ sl7g kb}{ hfG5 . o; sf/0f aRrfsf] sk8f nufOlbg / km'sfpg ;lhnf] x'g] vfnsf]
l;Olbg' k5{ of lsGg' k5{ . h:t}M r]g ePsf nfdf] t'gf ePsf, pSsfpg / 6fF:g ;lhn} ;lsg]
sk8f 6fFs nufpg] / 5f]6f t'gf ePsf eGbf ;lhnf x'G5g\ .
aRr /fVg] 6]andf
g/d vfnsf] sk8f
/fv]/ clg aRrfnfO{
;'tfpg' k5{ .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
187
aRrfnfO{ ;/;kmfO ubf{ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx¿aRrfnfO{ ;/;kmfO ubf{ p;nfO{ ;fgf–;fgf v]nf}gf lbPdf aRrf Tolt a9L rndn ub}{g.
aRrfn] 5'g ;Sg] of ;dfTg ;Sg] ljleGg k|sf/sf v]nf}gfx¿ ;+sng ug'{xf];\ / tL v]nf}gfx¿
aRrfsf] sk8f x]/k]m/ / ;kmfO ug]{ a]nfdf km]/L–km]/L lbg] ug'{xf];\ . gofF lsl;dsf v]nf}gfn]
aRrfsf] Wofg a9L tfGg]5 . 3/sf ;fdfGo a:t' klg v]nf}gfsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
pbfx/0fsf nflu aHg] u]8fu'8L, 306L, e'md|fsf] k'tnL, cyjf /ËLg sfuh cflb . ha PsPs u/L
v]nf}gf aRrfnfO{ lbO;lsG5, ta ;aeGbf klxnf lbOPsf] v]nf}gf lbOof] eg] p;nfO{ ;f] v]nf}gf
gofF nfUg] u5{ . oxfF s]xL 3/df tof/ ug{;lsg] v]nf}gfsf pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ M
wfuf]sf] 6f]6f, Knfl:6ssf] af]tnsf]
uf]nf] lr/f, Knfl:6ssf] af]tnsf]
lasf]{lt/sf] cfwL efu,
/ª\uLrª\uL sfuhsf 6'qmfx¿
of ;fgf] an
v]nf}gfsf] la6 of 6'Kkf] ltvf] x'g' xF'b}g / v]nf}gf
aRrfn] d'vdf xfNg ;Sg] cfsf/eGbf 7"nf] x'g' k5{ eGg]
s'/fdf Hofb} Wofg lbOg' k5{ .
xft rnfpg g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿xft /fd|/L rnfpg g;Sg] w]/}h;f] dlxnfx¿n] klg aRrfsf] dnåf/ / d"qåf/ ;kmf ul/lbg
;S5g\ . t/ k|foh;f] ltgLx¿n] dnåf/ / d"qåf/ 9flslbg] nuf}+6L -Gofklsg / 8fOk/_ nufOlbg
;Sb}gg\ vf; u/L ;]lk\m6lkgn] s:g] vfnsf nuf+}6Lx¿ . To:tf] sfo{ ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] 3/
kl/jf/ / ;xof]uLk|lt e/ kg'{ kg]{ x'g;S5 . aRrfnfO{ ;kmf ug{ / sk8f km]l/lbg g;Sg] cfdfn]
;w+} aRrfsf] ;/;kmfO ul/;s]kl5,
sk8f km]l/lbPkl5, aRrfnfO{
zf}rfnodf lb;f, lk;fj
u/fO;s]kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] cfkm\gf]
xft ;kmf;Fu w'g' kb{5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
188
klg c? s;}n] aRrfnfO{ ;/;kmfO ul//x]sf] avtdf cfk\mgf] cg'xf/ aRrfn] b]Vg] u/L tyf cfjfh
;'Gg] u/L p;sf] 5]pd} a:g] ug'{ k5{ . o;f] ePdf aRrfn] cfkm'nfO{ cfdfn] g} ;kmf ub}{l5g\ eGg]
dx;'; ub{5 .
Pp6f dfq xft ePsL jf /fd|/L xft
grNg] cfdfn] aRrf nueu ! dlxgf
k'u]kl5 p;nfO{ yfª\gf k]mg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
tl/sf l;sfpg yfNg' k5{ . ha aRrfsf]
k'7\7fd'lg ;kmf sk8f /flvG5, To;kl5
p;sf] k'7\7fnfO{ @÷# k6s prfNg] ug'{k5{ .
x/]s k6s yfª\gf k]mbf{ p;sf]
k'7\7fnfO{ @÷# k6s prfNg] ug'{k5{ . o;f]
ubf{ p;sf] k'7\7fdf 5'gf;fy p;n] cfk\mgf]
k'7\7f cfk}m prfNg yfN5 . o;n] aRrfsf] yfª\gf k]mg]{ sfddf ;lhnf] x'G5 .
aRrfsf] lb;flk;fj ug]{ cª\ux¿nfO{ lkgn] gpg]sf] yfª\gfn] a]/]/ To;kl5 s5\5L nufOlbg'
k5{ . ;f] s5\5L lk;fan] leh]kl5 k]ml/lbg' k5{ . aRrfsf] lb;flk;fjn] leh]sf ;j} yfª\gfx¿ tyf
sk8fx¿ /fd|/L wf]P/ 3fddf ;'sfpg] ug'{ k5{ .
b[li6ljxLg jf /fd|/L gb]Vg]n] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿o:tf cfdfx¿nfO{ aRrfsf] k'7\7f j/k/ lb;f /fd|f];Fu
;kmf eP–gePsf] yfxf kfpg ufx|f] x'G5 . oxfF s]xL
;'emfjx¿ 5g\ .
k|;:t dfqfdf kfgL 5 eg], Pp6f
efF8f]df kfgL /fv]/ aRrfsf] lb;f
;kmf ug{ ;lsG5 .
aRrfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu tnaf6 ;dft]/
Pp6f 6]a'nsf] lsgf/fdf cf8 nufO{
kfgL vGofP/ klg ;kmf ug{ ;lsG5
aRrfnfO{ g'xfOlb+bf kfgL /fv]sf] af6fdf
kfgL tn sk8f /fv]/ aRrfnfO{ a;fpg'
k5{, o;f] u/]df aRrf kfgLdf lrKnb}g .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
189
kfgL k|;:t gePdf, aRrfsf] lb;f kftnf] lr;f] sk8fn] k'5\g' k5{ . afSnf] sk8f k|of]u ug'{
x'Fb}g, afSnf] ePsf] sf/0f sxfFg]/ lb;f 5 eGg] yfxf kfpg ;ls+b}g . k|of]u ul/Psf] sk8fnfO{
;fj'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu wf]P/ 3fddf ;'sfpg] ug'{k5{ .
aRrfnfO{ slAhot ePsf] 5 eg] u'båf/df yf]/} vfg] t]n dNg'k5{ . t/ ;fgf aRrfnfO{
ag:klt t]n cflb Vjfpg' x'Fb}g .
aRrfnfO{ af]Sbf / 8'nfp“bf ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿
a};fvL 6]s]/ aRrf af]s]sL dlxnf
a}zfvL jf n7\7L k|of]u ug]{sf nfluaRrf sfvdf af]s]/ lxF8\g w]/} ufx|f]
kb{5 . o:tf dlxnfn] aRrfnfO{
lk+7\o"Fdf af]Sbf /fd|f] x'G5 .
xft kfv'/f / v'§f sdhf]/ x'g] cfdfnfO{ aRrf af]Sg
/ 3'dfpg ;f/} cK7\of/f] jf sl7gfO x'G5 . aRrf af]Sbf /
3'dfpFbf z/L/ ;Gt'ng ug{ ufx|f] k5{ / 9f8 b'Vg] ;d:of
b]vf kb{5 . ljleGg tl/sfn] aRrf af]Sg] ug'{ k5{ / s'g
tl/sfn] af]Sbf ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 To;} u/L aRrfnfO{ af]Sg]
ug{' k5{ . s]xL dlxnfn] aRrfnfO{ cufl8 af]Sg ;lhnf]
dfg]sf 5g\ eg] s;}n] k5fl8 af]]Sg ;lhnf] dfg]sf 5g\ .
aRrf lbgk|ltlbg r~rn] / ux|f}+ eO/x]sf] x'G5, To;}n] Ps
dlxgf cl3 ;lhnf] ePsf] tl/sf csf]{ dlxgfdf ;lhnf]
gx'g klg ;S5 .
z'?df aRrfsf] tf}nn] zf/Ll/s ;Gt'ngnfO{ c;/
kfb{5 t/ aRrfnfO{ ;fg}af6 af]Sg z'? ul/Psf] 5 eg] kl5
klg afgL kb}{ hfG5 . aRrf 7"nf] xF'b} / ux|f}+ eO/x]sf] eP
klg cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg ;lsG5 .
xft kfv'/fx¿ /fd|/L rnfpg g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿aRrfsf] :ofxf/;';f/ s;/L
ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/faf/] ckfª\utf ePsf
c? dlxnfx¿nfO { klg cfkm \gf
cg'ejx¿ atfpg'xf];\ .
of] aRrf af]Sg k|of]u ug]{ emf]nf xf],
o;sf] k|of]u ubf{ kfv'/fdf a9L hf]8
gkg]{ / aRrfnfO{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
of] emf]nf cufl8 jf k5fl8 b'a} kl§af6
af]Sg ;lsG5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
190
XjLn lro/ jf 7]nf k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿XjLn lro/ jf 7]nf rnfpgsf nflu cfk\mgf b'j} xftx¿
k|of]u x'g] x'gfn] To:tf cfdfx¿n] cfkm\gf] aRrf sfvdf jf xftn]
af]Sg d'l:sn kg{ ;S5 . t/ aRrf af]Sg] emf]nf 3fF6Ldf jf cufl8lt/
le/]/ aRrfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy af]s]/ cfkm\gf] XjLn lro/ u'8fpg
;lsG5 . o:tf] emf]nf leg'{sf ;fy} sDd/df klg afFWg'k5{, h;n] ubf{
aRrf otfplt rNg kfpFb}g .
;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] aRrf af]Sg] emf]nfdf g} aRrf
af]Sg] ug'{ k5{, o;f] ePdf pgsf] cfk\mgf xftx¿ ;+fs]lts efiff ug{
:jtGq x'G5g\ .
5f/] /f]u jf d[uL 5 eg]5f/] /f]uLnfO{ cfk"mnfO{ ;d:of slt a]nf x'G5 / sltsf] s8f x'G5
eGg] yfxf x'G5 . olb aRrf
af]ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5f/]n]
cfqmd0f u¥of] eg] e'O{Fdf v;]/
aRrf g/fd|/L 3fOt] x'g of dg{ klg ;S5 .
;Dej eP;Dd 5f/]/f]u gePsf JolQmx¿nfO{
cfkm\gf] / aRrfsf] ;fydf /fVg'k5{ . 3/df ;w}+ jf
slxn] PSn} a:g] ul/Psf] 5 eg] aRrfsf nflu ;'/lIft
:yfgsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ / aRrfnfO{ ;w}+ ;f]xL :yfgdf
/fVg] ug'{ k5{ . aRrf;Fu} otfptf g8'Ng'xf];\ / sf]7fdf
wfl/nf] of rf]6k6s nfUg] a:t' g/fVg'xf];\ . o;f] ePdf
lrqdf b]vfOPsf] h:tf] rs6L, o;sf b'O{lt/sf Ohf/nfO{ sDd/df afFWgfn] aRrfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy
sfvdf /fVg ;lsG5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
191
d[uL eOxfNof] eg] klg aRrf / cfdf b'j} ;'/lIft /xg ;S5g\ . aRrfnfO{ vfgf v'jfpFbf,
g'xfOlbFbf, sk8f nufO{lbFbf e'O+{df /fVg] ugf{n] pm ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
aRrf jfd] ;g{ / lxF8\g yfn]kl5, 9f]sf / l;F9Ldf s]xL 5]sfjf/ nufpg' k5{ . o;f] ePdf
klg aRrf ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
aRrf afd] ;g{ / lx“8\g yfn]kl5sf] x]/rfxaRrf afd] ;g{ / lxF8\g yfn]sf ;'?sf] cj:yfdf aRrfnfO{ x]/rfx ug{ h'g;'s} cfdf
afa'nfO{ ufx|f] kb{5 . a9\bf] aRrfsf nflu s'b\g' / lxF8g' :j:ys/ s'/f xf] . /, ;'?–;'?df aRrfx¿
n8\5g\ . o;af/] w]/} lrGtf lng' x'Fb}g . n8\g' / p7\g' afn lasf;sf] ;fdfGo k|lqmof xf] .
l56f] lx“8\g g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/f;–;fgf aRrfx¿ l56f] rnlkm/ ug{
;S5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;lhn} rf]6k6s nfUg]
x'G5 . t/ cfdfx¿ vt/gfs cj:yfx¿ -
h:t} df]6/ cfPlt/ s'b\g of r'Nxf]df kg{_
af6 aRrfnfO{ hf]ufpg pgLx¿sf kl5kl5
s'b\g ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf/0f To:tf cfdfx¿n]
aRrfsf] gf8Ldf 8f]/L afFWg] / aRrf vt/fdf
kg{ nfu] p;nfO{ cfk"mlt/ tfGg] Joj:yf
ug' {k5{ . To; 8f]/LnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVg
g;Sg]x¿n] To;sf] Pp6f 6'Kkf cfk\mgf]
sDd/df afFWg] ug'{ k5{ .
/fd|/L cf“vf b]Vg g;Sg] jf b[li6ljxLg ePdfaRrf ;fgf] x'Gh]n Ps} lj5\of}gfdf aRrf;Fu} ;'Tg'k5{ . o;f]
ePdf aRrfn] s] / sxfF 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 .
aRrf a9\b} uPkl5 jfd] ;/]/ of rnlkm/ ug{ yfN5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf p;sf] v'§fdf aHg] kfph' nufOlbof] eg] ah]sf] ;'g]/
pm sxfF 5 eg]/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
aRrfnfO{ rf]6k6s gnfuL 3'dlkm/ ug]{ / v]Ng] sf]7f of
:yfg tof/ ug'{ k5{ . To; :yfgdf s'g} klg wfl/nf] of ltvf] lrh
/fVg' x'Fb}g . sf]7fx¿jLr, / e¥ofª jf 3/aflx/ lg:sg] b}nf]x¿df
5]sfjf/ nufpg] ug'{ k5{ . o;f] ePdf pm ;'/lIft /xG5 .
aRrfsf] :jf:Yo ;'/Iffsf nflu ul/g' kg]{ s'/fx¿aRrfx¿ la/fdL ePkl5 uN5g\ . aRrfx¿ l;ls:t la/fdL
ePkl5 slxn] sfFxL arfpg g} ufx|f] k5{ . To;}n] aRrfsf] /f]usfz'?sf ;+s]tx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg' / pgLx¿nfO{ t'?Gt} pkrf/
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
192
u/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .kvfnf -g/d jf kftnf] lb;f_ aRrfx¿df eO/xg] s'/f xf] t/ jo:snfO{ eGbf pgLx¿sf
nflu of] vt/gfs xf] . olb aRrfnfO{ kvfnf nfu]df t'?Gt} pkrf/sf] aGbf]a:t ug'{k5{ / To;sf
;fy}M
• cfdfsf] b"w a9L dfqfdf v'jfpg' k5{ .
• p;sf] cfxf/f 5'6fpg' xF'b}g .
• k|;:t dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ lbOg' kb{5 .
k'gh{nLo emf]nn] aRrfsf] z/L/df kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'g /f]S5 / sd ePsf] 5 eg] pkrf/
u5{ . vf; u/L lzz' / ;fgf aRrfn] w]/} kftnf] kvfnf u/]sf] 5 eg] of] pkfon] Hofg arfpF5 .
k'gh{nLo emf]n agfpg] b'O{ -@_ tl/sfM!= lrgL / g'gaf6 -lrgLsf] ;§f pv'sf] /; jf v'bf]_
b'O{ dfgf of rf/ lrof lunf; ;kmf
kfgL pdfn]/ lr;f] kf/L cfwf lrof rDrf g'g
/fVg] / 3f]Ng] . of] 3f]n cfF;'eGbf sd g'gLnf]
xf];\_ / ;f] 3f]ndf * lrof rDrf lrgL 3f]Ng] .
To;kl5 aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg z'? ug]{ . hlt
dfqfdf kvfnf rn]sf] 5, ;f]xL dfqfdf v'jfpg] .
@= cGgsf] lk7f] / g"g M -;jeGbf /fd|f]
rfdnsf] lk7f] x'G5 jf clt g} dl;gf] u/L
lk;]sf] ds}sf] lk7f], ux'F / hf}+sf] lk7f] jf
pl;g]/ ldr]sf] cfn'_
b'O{ dfgf of rf/ lrof lunf; ;kmf kfgLdf cfwf lrof rDrf g'g /fVg] / 3f]Ng] . of] 3f]n
cfF;'eGbf sd g'gLnf] xf];\_ / ;f] 3f]ndf * lrof rDrf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] dWo] s'g} Ps 3f]Ng] .
/ To;kl5 %–& ldg]6 hlt ksfO{ df8 agfpg] / t'?Gt} lr;f] kf/L aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg z'? ug]{ .
hlt dfqfdf kvfnf rn]sf] 5, ;f]xL dfqfdf v'jfpg] .
x/]s k6s aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg' cl3 uGxfof] of lju|of] ls eg]/ rfVg] . cGgsf df8x¿ udL{
dlxgfdf s]xL 306fdf g} lju|G5g\ .
;f] df8df c? k]o kbfy{ klg yKg ;lsG5 M h:t} df};d cg';f/sf kmnk"msf] /;, gl/jnsf]
emf]n, kfs]sf] s]/f ldr]/ ag]sf] n]bf] cfwf lunf;hlt ;f] k'gh{nLo emf]ndf yk ug{ ;lsG5 . oL k]o
kbfy{df kf]6fl;od gfds tTj x'G5, h'g tTjn] aRrfnfO{ w]/} vfgf / emf]n vfg ;xof]u ub{5 .
dxTjk"0f{ s'/fM ;s];Dd cfkm\g} ;d'bfo jf 3/df kfOg] j:t' / gfkjf6 k'gh{nLo emf]n
agfpg] ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . 3/df agfPsf] cGgsf] df8 agfP/ v'jfpFbf k|;:t dfqfdf ;kmf kfgLsf]
k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
193
:j:y / w]/} /f]ux¿af6 ;'/lIft /fvL aRrfnfO{ x'sf{pg] dxTjk"0f{ # j6f tl/sfx¿ tnpNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M• kf]lifnf] vfgf
• ;/;kmfO
• /f]u la?4 vf]ksf] Joj:yf
kf]lifnf] vfgfaRrfnfO{ ;s];Dd a9L kf]lifnf] vfgf v'jfpg' k5{ . o;f] ePdf aRrf /fd|/L
x's{G5g\ / la/fdL klg kg]{ ub}{gg\ . d'Vo s'/f], aRrfx¿nfO{ lbgdf k6s–k6s
k|;:t dfqfdf vfgf v'jfpg' kb{5 .
;/;kmfOaRrfx¿ tyf 3/cfFug ;kmf /flvg] ul/Psf] 5 eg] aRrfx¿ :j:y x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
tn s]xL ;'emfjx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M
• aRrfnfO{ ;kmf u/L k6s–k6s sk8f
k]ml/lbg' kb{5 .
• aRrfnfO{ laxfg p7]kl5, lb;f–lk;fj
u/]kl5 / vfgf 5'g' jf vfg' cl3kl5 xft
/fd|f];Fu w'g' kb{5 eg]/ l;sfpg' kb{5 .
• aRrfnfO{ zf}rfno tyf :gfg3/ k|of]u
ug]{ tl/sf l;sfpg' kb{5 .
• aRrfnfO{ vfnL v'§f lxF8\g lbg' x'Fb}g /
h'QfrKkn nufpg l;sfpg' kb{5 .
• aRrfnfO{ ;w}+ bfFt dfem\g' l;sfpg' k5{
/ pgLx¿nfO{ sf]sf]sf]nf h:tf k]o
kbfy{x¿ vfg] afgL gkfg'{xf];\ .
• gËx¿ ;fgf] kf/L sfl6lbg'xf];\ .
• aRrfnfO{ la/fdL, 3fp, n'tf], h'd|f jf
bfb ePsf aRrf;Fu v]Ng, ;'Tg / pgLx¿sf sk8f nfpg tyf tf}lnof k|of]u ug{
glbg'xf];\ .
• aRrfnfO{ n'tf], bfb÷b'xjL, h'd|f, h'sfx¿ tyf aRrfaf6 aRrfdf ;lhn} ;g]{ ;+qmd0fx¿
b]lvPdf t'?Gt pkrf/ ug'{xf];\ .
• aRrfnfO{ kmf]x/ j:t'x¿ d'vdf /fVg lbg' x'Fb}g / s's'/, la/fnf] cGo hgfj/nfO{ aRrfsf]
cg'xf/ rf6\g lbg' xF'b}g .
• ;'Fu'/, s's'/, xfF;, s'v'/f 3/aflx/ /fVg' kb{5 .
aRrfsf] x]/rfx
194
• ;kmf, pdfn]sf] jf 5fg]sf] kfgL dfq lkpg] ug'{xf];\ . vf; u/L aRrfsf] nflu t o:tf] ug}{ k5{ .
• aRrfnfO{ sfnfhf/, dn]l/of h:tf /f]uaf6 arfpgsf nflu d58bfgL jf e"mnsf] k|of]u
ug'{xf]; .
/f]u la?4 vf]ksf] Joj:yfvf]kn] ;fdfGotof w]/} vt/gfs /f]ux¿ la?4 ;'/Iff
lbG5 . o;sf/0f cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf
nu]/ vf]k lbg'k5{ . aRrf :j:y ePsf] cj:yfdf vf]k lbFbf
/fd|f] dflgG5 . ha pgLx¿ la/fdL kb{5g\ clg pgLx¿nfO{
pkrf/sf nflu n}hfg' kb{5 . vf]k ;fdfGotof lgMz'Ns kfOG5
/ aRrfsf nflu ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ vf]kx¿ lgDg 5g\ M
vf]k slxn ] lbg] gf]6 la= l;= lh=
-Ifo/f]u lj?4_
hGd ]sf] lbgb]lv jf cg's "n
k/]sf lbg hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] .
bfofF kfv '/fdf lbg] ul/G5 . o; sf]
; 'On ] 3fp kf5{ / To;sf] vt ga;]
k 'gM csf]{ k6s nfpg' cfjZos 5 .
8L=kL=6L=
-Eofu 't ]/f]u, nx/]v f]sL /
wg'i6+s f/ lj?4 _
klxnf] ; 'O {– aRrf hlGdPsf]
^ xKtfb]lv ! jif{leq
bf]; |f ] ; 'O {– klxnf] ; 'O{ lnPsf]
$ xKtfkl5 .
t ]; |f ] ; 'O {– bf]; |f ] ; 'O { lnPsf] $
xKtfkl5 .
s ]xL b]zx¿df aRrf $ b]lv ^ aif{sf]
x'Fb f yk Ps k6s lbOG5
kf]n Lof] g ]kfndf x/]s dlxgfdf !–!
dfqf u/L # k6s v 'jfpg]
ul/G5 .
s ]xL b]zdf, ! dfqf hGd]kl5
/ # dfqf l8lk6L vf]k
; Fu;Fu } lbOG5 .
c? b]zx¿df klxn] # dfqf l8=lk=l6=
sf] vf]k; Fu / rf}yf] dfqf !@–!*
dlxgfdf / kfrf}+ $ aif{sf] pd]/df
lbOG5 .
bfb'/f klxnf] vf]k ( dlxgf b]lv #
jif{leqdf aRrfsf] bfofF
lt3|fdf ; 'O nufOG5 .
bf]; |f ] vf]k !% dlxgfdf .
w ]/} b]zx¿df Pp6} cf}iflwdf tLgj6f
/f]usf] sfd ug]{ u/L Pp6f vf]k tof/
kfl/Psf] x 'G5 . hd{g bfb '/fsf] vf]k
!@–!% dlxgfdf klxnf] k6s / $–^
aif{s f] pd]/df bf]; |f] k6s lbOG5 .
l6= 8L= jf l6= l6
wg'i6+s f/ la?4 lbOG5 .
jo:ssf nflu / !@
aif{ eGbf dflysf
afnsnfO{ lbOG5 .
x/]s !) aif{d f Ps ;'O { .
s ]xL b]zdf (–!! aif{sf]
aLrdf of l8lkl6 sf] clGtd
vf]k lbPsf] % aif{kl5
lbOG5 / csf]{ dfqf x/]s !)
aif{d f lbOG5 .
ue{jtL dlxnfn ] lbPdf aRrf
wg'i6+s f/af6 ;'/lIft x'g;S5g \ .
lnPdf
aRrfsf] x]/rfx