DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED GEOLOGY
Course Structure and Syllabi for
5-Year Integrated M. Tech.
in
APPLIED GEOLOGY
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand October 2021
Page 1 of 60
Course Structure for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech. Applied Geology Programme
Semester III
Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC1 GLC201 Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 0 0 9
DC2 GLC202 Physical and Structural Geology 3 0 0 9
DC3 GPC501 Solid Earth Geophysics 3 0 0 9
E/SO1 E/SO1 E/SO Course 3 0 0 9
E/SO2 MNE201 Introduction to Mining 3 0 0 9
DP1 GLC203 Crystallography and Optical Mineralogy Practical 0 0 2 2
DP2 GLC204 Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Total 15 0 4 49
Semester IV Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC4 GLC205 Introduction to Petrology 3 0 0 9
DC5 GLC206 Introduction to Stratigraphy and Paleontology 3 0 0 9
DC6 GLC207 Descriptive Mineralogy 3 0 0 9
DC7 GLC208 Economic Geology and Indian Mineral Deposits 3 0 0 9
E/SO3 E/SO3 E/SO Course 3 0 0 9
DP3 GLC209 Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2
DP4 GLC210 Economic Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
DC GLS211 Geological Field Training* 0 0 0 S/X
Total 15 0 4 49
*"Geological Field Training" of two weeks duration during winter vacation after III Semester with S/X Letter Credit counted in IV semester.
Semester V
Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC8 GLC502 Applied Geochemistry 3 0 0 9
DC9 GLC503 Methods of Structural Geology 3 0 0 9
DC10 GLC504 Micropaleontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology 3 0 0 9
HSS/MS HSS/MS Humanities/Management Studies 3 0 0 9
E/SO4 GPE202 Geophysical Prospecting 3 0 0 9
DP5 GLC506 Mineralogy and Geochemistry Practical 0 0 2 2
DP6 GLC507 Methods of Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
DP7 GLC508 Micropaleontology and Vertebrate Paleontology Practical 0 0 2 2
Total 15 0 6 51
Page 2 of 60
Course Structure for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech. Applied Geology Programme
Semester VI Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC11 GLC509 Igneous Petrology 3 0 0 9
DC12 GLC510 Metamorphic Petrology 3 0 0 9
HSS/MS HSS/MS Humanities/Management Studies 3 0 0 9
DE1 DE1 DE Basket 1 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
DE2/OE1 DE2 DE Basket 2 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
DP8 GLC514 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2
DP9 GLC515 Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
DC GLS517 Sedimentary Field Training** 0 0 0 S/X
Total 15 0 4 49
**"Sedimentary Field Training” of two weeks duration during winter vacation after V Semester with S/X Letter Creditcounted in VI Semester.
Semester VII
Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC13 GLC519 Engineering Geology 3 0 0 9
DC14 GLC520 Hydrogeology 3 0 0 9
DE3 DE3 DE Basket 3 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
OE2 OE1 OE Basket 1 (Table 2) 3 0 0 9
DE4/OE3 DE4 DE Basket 4 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
DP10 GLC 525 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Practical 0 0 2 2
DP11 GLC 524 Principles and Applications of Geostatistics Practical 0 0 2 2
Total 15 0 4 49
Semester VIII Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DC15 GLC526 Ore Geology 3 0 0 9
DC16 GLC513 Coal Geology 3 0 0 9
DE5 DE5 DE Basket 5 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
OE4 OE4 OE Basket 4 (Table 2) 3 0 0 9
DE6/OE5 DE6 DE Basket 6 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
DP12 GLC533 Ore Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
DP13 GLC516 Coal Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
DC GLS535 Structural and Economic Geology Field Training# 0 0 0 S/X
Total 15 0 4 49
#"Structural and Economic Geology Field Training" of two weeks duration during winter vacation after VII Semester with S/X Letter Credit counted in VIII Semester.
Page 3 of 60
Course Structure for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech. Applied Geology Programme
Semester IX Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
TU1 GLC536 Thesis Unit 1 0 0 0 9
TU2 GLC537 Thesis Unit 2 0 0 0 9
TU3 GLC538 Thesis Unit 3 0 0 0 9
TU4 GLC539 Thesis Unit 4 0 0 0 9
Total 0 0 0 36
Semester X Course Type
Course Code
Course Name L T P C
DE7/OE6 DE5 DE Basket 5 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
DE8/OE7 DE6 DE Basket 6 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9
TU5 GLC546 Thesis Unit 5 0 0 0 9
TU6 GLC547 Thesis Unit 6 0 0 0 9
Total 6 0 0 36
Page 4 of 60
Course Structure for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech. Applied Geology Programme
Table 1 (Departmental Elective Basket)
Course Code
Course Name Basket Semester
GLC511 Applied Sedimentology DE1 VI
GLD575 Modern Instrumentation Methods in Exploration Geosciences
GLC512 Petroleum Geology DE2 VI
GPO503 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Geosciences
GLD521 Stratigraphy DE3 VII
GLD522 Coalbed Methane, Shale Gas and Gas Hydrate Exploration
GLC518 Principles and Applications of Geostatistics DE4 VII
GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists
GLD528 Geotechnical Engineering DE5 VIII
GLD531 Sequence Stratigraphy and Basin Analysis
GLD544 Kinematics of Rock Deformation DE6 VIII
GLD592 Environmental Geotechnology
GLD530 Geodynamics DE7
X GLD570 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
GLD540 Geomorphology DE8
GLD551 Elements of Rock Engineering
Table 2 (Open Elective Basket)
Course
Code Course Name Basket Semester
GLO523 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics OE1 VII
GLO532 Environmental Geology
GLO542 Remote Sensing and GIS OE2 VIII
GLO545 Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Geology
Page 5 of 60
Semester III
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC1 GLC201 Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The student will learn the basics of crystallography and its application to optical mineralogy; X-Ray diffractometry
will also enable the students to understand the fundamental concepts of crystal structure, morphology and its
application to mineral sciences. Optical mineralogy part will help the student to understand microscopic techniques
applicable to mineralogical and petrographic studies.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Understand the fundamental of crystallography and mineralogy.
Appreciate the techniques in recognition and identification of mineral under thin section.
Learn XRD technique in mineral identification and use stereographic projection for plotting and understanding
crystal data.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Crystallography: Elementary ideas about crystal structure
– faces, edges, solid angles, interfacial angles, Steno’s
rule, zones; External symmetry (symmetry operations in
two and three dimensions);
7
This unit will help the student in
understanding the basic concepts of
external symmetry and its elements
in crystal structure.
2
Miller indices, crystal forms, Crystallographic axes, axial
ratio, 32 crystal classes and classification in seven
systems, Bravais Lattice
7
This unit will help the student in
learning the mathematical
expressions of crystal faces, forms,
zones and characteristic properties of
32 crystal classes in 7 crystal
systems
3
Spherical and stereographic projections; Crystal growth,
twinning and defects; X-Ray Diffraction and its
applications to crystallography
7
This unit will help the student in
learning the concept and procedure
of representing crystallographic data
in stereo-net. Also, the student will
understand the fundamentals of
crystal growth, twinning, defects and
R-ray diffraction.
4 Mineralogy: Properties of Light, Petrographic
microscope; Uniaxial and biaxial indicatrix and minerals; 7
This unit will help the student in
understanding the fundamental
properties of light that are related to
optical properties in minerals
5
Double refraction, Extinction angles, pleochroism,
birefringence of minerals and their relation with mineral
composition; Uniaxial and biaxial figures and optic sign
determination, Optical properties of common rock
forming silicate minerals. Dispersion.
5
This unit will help the student in
understanding the variation in optical
properties in minerals, its reason and
application in identifying different
rock-forming minerals
6
Crystal Field theory, Molecular orbital theory, Molecular
band theory and Field theory; Pauling’s Rules, Chemical
Bonding, Coordination; Bowen’s reaction series, Silicate
structures; Common rock forming minerals
6
This unit will help the student to
understand the theoretical
background of crystal colour, which
has application in the gem industry.
Also, the students will learn solid-
chemistry basics of crystal structure
Text Books:
1. C. Klein & B. Dutrow. Manual of Mineral Science. CBS Publishers & Distributers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2012.
Page 6 of 60
2. W. D. Nesse. Introduction to Optical Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, 2004
Reference Books:
1. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi,
1990.
2. Bob B. He. Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2009.
3. Dexter Perkins. Mineralogy. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
4. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 1: Theory and Technique. Blackwell, 1987.
5. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 2: Mineral Descriptions. Blackwell, 1987.
6. Christopher Hammond. The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction. Oxford University Press Inc.,
New York, 2009.
7. Ernest Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy: Theory and Technique. Vol. 1 & 2, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
1987.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC2 GLC202 Physical and Structural Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Through this Introduction to course, the students will get to know the different rocks types.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Learn the fundamentals of Structural Geology
Understand geomorphic processes
Appreciate fundamentals of plate tectonics
Use of geological map and identification of geomorphic features
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Physical Geology: Evolution of the earth; Exogenous and
Endogenous Processes shaping the earth; Weathering,
Erosion, Transportation and Deposition
6
This will help the student to
understand what are the different
process operation on earth surface
and how they are constantly
changing
2
Geological work of running water, wind, glaciers, seas
and ground water; Diastrophism; Earthquakes and
volcanoes.
6
The topic will elaborate the activity
of different agents and their
contribution.
3
Structural Geology: Interpretation of topographic maps;
Attitude of planar and linear structures; Effects of
topography on outcrops.
6
This topic will give understanding
about topographic map,
identification of topographic features
and usage.
4 Unconformities, folds, faults and joints - their
nomenclature, classification and recognition. 9
Students will get fundamental ideas
about different structures in
structural geology.
5
Forms of igneous intrusions - dyke, sill and batholith.
Effects of folds and fractures on strata/ore bodies and
their importance in exploration activities.
6 It will give fundamental idea about
intrusive igneous structures.
6 Principles of stereographic projection. Introduction to
Plate Tectonics. 6
This topic will cover fundamental of
stereographic projection and plate
tectonics.
Text Books:
1. Hefferan, K. and O’Brien, J., 2010. Earth Materials, Wiley-Blackwell, Sussex; 670 p.
2. Van der Pluijm, B.A., Marshak, S., 2004. Earth Structure – An Introduction to Structural Geology and
Tectonics, W.W. Norton & Company, New York; 656 p.
Reference Books:
1. Jain, S., 2014. Fundamentals of Physical Geology, Springer, New Delhi; 494 p.
Page 7 of 60
2. Davis, G.H., Reynolds, S.J., 1996. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York; 776 p.
3. Billings, M.P., 1987. Structural Geology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi; 514 p.
4. Lisle, R.J., 2004. Geological Structures and Maps, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford; 106 p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC3 GPC501 Solid Earth Geophysics 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Comprehensive understanding of various physical properties of interior of the earth and plate tectonics. Students are
exposed to fundamental concepts of seismology and Radiometric dating techniques.
Learning Outcomes
This course module introduces basic concepts of plate tectonics and also provides comprehensive understanding of
internal structure of the earth.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Interior of the Earth. Various Earth Surface features
and Topography. Modelling of Topography using
Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). Introduction to
geophysics, different branches of geophysics and
relationship with other sciences.
6 Helps to understand the internal
structure of the earth and various
morphological features on the
surface of the earth
2. Introduction and derivation of physical parameters,
like a) density, b) pressure, c) gravity, d) seismic
velocities, e) temperature, f) melting point, g) specific
heat at constant pressure (cp), h) volume coefficient of
thermal expansion, i) Gruneisen parameter, j) seismic
wave attenuation parameters. Variations of all these
parameters inside the earth.
10 It provides comprehensive
understanding of variation of
different physical and chemical
properties inside the earth.
3. Creep mechanisms in the earth. Viscoelastic model
under creeping inside the earth. Rigidity of the
lithosphere and its bending. Strength of rocks,
Strength envelop of continental and oceanic
lithosphere and its interpretation
5 It provides basic understanding
of deformation and flow of earth
materials from both the
continuum mechanics and the
microphysical viewpoints.
4. Introduction to Geoid and Spheroid. Derivation and
explanation of Geoid and Spheroid at different
locations of earth surface. Its significance to dynamics
of the earth.
3 Helps to understand the
theoretical determination of
Geoid, Geoid anomalies and its
applications on mantle dynamics
5. Age of the earth and various methods of its
determination. Geochronology: Radioactive decay;
Dating of rocks: Rubidium-Strontium, Uranium-
Lead, Thorium-Lead, Potassium-Argon, Argon-
Argon, Samarium-Neodymium; Age of the earth.
8 It emphasises on various
radiometric dating techniques
and their applicationsto
understand the complexities of
mantle processes and magmatic
evolution.
Page 8 of 60
6. Introduction to geomagnetism. Magnetic fields of
internal and external origin. Dipole field. Non-dipole
field. Secular variation of the dipole and non-dipole
fields. Virtual Geomagnetic poles and its derivation.
MAGSAT earth-orbiting satellite and the analysis of
acquired MAGSAT data.
5 It explains the natural magnetic
fields in and surrounding the
Earth and its temporal changes.
7. Onshore and offshore geophysics 2
Total Classes 39
Text books
Anderson, D., New Theory of the Earth, Cambridge University Press, 2007
Fowler, C.M.R., Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics, Cambridge University
Press, 2005.
Reference Books
Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.
Howell, B. F., An Introduction to Geophysics, Mc-Graw Hill
Jacobs, J. A., A Text Book of Geonomy, Adam-Hilger
Tucker, R. H., Cook, A. H., Iyer, H. M. and Stacey, F. D., Global Geophysics, English
Stacey F. and Davis P., Physics of the Earth, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Course
Type
Course Code Name of Course L T P Credit
E/SO1 GPE 201 Earth and Planetary System 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of Earth and Planetary system and its related
changes with time. This course will emphasize the knowledge on the branches of geophysics, solar system, planets,
climates, ocean, carbon cycle, and transitions of Earth’s structure through different geological ages. The underlying
physics of the various Earth and planets related changes and its creation are presented through theory classes.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge on the history of Earth’s development, the solar system; climate and its changes; Earth’s interior; plate
tectonics; the physical property of ocean water; changes of ocean climates; global carbon cycle; depositional events
and environments with geological ages and glaciations are the goal of the.
Unit
No.
Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours
Learning Outcome
1. Introduction to Geophysics, different branches of Geophysics and
relationship with other sciences
4 Presentation of
geophysics and its
branches
2. Solar System formation, meteorites, planet formation, Asteroid belt,
Nebula Hypothesis, Kepler’s Law, Bode’s law
4 Knowledge of the
solar system
Page 9 of 60
3. Isotopes and Minerals 2 Fundamentals of
minerals
4. Geomorphology and Geophysical Signature observed by various
missions
3 Study of comparative
planetology
5. Plate tectonics, physical geology systems explaining the interior of
the Earth
6 Study on Earth’s
tectonic system
6. Blackbody radiation, energy balance, greenhouse effect, climate
forcings, climate sensitivity, the role of sun/volcanoes/greenhouse
gasses/aerosols, climate feedbacks
4 Overview and
fundamental concept
on Earth’s climates
system
7. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere, Coriolis effect,
Geostrophic balance, Wind-driven circulation, Thermo-Haline
circulation, Upwelling, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Monsoons
5 Knowledge of ocean-
atmospheric
circulation
8. Carbon reservoir and fluxes, long-term carbon cycle and plate
tectonics, Volcanic outgassing and silicate weathering, glacial-
interglacial CO2 cycles, and role of the Ocean, the anthropogenic
perturbation, Keeling curve, Carbon uptake by Ocean and the
terrestrial biosphere
4 Fundamental study
on the global carbon
cycle
9. Major climate events and trends during the Cenozoic last 65 Million 4 Knowledge of
climate changes
during Cenozoic
10. Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum, Eocene climate optimum,
Antarctic glaciation, Northern Hemisphere glaciation, Plio-
Pleistocene Cooling
3 Glaciation and
physical property
changes of Earth
during different
geological age
Total Class 39
Text Book:
1. Fowler, C.M.R., Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics
2. Howell, B.F., An Introduction to Geophysics, Mc-Graw Hill
3. Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge University Press
Reference Book:
4. Jacobs, J.A., A Text Book of Geonomy, Adam-Hilger
5. Tucker, R.H., Cook, A.H., Iyer, H.M. and Stacey, F.D., Global Geophysics, English Univ. Press
6. Donald, L., Turcotte& Gerald Schubert : Geodynamics (Second Edition)
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP1 GLC203 Crystallography and Mineralogy Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The student will learn the basics of crystallography and its applications to optical mineralogy; X-Ray Diffractometry
(XRD) will also enable the student to understand the fundamentals concepts in crystal structure, morphology and its
applications to mineral sciences. Optical Mineralogy part will help the student to understand microscopic techniques
applicable to mineralogical and petrographic studies.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Understand the fundamentals of crystallography
Appreciate the techniques in recognition and identification of minerals under thin section
Page 10 of 60
Learn XRD technique in mineral identification and use stereographic projection for plotting and
understanding crystal data
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Study of crystal models of different classes. Miller indices
and zone axis calculations. 2
Recognition of different crystal
structures found in minerals. The
Laboratory models are of great use
in visualizing the crystal geometry of
the natural minerals.
2 Stereographic projections of some important crystal
classes, axial ratio calculations. 2
Understanding of crystal habits
based on stereographic projection
system.
3 Determination of cell parameters and d-spacing using
XRD data 2
Utility of XRD tool to identify the
minerals.
4 Physical properties of common rock-forming and ore-
forming minerals in hand specimen. 2
How different types of rocks are
identified based on their physical
properties.
5
Study of optical properties of minerals under petrological
microscope; Determination of optic sign of minerals;
Determination of 2V.
2
Students will learn the different
optical properties of minerals and
identification criteria of minerals.
6 Study of common rock-forming minerals in thin section. 2
To make the students understand to
identify the different rock types
using petrological microscope.
7 Practical Examination 1 To test the practical knowledge
gained during the semester.
Text Books:
1. C. Klein and B. Dutrow. Manual of Mineral Science. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2012.
2. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 1: Theory and Technique. Blackwell, 1987.
Reference Books:
1. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 2: Mineral Descriptions. Blackwell, 1987.
2. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi,
1990.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP2 GLC204 Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The student will learn the basics of map reading.
The student will learn to solve problems in Structural Geology.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Learn about structural geological problems
Learn interpretation of geological maps
Learn projection of structural data in stereographic plots
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Interpretation of Topographic Maps ; Interpretation of
Geological Maps; Attitude and Cross sections 3 Basics about map reading.
2 Outcrop completion; One point problem and V – rule;
Three point problem 3
Students will learn interpretation of
different structural problems.
3 Unconformable beds; Folded beds; Faults and dykes; 3
To make the students understand and
interpret folds, faults and
unconformities.
Page 11 of 60
4 Stereographic projection; Planes and lines; Determination
of angles and Bisectrix 3
Stereographic projection of different
structures.
5 Practical Examination 1 To test the practical knowledge
gained during the semester.
Text Books:
1. Lisle, R.J., 2004. Geological Structures and Maps, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford; 106 p.
2. Rowland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M., 2007. Structural Analysis and Synthesis – A
Laboratory Course in Structural Geology, Blackwell Publishing, Malden; 304 p.
Reference Books:
1. Van der Pluijm, B.A., Marshak, S., 2004. Earth Structure – An Introduction to Structural Geology and
Tectonics, W.W. Norton & Company, New York; 656 p.
2. Davis, G.H., Reynolds, S.J., 1996. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York; 776 p.
3. Billings, M.P., 1987. Structural Geology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi; 514 p.
Page 12 of 60
Semester IV
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC4 GLC205 Introduction to Petrology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Through this introductory course, the students will get to know the different rocks types and fundamentals of petrology.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Learn about different rock types that make up the Earth
Understand the differences between igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
Learn about textures of different rock types
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Igneous Petrology
Earth’s interior, Heat source in the Earth, Heat transfer,
Geothermal gradient; Properties of silicate melts;
nucleation and growth of crystals; equilibrium and
fractional crystallization
7
This will help the student to
understand basic earth structure,
sources of heat and generation of
magma and its evolution.
2
Bowen’s reaction series, magmatic differentiation
processes; Variation diagrams and trace element
modeling; Texture, structure and classification of igneous
rocks
8
The topic covers the principles of
Bowens’s reaction series leading to
the development of different igneous
rock types, textural characteristics of
different igneous rocks and their
classification schemes.
3
Metamorphic Petrology
Definition, Limits of metamorphism; Agents of
metamorphism and changes; Types of metamorphism;
Types of protoliths; Metamorphic facies classification and
baric types
7
Deals with the different aspects of
metamorphism, facies variation and
classification metamorphic rocks at
different geological conditions.
4 Description of common metamorphic rock types (their
mineral assemblages and texture) 7
Covers the descriptive metamorphic
petrology and their mineralogical
variations.
5
Sedimentary Petrology
Sedimentation processes; Classification and description of
some common sedimentary rocks (Conglomerate,
Sandstone, Shale, Limestone); Sedimentary texture
10
It will give fundamental idea about
the process of sedimentation, sources
and depositional mechanism of
sedimentary rocks and their
classification schemes.
Text Books:
1. Best, M.G., 2003. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Publishing; 729 p.
2. Wilson, M., 2007. Igneous Petrogenesis – A Global Tectonic Approach, Springer, Dordrecht; 466 p.
Reference Books:
1. Winter, J.D., 2014. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, PHI Learning Private Limited,
Delhi; 702 p.
2. Philpotts, A.R., Ague, J.J., 2009. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Cambridge
University Press, New York; 684 p.
3. Sam Boggs, Jr., 2009. Petrology of Sedimentary Petrology, Cambridge University Press; 600 p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC5 GLC206 Introduction to Stratigraphy and Paleontology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Page 13 of 60
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of stratigraphy and palaeontology. Also the
designed course will act as a bridge to complement both the subjects.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Basics of stratigraphy
Historical development of stratigraphic units
Origin, evolution and phylum wise development of organism
Fossil as a tool to complement stratigraphy
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Introduction to Stratigraphy (Litho-, bio- and
chronostratigraphy), Stratigraphic units, Geological time
scale, stratigraphic breaks.
5
This will help the student to
understand basic concepts of
startigraphic principles and units and
correlate the geological history.
2 Introduction to different periods of geologic time scale. 3
Basic concepts of geological time
scale and their determination
methods.
3 Kinds of fossils, process of fossilization, Elementary
ideas about origin of life, elementary ideas of evolution. 4
To make the student understand the
process of fossilization, evolution of
life from unicellular to multicellular
organisms.
4
Identification of fossils: methods of description and
illustration; Binomial nomenclature of organism,
Systematic classification of organisms – their characters.
3
Description and identification of
fossils based on their morphology
and their modification with time.
5
Morphology, environment and geological distribution of
brachiopoda, mollusca, echinodermata, arthropoda, and
anthozoa.
21 Distribution of different fossil
assemblages in geological history.
6 Introduction to Palynology and paleobotany; morphology
of typical Gondwana flora. 3
Deals with the fundamental concepts
of paynology and paleobotany.
Text Books:
1. Brookfield, M. E., 2004. Principles of Stratigraphy. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 1-340.
2. Dasgupta, A. (2005). An Introduction to Paleontology. World Press, Kolkata.
Reference Books:
1. Koutsoukos, E. A. M., 2005. Applied Stratigraphy. Springer, pp. 1-488.
2. International Commission on Stratigraphy (Website: http://www.stratigraphy.org/)
3. Moore, R. C., Lalicker, C. G., and A. G. Fischer (1997). Invertebrate fossils. CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Roy, A. K. (2008). Fossils in Earth Sciences. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Jain, P. C., and Anantharaman, M. S. (2012). Paleontology: Evolution and animal distribution. Vishal
publishing Co., New Delhi.
6. Clarkson, E. N. K., (1983). Invertebrate paleontology and evolution. London.
7. Shrock,R.R and Twenhofel,W.H. 1987. Principles of Invertebrate Paleontology. McGraw Hill, New
York.
8. Laboratory Manual
Page 14 of 60
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC6 GLC208 Economic Geology and Indian Mineral Deposits 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of origin, mode of occurrences and the
distribution of ore deposits to the students.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Basic concepts of the processes of the formation of the ore deposits
Mode of occurrences of the different types of ore deposits in India and in various parts of the world
Spatio-temporal distribution of the different kinds of mineral deposits in India
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Introduction & Terminology: Syngenetic/epigenetic,
stratiform/stratabound ores, Hypogene and supergene
ores, ore and gangue minerals, grade and tenor
3
Basic terminologies for
understanding the ore genesis and
categorization.
2
Classification of ore deposits & Processes of Ore
mineralisation: Ores formed by Sedimentary process. BIF,
stratabound, stratiform types, polymetallic nodules.
Residual and mechanical concentration and supergene
processes
7
Different concepts of ore forming
processes in the global scale and
their geological significance.
3
Ores of igneous affiliations: Magmatic associations with
special types like ultramafic-mafic and felsic suites.
Different categories of magmatic ore deposits.
6
To understand the magmatic ores
and their geochemical, textural,
microstructural characteristics,
4
Ores formed by metamorphism. Metamorphism of ores
and associated rocks. Skarn type mineralisation.
Hydrothermal ore deposits. Vein type deposits; Lode gold
and hydrothermal base metal deposits.
5
Description of different mode of
occurrences of ores associated with
the hydrothermal systems and typical
characteristics.
5 Mode of occurrence and controls of ore deposition 5
To understand the controlling factors
such as structural elements and
lithology fof ore mineralization in
different terrains.
6 Temporal pattern and distribution of types of ores through
geologic time. 4
Understanding the distribution of
different ore deposits in relation to
geodynamic set up with respect to
the time.
7 Distribution and brief geological aspects of important
Indian metallic and non-metallic deposits. 9
It is focused on the whereabouts of
different ore deposits in India. This
will help in understanding the ores
and related industries in the area.
Text Books:
1. Economic mineral deposits, (by Jansen ML & Bateman AM; Eds: John Willey and Sons (1982)
2. An introduction to Economic Geology and its environment (by Anthony M. Evans; Eds: Blackwell
Science, (1997)
Reference Books:
3. Mineral resources of India (by D.K. Banerjee, 1998; Word Press Ltd, 2nd Eds).
4. Handbook of mineral exploration and ore petrology: Techniques and Applications. (by R.Dhanraju,
Publisher : Geological Society of India, Bangalore 2009)
Page 15 of 60
Course
Type
Course Code Name of Course L T P Credit
E/SO4 GPE 202 Geophysical Prospecting 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Comprehensive understanding of various geophysical techniques used in the exploration.
Learning Outcomes
This course module introduces data acquisition, processing and interpretation of different geophysical methods.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours
Learning Outcome
1. Different geophysical exploration methods: its principles and
limitations; Basis for Gravity Exploration, Concept of Geoid and
International Gravity Formula; Densities of common rocks and
minerals. Gravimeters: Spring-mass system as basic gravimeters,
Principle of working of unstable Gravimeters, Zero length spring,
La-Coste-Romberg and Worden Gravimeters; Gravity data
reduction; Gravity effect due to the buried sphere, horizontal
cylinder, semi-infinite horizontal sheet
8 Introduction to the
different Geophysical
methods. Basic
understating of Earth
Gravity filed.
Understanding the
principles of different
Gravimeters. Basic
Gravity survey practices,
data processing
techniques and
interpretation procedures
2. Magnetic Susceptibility of Rocks and their ranges, elements
of Earth Magnetic Field; Magnetometers: Fluxgate and Proton
Precession Magnetometers. Diurnal Correction and overview of
other corrections; Magnetic effect due to isolated pole, vertical
dipole, horizontal dipole and dipping dipole
6 Fundamental knowledge
of the Earth Magnetic
field. Principles of
magnetic instruments,
Survey procedures, data
processing techniques
and interpretation
procedures
3. Origin of Self Potential (SP); Field procedure to conduct SP
survey, removal of bias from SP anomalies, common Minerals
showing SP anomalies; Interpretation of SP anomalies, SP for
groundwater, detection of Coal mine front.
5 Learning about the origin
of Self Potential field in
Earth, SP survey, data
processing techniques
and Interpretation
3. Resistivity of common rocks and minerals; True and apparent
resistivity; Electrode configuration: Schlumberger and Wenner;
Vertical Electrical sounding and interpretation of two layered
VES curves
6 Different filed
configurations of
Resistivity survey. Data
processing techniques
and interpretation
procedures
4. Generation and propagation of Seismic waves; Geometry of
refraction and reflection; Seismic energy sources; Geophone and
Hydrophone; Interpretation of Travel time curves for two layered
earth-horizontal and dipping interface; Various field procedure-
8 Basic knowledge of wave
propagation, Principles of
various seismic
Instruments. Different
seismic field
Page 16 of 60
profile basic concept and broad side shooting, fan shooting, end
on and split spread arrangements
configurations, data
processing techniques
and interpretation
procedures
5. Objective of well logging, Borehole environment, surface
logging setup; Sources of SP in wellbore, Archie’s law and
Darcy’s law.
4 Helps to understand the
Borehole environment
and basic logging tools.
Total: 39
Text books
1. Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.
2. Kearey, P., Brooks, M., Hill, I., An introduction to geophysical exploration, Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.
Reference books
3. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E. and Keys, D.A., Applied Geophysics Cambridge University Press,
1990.
4. Dobrin, M.B. and Savit, C., Introduction of Geophysical Prospecting, McGraw-Hill, 1988.
5. Parasnis, D. S., Principles of Applied Geophysics, Chapman and Hall, 1979.
Course
Type
Course Code Name of Course L T P Credit
E/SO4 GPC 206 Geophysical Prospecting Practical 0 0 2 2
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
1 Apply diurnal correction to the given magnetic data
2 Reduction of Gravity and Magnetic data and preparation of anomaly map
effect due to sphere and cylinder
3 Interpretation of SP anomaly data
4 Interpretation of VES data over two layered earth
5 Travel time-distance curve for horizontal refractor
6 Travel time-distance curve for dipping reflector
7 Plot of Formation Factor vs. Porosity Calculation of formation water resistivity from SP Log
8 Calculation of Gravity effect due to sphere and cylinder
9 Calculation of Magnetic
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP3 GLC209 Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The students will learn to identify rocks in hand specimen and thin sections.
Learning Outcomes
Page 17 of 60
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Learn identification of rocks in hand specimen
Learn igneous and metamorphic textures
Learn sedimentary textures
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Identification of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
rocks in hand specimen 3 Megascopic identification of natural
rock samples
2 Petrographic study of textures of igneous rocks 3 Understanding of textures of igneous
rocks.
3 Petrographic study of textures of metamorphic rocks 3 Understanding of textures of
metamorphic rocks.
4 Petrographic study of textures of sedimentary rocks 3 Understanding of textures of
sedimentary rocks.
5 Practical Examination 1 To test the practical knowledge
gained during the semester.
Text Books:
1. Best, M.G., 2003. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Publishing; 729 p.
2. Winter, J.D., 2014. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, PHI Learning Private Limited,
Delhi; 702 p.
Reference Books:
1. Philpotts, A.R., Ague, J.J., 2009. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Cambridge
University Press, New York; 684 p.
2. Sam Boggs, Jr., 2009. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks, Cambridge University Press; 600 p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP4 GLC210 Economic Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The students will learn to identify different metallic and non-metallic ores from their megascopic properties and apply
the knowledge to identify in the field.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Learn identification of ore minerals in hand specimen
Identification of gangue constituents and associated minerals to understand the depositional.
Learn the Indian distribution and deposit types.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Identification of non-metallic industrial ore minerals 5 Learn the identification of different
types of industrial minerals based on
their physical properties.
2
Identification of metallic ore minerals and associated
gangue constituents.
5 Learn the identification of different
types of metallic ore minerals based
on their physical properties.
3
Study of ore suite samples from different localities of India
and associations
3 Identification of different rock and
ore samples from different localities
in India and their stratigraphic
correlation.
4 Practical Examination 1 Evaluation of the practical
knowledge.
Total classes 13
Text Books:
1. Sharma, N L and Agarwal Y K. Tables for Mineral Identification.
Page 18 of 60
Reference Books:
2. Mineral Year Book, Indian Bureau of Mines.
3. Tiwari, S. K. (2019) Ore Geology, Economic Minerals and Mineral Economics.
Page 19 of 60
Semester V
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC7 GLC207 Descriptive Mineralogy 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental understanding of mineral composition and their
occurrence in different rock.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to
Various aspects of crystal chemistry
Different types of silicates and their classification principles
Structure and property of common nesosilicate minerals
Structure and property of common phyllosilicate and framework silicate minerals
Structure and property of common sorosilicate, ring silicate and inosilicate (single chain) minerals.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Basics of mineralogy: Definition, coordination number,
chemical bonding, Pauling’s rule 7
1. Various aspects of crystal
chemistry
2 Silicate Structure: Basis for classification of silicates with
example 2
2. Different types of silicates and
their classification principles
3
Silicate minerals: Composition, structure, paragenesis and
property of different silicate minerals Neso silicate –
Olivine, Zircon, Sphene, Garnet, Al2SiO5, Topaz,
Staurolite, Chloritoid their physical and optic properties.
8 3. Structure and property of common
nesosilicate minerals
4
Soro and ring silicates (Epidote, Beryl, Cordierite,
Tourmaline) Inosilicate (Single Chain) Pyroxene,
Wollastonite, Amphibole,
8
4. Structure and property of common
phyllosilicate and framework silicate
minerals
5
Phyllosilicates-Mica Group, Clay minerals, Framework
Silicate- Feldspar group, Silica Minerals, Nepheline
group, Scapolite, Zeolite group
8
5. Structure and property of common
sorosilicate, ring silicate and
inosilicate (single chain) minerals
6 Non silicate Minerals: Oxides, hydroxides, Sulphides,
Sulphates, Carbonate, Phosphate, Halides 4
6. Structure and property of common
non-silicate minerals
7 Introduction to equipments related to rock and mineral
analysis 2
7.Basic equipment required for
mineral identification and
characterization
Text Books:
1. William D. Nesse. Introduction to Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, 2000.
2. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman. An Introduction to Rock Forming Minerals. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson, 1992.
Reference Books:
1. Manual of Mineralogy (Revised) by Klein C., Hurlbut C. S. Jr., 1985, John Wiley & Sons.
2. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi, 1990.
3. Dexter Perkins. Mineralogy. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
Page 20 of 60
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC8 GLC 502 Applied Geochemistry 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of geochemistry and brief
introduction in isotope geology.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will:
Distribution of various chemical elements in various units of the universe
Understand how atomic structure of a mineral controls the distribution of elements in rocks and minerals.
Classification of all type of elements in the periodic table according to their geochemical behaviour.
Principles of distribution of all type of elements in rocks and minerals and their application.
Geochemical behavior of water and Geochemistry of oceans
Application of geochemistry in petrogenesis of different types of rocks and mineral exploration.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Origin and abundance of elements in the solar system and in
the Earth and its constituents. Geochemistry of atmosphere,
hydrosphere.
2
Distribution of various chemical
elements in various units of the
universe
2 Atomic structures and properties of elements in the periodic
table 2
Understand how atomic structure of
a mineral controls the distribution
of elements in rocks and minerals.
3 Geochemical classification of elements. Special properties of
LILE, HFSE and rear earth elements. 4
Classification of all type of
elements in the periodic table
according to their geochemical
behaviour.
4
Principles of ionic substitution in minerals; element
partitioning in mineral/rock formation and concept of simple
distribution coefficients and exchange reaction distribution
coefficients; element partitioning in mineral assemblages
and its use in the pressure-temperature estimation.
6
Principles of distribution of all type
of elements in rocks and minerals
and their application.
5
Chemistry of natural waters. Mineral stability in Eh-pH
diagram. Elemental mobility in surface environment.
Concept of agrochemical-biogeochemical cycling and global
climate.
5 Geochemical behaviour of water
6
Oceans and atmosphere: their compositions, evolution,
steady state, and global mass balance, rock-water interaction:
congruent and incongruent dissolution.
2 Geochemistry of oceans
7
Application of Geochemical (major, trace and REE) data: In
classification, determination of in tectonic environment and
petrogenesis of igneous rocks by using different types of
geochemical diagrams. Application of geochemical data in
Mineral exploration
4
Application of geochemistry in
petrogenesis of different types of
rocks and mineral exploration.
8
Introduction: Discovery of Radioactivity and isotopes as
well and its influence on Earth Sciences. Nuclide types, their
abundances, and atomic weights. Decay mechanisms of
radioactive atoms. Radioactive decay and growth.
3 Basic principles behind applications
of radioactivity in earth sciences
9
Basic principles of radiometric dating methods of Rocks:
Ar -Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb, Re-Os and Pb-Pb methods
of dating
6
Principles and application of
various types of isotope dating
methods
10 Stable isotope systematics: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and
Sulphur and their implication 3
Systematics of common stable
isotopes of some important
elements
Page 21 of 60
11
Application of stable isotope geology in palaeo-climate
interpretations, ore geology, mineral and hydrocarbon
exploration.
2
Application of principles of stable
isotopes of some important
elements
Text Books: 1. Albarède F. (2003) Geochemistry: An Introduction; Cambridge University Press.
2. Faure G. (1986) Principles of Isotope Geology; John Wiley and sons 2nd Eds.
Reference Books: 1. Faure G. (1991) Principles and Applications of Inorganic Geochemistry; Macmillan Publishing
Company.
2. Hoefs EJ. (1996) Stable Isotope Geochemistry: Springer,4thEds.
3. Mason B, Moore CB. (1991) Principles of Geochemistry: Willey eastern Ltd,4th Eds.
4. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating: Cambridge University Press, 1st edition
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC9 GLC 503 Methods of Structural Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for different structural techniques used in
industry / exploration organisations.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Apply different methods to determine subsurface structural geometry.
Interpret petrofabric diagrams.
Identify and interpret geometry of folds.
Analyse fractures and fracture controlled mineralisation.
Determine shear sense in shear zones and carry out analysis of thrust belts.
Analyse areas of extensional faults.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Methods of Subsurface Structural mapping: Preparation
and interpretation of structure contour, isopach and
isochore maps. Stratigraphic sections and Fence diagrams.
Preparation of cross sections of folds - concentric-arc
method, kink-style construction, and dip-isogon method
6
Apply different methods to determine
subsurface structural geometry.
2
Tectonites: different types and their significance.
Petrofabric analysis. Relationship between deformation
and metamorphism and criteria for recognition. Relative
dating of orogenic belts
6 Interpret petrofabric diagrams.
3
Structural Analysis: Projection of fold geometry. Down-
plunge projection of folds. Interference patterns in
superposed folding and structural geometry in superposed
folding. Behavior of lineations in superposed deformations.
Use of foliations and lineations in tectonic analysis.
Different phases of analysis, analysis of slate belts with
simple and multiple deformations. Mapping in gneiss
terranes. Migmatite complexes, reworking of basement
rocks, mantled gneiss domes
12 Identify and interpret geometry of
folds.
4
Analysis of Fractures: Fractures and fracture types. Joint-
array Analysis and its significance. Fault-array Analysis.
Lineament-Array analysis and its significance for regional
exploration programme.
6 Analyse fractures and fracture
controlled mineralisation.
5 Analysis of Shear Zones: different types, Shear zone
rocks, Shear sense indictors. Concept of thrust belt
6 Determine shear sense in shear zones
and carry out analysis of thrust belts.
Page 22 of 60
geometry. Balanced cross-sections of thrust-belts.
Applications of balanced cross-sections
6
Analysis of areas of growth faulting: Structural
characters, mechanisms of development, associated
structures, and determination of depth to detachment.
3 Analyse areas of extensional faults.
7 Salt Domes and impact structures 3 Identify and interpret salt diapirs and
impact structures
Reference Books:
1. Badgley, PC (1965) Structural Methods for the Exploration Geologist. Oxford Book Company, Calcutta.
2. Davis, GH and Reynolds, SJ (1996) Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions (2nd Ed.). John Wiley &
Sons.
Other References:
1. Ghosh, SK (1993) Structural Geology. Pergamon Press.
2. Groshong, RH, Jr. (2006). 3-D Structural Geology:A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and
Subsurface Map Interpretation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3. Marshak, S and Mitra, G (1988) Basic Methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall.
4. Ramsay, JG and Huber, MI (1987). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Academic Press.
5. Roberts, J.L. (1982) Introduction to Geological Maps and Structures. Pergamon Press.
6. Roland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M. (2007) Structural Analysis and Synthesis.
Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
7. Tearpock and Bischke, R.E. (2003). Applied Subsurface Geological Mapping with Structural Methods
(Second Edition). Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 822p.
8. Twiss, RJ and Moores, EM (1992). Structural Geology. W. H. Freeman & Company.
9. Woodward, NB, Boyer, SE and Suppe, J (1989) Balanced Geological Cross-sections. Amer. Geophys.
Union.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC10 GLC 504 Micropalaeontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce students with kinds of microfossils, their separation, identification
and uses. This course is designed in such a way that students can use their knowledge for exploration, paleoclimate,
paleoceanography and paleogeographic study
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Brief idea about groups of microfossils, their separation and coring procedures.
Morphologic descriptions of microfossils groups will help to identify up to genus or species level.
This part considered applications of microfossils in terms of paleoceanography, paleoecology and
paleogeography, biostratigraphy, fossil fuel exploration.
Use of 13C and 18O for paleoclimatic and hydrocarbon exploration.
This part is dealing with general description of vertebrate groups.
Student will learn different dentition pattern, related food habit and stratigraphic use of dentition pattern.
.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Introduction to various groups of microfossils with their
general stratigraphic distribution. Sampling and separation
techniques of microfossils from different types of
sedimentary rocks. International coding system of core
samples
5 Brief idea about groups of
microfossils, their separation and
coring procedures.
2
Morphology and Ecology of Foraminifera, Ostracod and
Nannoplankton
5 Morphologic descriptions of
microfossils groups will help to
identify up to genus or species level.
3
Application of micropaleontology in fossil fuel exploration
and paleoclimate: Biostratigraphy, productivity index,
aeration in marine water, palaeodepth and marine
8 This part considered applications of
microfossils in terms of
paleoceanography, paleoecology and
Page 23 of 60
transgression & regression, palaeolatitude, bacterial
degradation of organic carbon, sedimentation rate.
paleogeography, biostratigraphy,
fossil fuel exploration.
4
Stable isotopes of microfossils. Use of microfossils: case
studies
5 Use of 13C and 18O for
paleoclimatic and hydrocarbon
exploration.
5
Origin of vertebrates and their general evolutionary
patterns,
Classification and characteristic features of vertebrates
(Agnathans, Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and
Mammalia), General skeletal pattern with its different
components in vertebrates
5 This part is dealing with general
description of vertebrate groups.
6
Dentition patterns, variation in molar teeth and its
implication
3 Student will learn different dentition
pattern, related food habit and
stratigraphic use of dentition pattern.
7
Adaptation, evolution and phyllogeny of: Equids,
Proboscids and Hominids
6 Knowledge will be imparted in
respect to adaptation and evaluation
of horse, elephant and man.
8 Dinosaurs and their extinction. 2 A brief description of dinosaur and
how they disappeared from earth.
Reference Books:
1. Saraswati, P. K., and Srinivasan, M. S. (2016). Micropaleontology: Principles and Applications. Fourth
edition: Springer, Switzerland, pp. 223.
2. Armstrong, H., and Brasier, M., (2005). Microfossils (2nd Edition). Blackwell Publishing, USA, pp. 296.
Other References:
3. Haq, B. U., and Boersma, A., (1998). Introduction to marine micropaleontology (2nd Edition). Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp. 376.
4. Benton, M., (2005). Vertebrate paleontology. Blackwell, pp. 472.
5. Carroll, R. L., 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman, pp. 698.
6. Romer, A., Vertebrate paleontology (3rd Edition). University of Chicago Press, pp. 687.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC11 GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The students will appreciate and understand the indispensable mathematical tools as applied to geological studies.
Learning Outcomes
The student will gain demonstrable ability to
Learn about the basic mathematical concepts and their applications to geology
Learn about different statistical methods used for geological data analysis
Develop fundamental mathematical skills required for geological interpretation
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Relationships between geological variables: Straight line,
Quadratic equations, Polynomial functions, Negative and
Fractional powers, Transcendental functions
5 Understand relationships between
geological variables
2
Manipulation of equations, Trigonometric functions,
Cartesian coordinates, Matrices
5 Understand mathematical equations
and functions that are applicable for
appreciating geological problems
3 Vectors, Triangular diagrams, Graph theory, Polar graphs,
Projections
5 Treat geological data in suitable
variation diagrams and projections
4
Statistics and Data Analysis: Frequency distribution,
Histograms, Probability, Correlation coefficient,
Regression, Least squares method, Curve fitting, Error
estimation; Principal Component Analysis, Analysis of
Uni-variate and Multi-variate data
7 Understand the fundamentals
applications of statistics in treatment
of geological data
Page 24 of 60
5
Probability distributions, Tests of Significance: Null
hypothesis, Normal test, t-test, Chi-squared test and F-test;
R environment
7 Understand probability distribution,
different tests of significance and
application of R-environment tests of
significance for data handling
6
Applications of Differential Calculus for geological
problems
5 Understand and apply differential
calculus for addressing geological
problems
7
Applications of Integral Calculus for geological problems 5 Understand and apply integral
calculus for addressing geological
problems
Reference Books:
1. David Waltham, 2000. Mathematics: A Simple Tool for Geologists, 2nd Edition, Blackwell Science, 201p.
2. L.D. Knoring and V.N. Dech, 1993. Mathematics for Geologists, A.A. Balkema, 200p
Other References:
1. John C. Davis, 2002. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Wiley, 656p.
2. D. Marsal and D.F. Merriam, 2014. Statistics for Geoscientists, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 176p
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP5 GLC506 Mineralogy and Geochemistry Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to train students in identifying common rock forming minerals.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Physical identification common rock-forming silicate minerals in hand specimen
Physical identification common rock-forming accessory minerals in hand specimen
Preparation of sample different types of sample solution by geochemical analysis
Wet chemistry for determination elemental concentrations in rocks
How to represent geochemical data
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
Mineralogy
1
Sub-heading in bold letters (or theme): brief
listing/description of topics/sub-themes to be covered in
each unit
2
Identification of minerals: Common silicate minerals and
their characteristic property under microscope- Olivine,
Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene, Amphibole group, Mica
Groups, Feldspar Group, Quartz
4 Physical identification common rock-
forming silicate minerals in hand
specimen
3
Identification of minerals: Common accessory minerals
and other important minerals Silicate Structure
characteristic property under microscope- Sphene, Zircon,
Monazite, Epidote, Scapolite, Staurolite, Al2SiO5
polymorphs, Tourmaline etc.
2 Physical identification common rock-
forming accessory minerals in hand
specimen
4 Geochemistry
5
Sample preparation methods (Destructive and non-
destructive), A- solution and B- Solution preparation
2 Preparation of sample different types
of sample solution by geochemical
analysis.
6 Wet chemical analyses and titrimetric analyses of major
and some trace elements
2 Wet chemistry for determination
elemental concentrations in rocks
7 Data presentation and associated problems. 2 How to represent geochemical data
8 Practical examination 1
Page 25 of 60
Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Mineralogy by William D. N., 2000, Oxford University Press.
2. Potts P.J. (1987) A handbook of silicate rock analysis; Blackie
Other References:
3. Manual of Mineralogy (Revised) by Klein C., Hurlbut C. S. Jr., 1985, John Wiley & Sons
4. Rollinson H.R. (1993) Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation; Prentice Hall
publication.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP6 GLC507 Methods of Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to provide practical tools for different structural techniques used in industry /
exploration organisations.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Learn about Structural Geological problems
Learn interpretation of geological maps
Learn projection of structural data in stereographic plots
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Subsurface Mapping: Preparation and interpretation of
fence diagram, structure contour, and isopach / isochore
maps
2 Determine structural geometry and
interpret the geometry in soft-rock
areas.
2
Structural analysis: Construction of profiles of cylindrical
folds, analysis of areas of superposed folding.
7 Determine structural geometry and
interpret the geometry in hard-rock
areas.
3 Analysis of areas with faults: Depth to detachment,
Balanced cross-section, Restoration of section
2 Identify the suitable sites for detailed
exploration in areas of faulting.
4 Lineament and fracture Analysis 1 Analyse and interpret lineaments and
fractures.
5 Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Marshak, S and Mitra, G (1988) Basic Methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall.
2. Richard H. Groshong, Jr. (2006). 3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and
Subsurface Map Interpretation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Other References:
1. Roland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M. (2007) Structural Analysis and Synthesis.
Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP7 GLC508 Micropalaeontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce students with benthic foraminifera (up to generic level) and planktic
foraminifera (up to species level), few aspects of population counts of foraminifera. Also students will be introduced
with available molar teeth fossils of vertebrates.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Identify benthic (with their depth, food and oxygen preference) and planktic groups with biostratigraphic
ages.
Apply census count for understanding paleo-events
Identify teeth with food pattern and animal forms.
Page 26 of 60
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Morphology, identification and systematics of some
benthic foraminifera (Based on depth preference and
physical properties of marine water).
5 Identification of different kind of
benthic foraminifera based on their
morphology. Also, knowledge will be
imparted regarding their ecological
preferences based on their morphology.
2
Morphology, identification and systematics of some
Planktic foraminifera.
5 Identification of different kind of
planktic foraminifera along with their
stratigraphic distribution.
3
Study of some molar teeth of mammals 2 Practical observation of different molar
tooth of kinds of elephant, horses etc.
with their stratigraphic distribution
Analyse and interpret lineaments and
fractures.
4 Practical examination 1 Assessment of the practical problems.
Reference Books:
1. Holbourn, A., Henderson, A. S., and MacLeod, N., (2013)-Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera.-Wiley-
Blackwell, pp. 642.
2. Loeblich, A. R., and Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification (Vol. 1 and 2). Van
Nostrand Reinhold, USA, pp. 970 and plates 847.
Other References:
1. Practical hand books as available in laboratory.
Semester VI
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC12 GLC509 Igneous Petrology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
This a core course of geology and will help the student learn in detail the different igneous rocks, the petrogenetic
processes and tectonic environments for their emplacement.
Learning Outcomes
The student will gain demonstrable ability to :
Learn about the magmatic differentiation processes
Understand the diversity of igneous rocks and the variety of tectonic environments for their emplacement
Understand the petrogenesis of igneous rocks
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Classification of igneous rocks. IUGS classification.
Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Origin and
evolution of magmas.
7 Classification principles of igneous
rocks; textural and structural aspects
of igneous rocks and origin and
evolution of magmas
2
Compositional variation in magmas. Crystallization of
magma and their representations in phase diagrams (binary
system and ternary diagrams).
5 The process of magma crystallization
and their explanation by phase
diagrams
3
Influence of volatiles and role of oxygen fugacities in
magmatic crystallizations. Assimilation Fractional
Crystallization AFC) processes. Nature and type of partial
melting in the mantle. Magmatic differentiation and
fractionation models.
7 Various chemical parameters
controlling magma crystallization,
fractional crystallization and partial
melting
Page 27 of 60
4
Representation of chemical analysis of igneous rocks.
Major and Trace element systematics in igneous rocks.
Silica/alumina saturation, variation diagrams, their
applications and limitations.
5 Various chemigraphic characteristics
of igneous rocks
5
Granites and their origin, I-, S-, A- type granites.
Pegmatites, their nature, occurrence and petrogenesis.
Alkaline rocks and their origin. Anorthosites and their
petrogenesis.
5 Different types of granites and their
chemical characteristics and origin
6
Lamprophyres and their petrography and origin. Ultramafic
and layered rocks, nature and origin. Carbonatites,
Petrography and their petrogenesis. Kimberlites and their
origin.
5 Different types of igneous rocks
(except granites) and their origin
7
Lunar rocks. Magmatism in relation to plate tectonics.
Petrographic and chemical characteristics of igneous rocks
in the following tectonic settings: Mid Oceanic Ridge,
Island Arcs, Oceanic plateaus, Continental Margins,
Continental Rifts and Continental intraplates.
5 Igneous features in Lunar rocks
Reference Books:
1. McBirney, A.R., 1993. Igneous Petrology, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston 508 p.
2. Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D., Pankhurst, R.J., 1993. The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, Chapman and Hall,
London; 450 p.
Other References:
1. Philpotts, A.R., Ague, J.J., 2009. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Cambridge
University Press, New York; 684 p.
2. Best, M.G., 2003. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Publishing; 729 p.
3. Wilson, M., 2007. Igneous Petrogenesis – A Global Tectonic Approach, Springer, Dordrecht; 466 p.
4. Gill, R., 2010. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford; 428 p.
5. Winter, J.D., 2014. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, PHI Learning Private Limited,
Delhi; 702 p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC13 GLC510 Metamorphic Petrology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental understanding of process, reaction, mineral assemblage
formed in different protoliths during metamorphism. Constructing and being able to understand different graphical
representation used in metamorphic petrology. Relation between tectonics and metamorphism.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Process and control of physico-chemical and compositional control on metamorphism of rocks.
Application of thermodynamics on stability of minerals during metamorphism.
Evaluating P-T-t path from textural relation and geothermobarometry.
Relating tectonic setting with metamorphism.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Basics of metamorphism: Definition, agent of
metamorphism, types of metamorphism.
2 Agent and types of metamorphism
2
Structure and texture of metamorphism: Processes
involved during metamorphic texture formation, Texture
formed during different types of metamorphism,
5 Structural and textural features of
metamorphic rocks
3 Rock Nomenclature: Classification of metamorphic rocks
depending on texture and composition
2 Classification principles of igneous
rocks
4
Thermodynamics: Definition of thermodynamic
parameters, phase rule, First, second and third law, Gibb’s
6 Fundamental concepts of
thermodynamics and
geothermobarometry
Page 28 of 60
free energy, chemical potential, activity, Equilibrium
Constant, Geothermobarometry
5
P-T-t path: different types of P-T-t path, derivation of P-
T-t information using textural relation and
geothermobarometry.
2 Principle behind P-T-t path
derivation and their interpretation
6
Stable mineral assemblage in metamorphic rocks: close
system and open system, application of phase rule in such
systems.
3 Close vs open system in
metamorphic rocks and application
of phase rule
7
Chemographic projections: ACF, AFM, AKFM, CMS
diagram
Compatible diagram, Schrienmaker’s rule
petrogenetic grid and pseudo section
3 Different types of chemigraphic
projection for representation of
metamorphic assemblages
8 Metamorphic reactions: Different types of reaction in
metamorphism and the process
3 Different types of metamorphic
reactions
9
Metamorphism of rocks with different
protoliths:pelitic, mafic, ultramafic and calcareous rock
metamorphism, development of characteristic mineral
assemblage during metamorphism depending on protolith.
9 Metamorphic rocks of different
protolith
10 Metasomatism: metamorphic fluids, mass transport and
minerals developed during metasomatism
2 What is metasomatism
11
Relationship with tectonics: Description of typical
metamorphic assemblage/facies in relation to different
tectonic setup
2 Link between metamorphism and
tectonics
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John D. Winter., 2009, by Prentice Hall.
2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Myron G. Best, 2002, by Wiley, John & Sons
Other References:
1. Metamorphic Petrology, by Francis J. Turner, 1980, by Taylor & Francis Inc
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC14 GLC511 Applied Sedimentology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Identify and study various types sedimentary rocks in field and under microscope
Can understand the difference between various types of sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, shale,
conglomerates and carbonates
Understand various types of sedimentary structures and their geological significance
Understand various types of sedimentary depositional environments and their importance for hydrocarbon
systems, ore deposits and groundwater accumulation
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Nature and origin of sedimentary rocks, its significance,
composition and classification. Earth surface processes,
Sediment transport in different systems.
2 Process of formation of various types of
sedimentary rocks
2
Texture of sediments: Particle size of detrital rocks,
definition, measurement, size parameters, grain size
distribution and causal factors, grain size distributions and
environmental analysis, Sphericity and roundness, packing
and fabric, porosity and permeability. Mathematical
treatment of grain size data
6 Texture of sedimentary rocks and its
geological significance
3 Sedimentary structures and their genetic significance and
importance in rock record, Biogenic structures.
6 Sedimentary structures and their its
geological significance
Page 29 of 60
4
Palaeocurrent analysis: Vector properties and
palaeocurrent, scalar properties and palaeocurrent,
presentation and interpretation of palaeocurrent data.
2 Principles and applications of
palaeocurrent data in sedimentary
rocks
5
Petrology of important clastic (Sandstone, shale,
conglomerateand breccia) and non-clastic (Carbonates)
rock groups.
3 Understand the difference between
various types of sedimentary rocks
such as sandstones, shale,
conglomerates and carbonates
6 Provenance studies: Methodology and significance,
paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental analysis.
3 To understand the provenance of
sediments
7
Classification of environments, Environmental parameters,
Sedimentary Facies Analysis; Its importance in
paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
7 Understand various types of
sedimentarydepositionalenvironments
and their importance for hydrocarbon
systems, ore deposits and groundwater
accumulation
8 Tectonic control of sedimentation. Evolution of
sedimentary basins.
2 Effect of tectonism on sedimentary
rocks
9 Diagenesis; changes in mineralogy, fabric and chemistry:
Mudstones, sandstones, carbonate rocks.
6 Effect of diagenesis on sedimentary
rocks
10 Cyclic sediments: Seismic and sequence stratigraphy. 4 An introduction to sequence
stratigraphy and its importance
Reference Books:
1. Emery, D., and K.J. Myers, 1996: Sequence stratigraphy; Oxford, Blackwell Science,297 pp.
2. Reading, H.G., 1978: Sedimentary Environment and Facies, Elsevier, 557pp
Other References:
1. Reineek, H.E. and Singh, I.B., 1973: Depositional Sedimentary Environment, Springer-Verlag, 439pp.
2. Sengupta, S.M., 2007: Introduction to Sedimentology, CBS publisher, 314pp.
3. Selley, R.C., 2000: Applied Sedimentology, Academic Press, 523pp.
4. Tucker, M.E., 2001: Sedimentary Petrology, Blackwell Publishing, 251pp.
5. Pettijohn E.J.; Sedimentary Petrology – CBS Publishers & Distributors
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC15 GLC512 Petroleum Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce the students with the geochemical, origin and accumulation
aspects of hydrocarbons. Depositional environment of sediments, their stratigraphic positions, exploration using
microfossils also included in this course for better understanding. Also student will gain knowledge about some
hydrocarbon fields in India.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Brief idea about the hydrocarbon system.
Chemical and physical properties of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon basins in India
Support of microfossils for hydrocarbon exploration.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Petroleum: its different states of natural occurrence. Basic
concepts of organic geochemistry. Origin of petroleum,
Geochemistry and maturation of kerogen; Biogenic and
Thermal effect. Distribution of Petroleum in space and
time.
8 To know about the Chemical and
physical properties of hydrocarbons
2
Petrographic and geochemical methods of Oil Exploration:
Petrographic: Microscopic organic analysis, Thermal
Alteration Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, Geochemical:
8 To Understand the occurrence, origin
and generation of petroleum.
Formation of Kerogen and how
Page 30 of 60
Combustion methods (Carbon ratio and Total Organic
Carbon), Stable isotope method, Time Temperature Index
(TTI), Arrhenius equation, Lopatin’s method, Concept of
cooking time, Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM) and
Rock Eval Pyrolysis method
hydrocarbon generates through
kerogen maturation.To track various
levels of kerogen/organic matter
maturation and to use this in
hydrocarbon exploration by different
petrographic and geochemical
methods.
3
Introduction to migration of oil and gas: geologic
framework of migration; short and long distance migration,
primary and secondary migration; geologic factors
controlling hydrocarbon migration; forces responsible for
migration, migration routes and barriers.
5 Understand various aspects of
hydrocarbon migration from source
rock to reservoir rocks.
4
Oil field water- characters and classifications 2 Understand composition and
characteristic of oil field/formation
water and its use in hydrocarbon
exploration.
5
Reservoir rocks: general attributes and petrophysical
properties. Classification of reservoir rocks - Clastic and
Carbonate reservoirs. A brief account on Reservoir
Characterization. Blowout problem.
6 Understand various aspects of reservoir
rocks
6
Hydrocarbon traps: definition; classification of
hydrocarbon traps - structural, stratigraphic and
combination; time of trap formation and time of
hydrocarbon accumulation. Cap rocks - definition and
general properties.
6 Understand principle of hydrocarbon
traps and its various types.
7 Petroleum Geology of important Indian basins (offshore
and onshore).
2 Understand the Proliferous basins of
India
8
Introduction to oil and gas exploration with reserve
estimation
2 Understand various methods of
hydrocarbon exploration and reserve
estimation.
Reference Books:
1. Tissot, B. P., and Welte, D. H., Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer-Verlag, Germany.
2. North F. K., Petroleum Geology. Allen & Unwin Inc., London.
Other References:
1. Selley, R. C.,Elements of Petroleum Geology. Academic Press, USA.
2. Selly, R. C. and Sonnenberg, S. A., Elements of Petroleum Geology, Elsiver-Academic Press
3. Slatt, R. M., Stratigraphic Reservoir Characterization for Petroleum Geologists, Geophysicists, and
Engineers. Elsevier, Hungary.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP8 GLC514 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
1. The student will learn to solve problems in igneous petrogenesis and also learn to identify igneous rocks under thin
section.
2. The primary objective of the course is also to train students in identifying different metamorphic texture and using
that information to build up the geological history of the rock.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Learn petrographic identification of igneous rocks and texture
Understand the petrogenesis of igneous rocks using different numerical solutions for solving problems in
igneous petrogenesis
Explaining reasons for development of specific texture in the rock.
Understand effect of composition and physical condition on occurrence of metamorphic mineral.
Building up geological history of a rock by integration of information gathered from microstructures.
Page 31 of 60
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Exercises on Crystal Fractionation and Partial Melting of
Igneous Rock Suites.
2 Crystal fractionation and partial
melting process
2 Exercises on the construction and interpretation of Spider
diagrams of N-type MORBs, E-type MORBs, OIBs etc.
2 Construction and interpretation of
spider diagrams
3 Thin Section study of acid, basic and ultramafic rocks;
Textures of Igneous Rocks.
2 Thin section identification properties
of igneous rocks and their textures
4
Texture: Identification of metamorphic textures under
microscope in different rock composition of different
metamorphic grade. Texture which will be covered are-
Foliation (I phyllite schist, gneiss), mineral layering,
Pressure Shadow, Pre, Syn, Post Kinematic porphyroblast,
Granoblastis texture, Crenulation Cleavage, Sympletitic
texture, Coronae texture
4 Thin section identification properties
of metamorphic rocks and their
textures
Schrienemakers Method, ternary Diagram-ACF, AKF,
A(K)FM
2 Structure and property of common
sorosilicate, ring silicate and
inosilicate (single chain) minerals
Construction of chemigraphic
projections
Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Gill, R., 2010. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford; 428 p
2. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John D. Winter., 2009, by Prentice Hall.
3. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Myron G. Best, 2002, by Wiley, John & Sons
Other References:
1. Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D., Pankhurst, R.J., 1993. The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, Chapman and Hall,
London; 450 p.
2. Philpotts, A.R., Ague, J.J., 2009. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Cambridge
University Press, New York; 684 p.
3. Metamorphic Petrology, by Francis J. Turner, 1980, by Taylor & Francis Inc
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP9 GLC515 Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology through
practical exercises
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Analysis and interpretation of grain size data.
Identify and study various types sedimentary rocks in hand specimens and understand the difference between
various types of sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and carbonates under microscope
Analysis and Interpretation of palaeocurrent data
Identify and delineate various types of structures in order to locate suitable hydrocarbon prospective zones
from maps and bore hole data.
Analysis and interpretation of rock eval pyrolysis data for hydrocarbon exploration.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Representation of grain size distribution data; Plotting of
cumulative distribution curves, Determination of different
statistical parameters Interpretation of sedimentary
environments.
1 Analysis and interpretation of grain
size data.
Page 32 of 60
2
Observation of common siliciclastic, carbonate rocks and
heavy minerals under thin section.
4 Identify and study various types
sedimentary rocks in hand specimens
and understand the difference between
various types of sedimentary rocks
such as sandstones and carbonates
under microscope
3 Analysis and interpretation of Palaeocurrent data 1 Analysis and Interpretation of
palaeocurrent data
4
Interpretation of geologic structures from surface
geological maps and borehole data; reconstruction of
structural developments through different time planes.
2 Identify and delineate various types of
structures in order to locate suitable
hydrocarbon prospective zones from
maps and bore hole data.
5
Preparation of structure contour and isopach maps of
reservoir facies and drawing oil/water contact from
borehole data.
2 Analysis and interpretation of rock eval
pyrolysis data for hydrocarbon
exploration.
6
Interpretation of Rock Eval pyrolysis data for study of
geochemical methods of hydrocarbon exploration
1 Understand various types of
sedimentary structures in hand
specimens of sketches and their
geological significance
7 Hydrocarbon Reserve Estimation 1
8 Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Emery, D., and K.J. Myers, 1996: Sequence stratigraphy; Oxford, Blackwell Science, 297 pp.
2. Reading, H.G., 1978: Sedimentary Environment and Facies, Elsevier, 557pp
Other References:
1. Reineek, H.E. and Singh, I.B., 1973: Depositional Sedimentary Environment, Springer-Verlag, 439pp.
2. Sengupta, S.M., 2007: Introduction to Sedimentology, CBS publisher, 314pp.
3. Selley, R.C., 2000: Applied Sedimentology, Academic Press, 523pp.
4. Tucker, M.E., 2001: Sedimentary Petrology, Blackwell Publishing, 251pp.
5. Pettijohn E.J.; Sedimentary Petrology – CBS Publishers & Distributors
Semester VII
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC17 GLC518 Principles and Applications Geostatistics 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the principles of Geostatistics for exploration and
evaluation
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the utilisation of classical statistical tools and tests as applicable in exploration and evaluation;
Apply concepts and principles of geostatistics for characterisation of deposits.
Carry out Spatial data analysis;
Kriging and Simulation.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Statistical Concepts of Universe, Population, Sampling Unit
and Sample; Concept of Random Variable; Probability
distributions: Discrete and Continuous distribution;
Characterization of continuous distribution; Theoretical
models of probability distributions, viz. Normal and
Lognormal – their properties, characteristics and probability
8 Understanding of Mineral Deposit
Statistics and tests of hypothesis as
applicable in exploration and
evaluation;
Page 33 of 60
calculations; Techniques of Normal and Lognormal model
fit (graphical and numerical) Tests of Significance (t, F and
Chi-squared goodness of fit tests).
2
Geostatistical concepts and theories; Regionalized
Variables; Random Function; Schools of geostatistical
thoughts; Why Geostatistics; Stationarity and intrinsic
hypotheses; Exploratory data analysis.
5 Familiarization of concepts and
theories of Geostatistics
3
Semi-variogram: definition and properties; Relationship
with covariogram; Characteristics of Experimental semi-
variogram; calculation of semi-variograms in 1-, 2-, and 3-
dimensions; mathematical models of semi-variogram;
Practical difficulties associated with semi-variography, viz.
spatial anisotropy, non-stationarity and proportional
effect, regularization, nugget effect, and presence of trend.
7 Carrying out Spatial Data Analysis;
4
Extension, Estimation and Dispersion variances:
definitions, formulation and methods of calculation.
Kriging : Introduction and definition; Linear kriging –
ordinary and simple kriging; solving kriging system of
equations for point and block; Properties of kriging;
Influence of nugget effect on kriging weights; Shadow
effect and Screen effect. Negative kriging weights- causes
and remedies; Techniques of semi-variogram model fit, viz.
Hand fit, Least square fit, and Point Kriging Cross-
Validation.
9 Understanding and calculation of
estimation variance; Introduction and
solving of Kriging systems of
equations; and semi-variogram model
fitting;
5
Introductory capsule on other types of kriging. Practice of
kriging: geostatistical evaluation of mineral deposit,
mineral inventory, grade-tonnagerelationships, role of
kriging variance in optimization of exploration drilling,
misclassified tonnages, and geostatistical grade control.
7 Practice and applications of Kriging;
6 Introduction to geostatistical conditional simulation.
Simulated Annealing Simulation.
3 Introduction to geostatistical
conditional simulation
Reference Books:
1. Chiles, J.P. and Delfiner, P. (1999) Geostatistics - Modelling Spatial Uncertainty, John Wiley and
Sons, New York, 695 p.
2. Clark, I. (1979) Practical Geostatistics, Elsevier Applied Science Publ. London, 151 p.
Other References:
1. David, M. (1977) Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co. Amsterdam,
364 p.
2. David, M. (1988) Handbook of Applied Advanced Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 216p.
3. Davis, J.C. (1986) Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 646 p.
4. Gandhi, S.M. and Sarkar, B.C. (2016) Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation, Elsevier,
USA, 410 p.
5. Goovaerts, P. (1997) Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford,
483p.
6. Isaaks, E.H. and Srivastava, R. M. (1989) An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford
University Press, 561 p.
7. Journel, A. G. and Huijbregts, C. J. (1978) Mining Geostatistics, Academic Press, London, 600 p.
8. Kitanidis, P.K. (1997) Introduction to Geostatistics-Applications in Hydrogeology, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 249 p.
9. Olea, R.A. (1999) Geostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists, Kluwer Academic Publ.,
Dordrecht, 303p.
10. Rendu, J.M. (1981) An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation, SAIMM
Monograph, Johannesburg, 84p.
11. Sinclair, A.J. and Blackwell, G.H. (2002) Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 378 p.
12. Wellmer, F. W. (1998) Statistical Evaluation in Exploration for Mineral Deposits, Springer,
Hannover, 379 p.
Page 34 of 60
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC18 GLC519 Engineering Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The student will gained knowledge for developments of engineering geological projects and geotechnical mitigation
measures of natural hazards.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Classify various geological strata for their engineering use.
Apply various techniques for development of various types engineering structures.
Determine expected loads and design and evaluate the capacity of support systems
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Advances inEngineering geology: Introduction,
definition, development of subject, and significance and
geotechnical ground
1 Concept, development history and
types of geological strata
2 Geological strata: rocks, rock material, rock mass, and
geomechanical classification of rock mass
3 Categorization of rock strata
3 Construction materials: definition, types of stones,
parameters, testing, cement-aggregates reactions.
3 Construction materials and their
specification
4 Dams: definition, elements, and classification. 2 Elements and types of dams.
5
Geotechnical investigation for dam and reservoir sites:
geotechnical parameters, dam foundation, preparation and
treatments.
3 Geotechnical condition, preparation
and treatments of dam foundation
structures
6 Geotechnical stability of dams: Forces acting on dam,
parameters, causes of failure.
3 Various forces acting on dam and its
stability condition.
7 Methods of anchoring of strata: grouting, grout, and
classification of grouting
3 About grouting and related aspects.
8 Tunnels: definition: elements, parameters, and
classification, geotechnical investigation.
2 Elements and types of tunnel, and
geotechnical investigation.
9 Methods of tunnelling: Old methods, and modern
methods.
2 Different methods of tunnel
development.
10
Ground reaction and support system: types of ground,
rock load, parameters and support system and
strengthening of strata
4 concept of rock loads and details of
support system.
11
Roads and Highways : introduction, classification of
roads, types of pavements, geotechnical investigation and
methods of construction
3 Parts and types of roads and
investigation for roads
12
Bridges and buildings: elements of bridge, types of
bridge, and types of building foundation and geotechnical
investigation
2 Components and types of bridge and
building foundation and necessary
geotechnical investigations.
13 Mass movements and slope stability: landslide, mines
bench and dump.
3 Various types of slope stability
problems
14
Earthquakes and seismicity: elements of earthquake,
measurements, classification, seismic zones of India,
impacts, and design, Induced seismicity and reservoir
induce seismicity.
3 About types and measurements
earthquakes, their impact, seismic
zones of India.
15
Shoreline geotechnics : geotechnical condition of ground,
problems, design and mitigation measures
2 Geotechnical condition and stability
problems of shore lines & control
measures
Reference Books:
1. Rahm, P.H (1985). Engineering Geology. An Environmental Approach, Elsevier, XI, pp.1-589
2. Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W. (1986). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. 2nd Ed, John Wiley and Sons.
Other References:
Page 35 of 60
1. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC19 GLC520 Hydrogeology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts and principles of occurrence, movement and quality of
groundwater, focussing on quantitative analysis.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Assess the role of water in Earth’s climate
Distinguish between confined & unconfined aquifers
Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater flow and geological material interpretation;
Use pump test data for groundwater flow applications.
Develop skills in approaching complex problems involving flow and storage of groundwater
Gain knowledge on sustainable development of groundwater resources.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Introduction to Hydrogeology: Water on Earth; Types of
water; Distribution of water; Role of water in Earth’s
climate; Hydrological cycle and its components
2 Introduction to Hydrogeology: Get
introduced to key hydrologic processes
2
Occurrence of Groundwater:Water-bearing properties of
rocks — porosity, intrinsic permeability, specific yield and
specific retention; Vertical distribution of water; Zone of
aeration and zone of saturation; Classification of rocks
according to their water-bearing properties; Aquifers;
Classification of aquifers; quantitative assessment of
aquifer properties; Concepts of drainage basins and
groundwater basins; Basics of vadose zone hydrology.
10 Occurrence of Groundwater: Get to
know how water is stored in the
subsurface and its distribution with
depth
3
Aquifer Characteristics: Aquifer parameters:
transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storage
coefficient; Determination of permeability in laboratory;
Concept of heterogeneity and anisotropy; Characteristic
differences between confined and unconfined aquifers;
Water table and piezometric surface; Fluctuations of water
table and piezometric surface; Water table contour maps;
Hydrographs; Hydrostratigraphic units.
6 Aquifer Characteristics: Understand
the fundamental properties of sub-
surface storage and their key controls.
4
Principles of Groundwater Movement: Hydrostatic
pressure; Fluid potential; Energy in groundwater;
Hydraulic head; Theory of groundwater flow; Darcy's law
and its applications; Specific discharge; Limitations of
Darcy’s Law; Reynolds Number; Governing equation for
flow through porous medium; Steady and non-steady state
flow - Initial and boundary Conditions; Solution of flow
equations; Dupuit’s Assumption; Boussinesq Equation;
Streamlines and flownet analysis; Groundwater flow
patterns, Groundwater-Surface water interactions;
Determination of flow direction
12 Principles of Groundwater Movement:
Understand the factors driving the
movement of water
5
Well Hydraulics:Flow through aquifers: 2-D groundwater
flow equations; Flow in steady and non-steady state
conditions; Evaluation of aquifer parameters of confined,
semi-confined and unconfined aquifers - Thiem, Theis and
Jacob methods; numerical problems on pumping test.
5 Well Hydraulics: Get to know how
water flows in the saturated subsurface
in different dimensions
6 Groundwater Quality: Physical and chemical properties
of water; chemical reactions; Quality criteria for different
2 Groundwater quality: Will know how
to assess the quality and suitability of
Page 36 of 60
uses; Graphical presentation of groundwater quality data;
Saline water intrusion (Ghyben-Herzberg relation)
groundwater and the sources of
contamination
7
Management of Groundwater: Over-exploitation of
groundwater; Groundwater problems in urban/rural
settings; Climate change impact on ground water resources;
Groundwater potential mapping; Rainwater harvesting and
managed aquifer recharge; Conjunctive use of surface and
groundwater; Groundwater governance.
2 Management of groundwater: Get to
know the major issues related to
groundwater availability, utilization
and management
Reference Books:
1. Groundwater Hydrology by D. K. Todd and L. W. Mays, 3rd Edition, 2011, Wiley India.
2. Applied Hydrogeology by C. W. Fetter, 4th Edition, 2014, Pearson New International.
Other References:
1. Groundwater by H. M. Raghunath, 3rd Edition, 2007, New Age International Publishers.
2. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology by P. A. Domenico and F. W. Shcwartz, 2nd Edition, 1997, Wiley.
3. Elements of Physical Hydrology by G. M. Hornberger, J. P. Raffensperger, P. L. Wiberg and K. N.
Eshleman, 1st Edition, 1998, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE1 GLD 521 Course Name: Stratigraphy 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The student will get to learn in detail the Indian stratigraphy.
Learning Outcomes
Learn the fundamentals of stratigraphic correlation and about the Geologic Time Scale
Understand the different stratigraphic groups and formations of India
Learn about the significance of Indian Stratigraphy for understanding the evolution of continents over
geologic time
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Principles of stratigraphic correlation. Stratigraphic code of
nomenclature. Geologic Time Scale.
7 The fundamentals and principles of
stratigraphic correlation and
comprehend geologic time scale
2. Precambrian belts of India (South India, Central India,
Rajasthan, Eastern Ghat, Singhbhum-Orissa): Age
correlations, metamorphism, tectonics and evolution.
Archean-Proterozoic boundary problem in India. Concept of
Precambrian supercontinents.
7 The tectonic and stratigraphic
evolution of Precambrian terrains
in India
3. Important Proterozoic basins of Peninsular India:
Sedimentation, correlation and evolution. Stratigraphic
Boundary Status: Precambrian-Cambrian, Permo-Triassic,
Cretaceous- Tertiary, Neogene-Quaternary.
7 The sedimentary history and
evolution of Phanerozoic
geological strata distributed in
various parts of India
4. Phanerozoics of Extra Peninsula: Spiti, Kashmir and Salt
Range. Stratigraphy, tectonics, and basin evolution of
Gondwana sedimentary units; Intracontinental and
intercontinental correlations between Gondwana
successions.
7 The evolution of Gondwana basins
in India
5. Evolution and stratigraphy of Indian Coastlines: Marine
Mesozoics of coastal India viz. Cretaceous of Trichinopalli
and Jurassic of Kutch. Traps: Deccan, Rajmahal, Sylhet and
Rajahmundry Traps and their correlations.
6 The Mesozoic stratigraphy and the
development of coastlines in India
6. Tertiary formations of Kutch and Assam–Arakan geological
provinces. Lithostratigraphy of different sedimentary cycles
vis-à-vis major geologic and tectonic events of the
Himalayas. Lithostratigraphy of Siwalik Sediments.
5 The Cenozoic stratigraphy and the
geologic and tectonic processes that
led to the evolution of the
Himalayas.
Page 37 of 60
Reference Books:
1. M.A. Murphy and A. Salvador, International Stratigraphic Guide — An abridged version. International
Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification of IUGS International Commission on Stratigraphy,
Episodes, 1999, 255 – 272.
2. R. Vaidyanadhan and M. Ramakrishnan, Geology of India. Geological Society of India, Bangalore, 2010,
Vol. 1 & 2, 997p.
Other References:
1. Ravindra Kumar. Fundamentals of Historical Geology and Stratigraphy of India. New Age International
(P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 1996, 254p.
2. R.S. Sharma, Cratons and Fold Belts of India. Springer, 2009, 304p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE1 GLD 522 Coal Bed Methane, Shale Gas and Gas hydrate 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal bed methane, shale gas and gas
hydrate such as origin, types, reservoir analysis and production to the students.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand
The origin, types, reservoir analysis and production of coal bed methane, shale gas and gas hydrates.
Geological exploration method for gas hydrate
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Coal bed methane and shale gas: generation and
accumulation; Micropore, Mesopore and macropore, cleat
system
5 Origin of coal bed methane (CBM)
and shale gas and various types of
pores
2. Sorption: principles, sorption isotherms – types and
interpretation. CO2, CH4 and N2 adsorption – desorption,
hysterisis, langmuir isotherm, Swelling and shrinkage of coal
matrix, isotherm construction
5 Sorption isotherm and preparation
of isotherm
3. CBM Reservoir analysis: CH4 content determination in
coal seams; Coal bed methane reservoir analysis
5 CBM reservoir analysis for
production
4. CBM Water: CBM Water production and disposal, injection
wells, carbon dioxide sequestration
3 CBM water production and
disposal
5. Coalbed Methane Basins: Potential Indian coalbed
methane basins and production, hydraulic fracturing of coal
seams; CBM exploration
7 Hydraulic fracturing and various
Indian CBM basins
6. UCG:In-situ gasification 2 Geological and petrographical
aspects of underground coal
gasification
7. Gas hydrate: Gas hydrate, occurrence and origin; structure
of gas hydrate, Types of gas hydrate
3 Origin and types of gas hydrate
8. Geological setting: Geological setting of Hydrate; Stability
of gas hydrates; Gas hydrate reservoir; Volume of gas in
hydrate; inhibitors
5 Geological setting of gas hydrate
9. Gas Hydrate Exploration: Geological exploration of gas
hydrate; Prospect and potentialities of gas hydrate in India
4 Geological exploration method for
gas hydrate
Reference Books:
1. Coalbed Methane and Coal Geology-Eds. R.Gayer and I. Harris, Geological Society, London 1996.
Page 38 of 60
2. Shale Gas: Exploration and Environmental and Economic Impacts,2017 AM Dayal and D.Mani (eds)
Elsevier.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
OE1 GLO 523 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to provide knowledge about fundamental aspects of atmosphere, ocean, land
and major issues related to variability and changes observed in the climate.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Earth’s atmosphere, ocean and land as a system of systems.
General circulation and stability of atmosphere.
Atmosphere-ocean coupling, feedback effects and climate change.
Monsoon system in India and teleconnection.
About climate change indicators.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Structure and chemical composition of the Earth’s
atmosphere, lapse rate and stability, convection, radiative-
convective equilibrium, pressure and geopotential height, air
masses, wind belts and greenhouse gases. Atmospheric
turbulence and boundary layer. Atmospheric circulation.
Cloud formation, precipitation processes and water balance.
Atmospheric pollution.
8 Understand about earth’s
atmosphere: chemical composition,
structure, circulation patterns and
major processes.
2. Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor. Physical and
chemical properties of seawater and their spatial variations.
Residence times. Ocean currents, waves and tides, ocean
eddy, stratification, Ekman pumping, important current
systems. Major water masses of the world’s oceans. Marine
Pollution. Harmful Algal Blooms.
7 Learn about oceans: seawater
characteristics and processes.
3. Air-sea fluxes, interactions and climate feedback. Insolation
and heat budget, radiation balance, Walker cell, general
circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. Motion of fluids,
waves in atmospheric and oceanic systems. Hurricanes and
Tornadoes, categories, scales and indexes.
8 Know waves in atmosphere and
ocean systems, air-sea interactions,
and climate feedbacks.
4. Weather and Climate. Classification of climates. Climate
Indicators and Indices. Climate variability. General weather
systems of India, - Monsoon system, tropical cyclone and jet
stream, Western disturbances and severe local convective
systems, distribution of precipitation over India.
8 Understand weather and climate,
climate variability and indices,
monsoon system in India and
teleconnection.
5. Climatic and sea level changes on different time scales. Sea
surface temperature. Global and regional oscillation pattern
and climate. Coupled ocean-atmosphere system, El Nino
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Niño and La-Nina and
effect on monsoon systems, drought, and flood events.
Climate models, changes in cryosphere, global warming, and
climate change.
8 Major global and regional
oscillation patterns and their effects
on the rainfall and climate.
7. Tertiary formations of Kutch and Assam–Arakan geological
provinces. Lithostratigraphy of different sedimentary cycles
vis-à-vis major geologic and tectonic events of the
Himalayas. Lithostratigraphy of Siwalik Sediments.
5 The Cenozoic stratigraphy and the
geologic and tectonic processes that
led to the evolution of the
Himalayas.
Page 39 of 60
Reference Books:
1. Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: An Introduction to Text by J. Marshall and R. A. Plumb
2. The Atmosphere and Ocean: A Physical Introduction by N.C. Wells
Other References:
1. Atmospheric Science by J.M. Wallace and P.V. Hobbs
2. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate by R. G. Barry and R. J. Chorley
3. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology by F.K. Lutgens, E.J. Tarbuck, D.G. Tasa
4. Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere by C.D. Ahrens
5. Meteorology : Understanding the Atmosphere by Steven Ackerman, John Knox
6. Essential of Oceanography by Trujillo/ Thurman
7. Essentials of Oceanography, by Tom Garrison
8. Fundamentals of Weather and Climate by Mcllveen
9. Understanding Weather and Climate by Edward Aguado, James E. Burt
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
OE1 GLO 532 Environmental Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce the basic tenants of environmental geology, sources of pollutants
from natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The subject deals with the adverse effects on the environments and the
role of geologist in the remedial measures for environmental contaminants and its safe disposal.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand:
Understand the different aspects of environmental problems in the natural system including the different
sources i.e. geogenic and anthropogenic sources.
Origin and transportation mechanism of the pollutants and their impacts on the society.
Know the possible remedial methods as well as disposal of different waste
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lectu
re
Hour
s
Learning Outcome
1. Introduction to Environmental Geology: Fundamental
concepts of environmental geology. Changes in the
environment caused by anthropogenic processes.
6 Understanding of different aspects of
environmental geology and
environmental changes.
2. Sources of Pollutants:Sources of Inorganic and organic
contaminants. Drinking water standards. Surface and ground
water pollution. Geochemistry of toxic elements in natural
waters. Introduction to Medical Geology:
9 Sources of pollutants i.e. geogenic
and anthropogenic sources., medical
geology.
3. Earth Processes and impacts: Study of surface geological
processes with reference to their impact on environment.
6 Surface geological processes causing
environmental changes.
4. Exploration/Mining and Impacts on Environment:
Environmental problems connected with exploitation of
minerals and energy resources. Acid mine drainage. Land
use and land degradation due to mining. Soils, erosion and
conservation
8 Exploration and mining related
environmental problems.
5. Environmental Management: Geological solutions to
environmental problems. Role of geology in waste disposal,
Global warming, Climate change and Mitigation.
Environmental planning, management and economics (EMP
and EIA).
10 Environmental management
including the possible remediation.
Reference Books:
1. Montgomery, C.W. (1989) Environmental Geology (II Edition). Wm. C Brown Publ.
2. Valdiya, K S (1987) Environmental Geology. Indian Context. Tata McGraw Hill Publ.
Other References:
Page 40 of 60
1. Keller, E A. (2012) Introduction to Environmental Geology (5h Edition). Prentice Hall.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP11 GLC524 Principles and Applications Geostatistics Practical
0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the ability to solve classical statistical and
geostatistical exercises.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the utilisation of classical statistical tools and tests as applicable in exploration and evaluation;
Apply concepts and principles of geostatistics for characterisation of deposits.
Carry out Spatial data analysis;
Perform Kriging and Simulation.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Frequency Distribution Analysis – with equal support and
unequal support
2 Frequency distribution analysis
2 Sample Composite Analysis 1 Sample value compositing;
3 Drill hole statistics 1 Computation of drill hole statistics;
4 Fitting of normal distribution (graphical and numerical) 1 Fitting of normal probability
distribution (graphical and numerical);
5 Fitting of lognormal distribution (graphical and numerical) 1 Fitting of lognormal probability
distribution (graphical and numerical);
6 Chi-squared goodness of fit test 1 Chi-squared goodness of fit test
exercise;
7 Semi-variography in 1-Dimension 1 Semi-variography in 1-Dimension;
8 Semi-variography in 2-Dimensions 1 Semi-variography in 2-Dimensions;
9 Estimation Variance 1 Calculation of Estimation Variance;
10 Kriging 1 Computation of kriged estimate and
kriging variance;
11 Ore Evaluation Problem – Stope Block Estimation 1 Solving ore evaluation problem.
12 Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Clark, I. (1979) Practical Geostatistics, Elsevier Applied Science Publ. London, 151 p.
2. David, M. (1977) Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co. Amsterdam,
364 p.
Other References:
1. Gandhi, S.M. and Sarkar, B.C. (2016) Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation, Elsevier,
USA, 410 p.
2. Moon, C., Whateley, M. K.G., and Evans, A.M. (2006) Introduction to Mineral Exploration.
Blackwell Publ., Oxford, 481 p.
3. Rendu, J.M. (1981) An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation, SAIMM
Monograph, Johannesburg, 84p.
4. Sinclair, A.J. and Blackwell, G.H. (2002) Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 378 p.
5. Wellmer, F. W. (1998) Statistical Evaluation in Exploration for Mineral Deposits, Springer,
Hannover, 379 p.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
Page 41 of 60
DP12 GLC525 Engineering geology and Hydrogeology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
1. The student will gain knowledge for identification of geotechnical problematic zones, their preparation and
treatments to improve the strength of ground and construction of engineering geological structures and natural hazards.
2. In this course the students will also study the fundamental concepts and principles of occurrence, movement and
quality of groundwater, focusing on quantitative analysis.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Demarcate various kinds of geological strata for their engineering use.
Identify and delineate geotechnical weak zones and suggest various kinds of treatments. .
Determine various geotechnical problems related to foundation of engineering structures and instability of
strata.
Assess the role of water in Earth’s climate
Distinguish between confined & unconfined aquifers
Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater flow and geological material interpretation;
Use pump test data for groundwater flow applications.
Develop skills in approaching complex problems involving flow and storage of groundwater
Gain knowledge on sustainable development of groundwater resources.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Exercise on engineering geological maps general. 1 Different types of geological strata for
their engineering use.
2 Preparation of zonation map and sections 1 Limit of weak zones and treatments.
3
Geotechnical analysis of engineering geological map of
hydropower site
1 geotechnical problems and instability
of foundation strata of hydropower
project
4 Evaluation of geotechnical problem along tunnel
alignment.
1 Identification of problematic zone
along tunnel development.
5 Identification of suitable road alignments 1 location of suitable road alignments
6 Delineation of problematic zones in valley side slopes 1 Identification of problematic slopes.
7
Characterization of Groundwater: Preparation of water
table and piezometric surface; Maps of water table and
piezometric surface fluctuations of; Water table contour
maps; Hydrographs; Determination of groundwater flow
direction; 3-point problems.
4
Assess the role of water in Earth’s
climate
Use pump test data for groundwater
flow applications.
8
Darcy’s Law: Laboratory measurements of flow through
saturated media; Estimation of hydraulic conductivity
1 Distinguish between confined &
unconfined aquifers.
Gain knowledge on sustainable
development of groundwater resources.
9
Permeability Tests: Determination of permeability using
falling and constant head permeameters
1 Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater
flow and geological material
interpretationDevelop skills in
approaching complex problems
involving flow and storage of
groundwater
10 Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Jumkis, A.R. (1983). Rock Mech. 2nd Ed, Trans Tech Vol.7, pp.1-613
2. Gripps, J.C.et al., (1993). Engineering Geology of Weak Rocks. Geol. Soc. London, A.A Balkema, pp.1-
510.
3. Groundwater Hydrology by K. E. Todd. 2nd Edition, 2006, Wiley India.
4. Applied Hydrogeology by C. W. Fetter, 4th Edition, 2007, Prentice Hall Inc.
Other References:
1. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.
2. Groundwater by H. M. Raghunath, 3rd Edition, 2007, New Age International Publishers.
Page 42 of 60
3. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology by P. A. Domenico and F. W. Shcwartz, 2nd Edition, 1997, Wiley.
4. Elements of Physical Hydrology by G. M. Hornberger, J. P. Raffensperger, P. L. Wiberg and K. N.
Eshleman, 1st Edition, 1998, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Page 43 of 60
Semester VIII
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC20 GLC526 Ore Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The course deals with the natural mineral resources and their association with different host rocks during their
formation. The fundamental concepts regarding the origin of the mineral can be well understood with a thorough
knowledge on the mineral assemblages, textural features, paragenetic order and metallogeny
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the different ore systematic at divergence geological setting and terrains with implications for
exploration.
Identification of minerals based on their optical properties and textural behaviour and their application in
mineral beneficiation industries.
To know the source and depositional environment based on isotopic and fluid inclusion studies.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Ore forming processes: Introduction to different ore
forming processes and their geodynamic settings.
10 Different ore forming processes and
metallogeny with case studies.
2
Geochemical concepts of the ore system: Partition of trace
elements, Phase diagrams of ore minerals. Calculation of
thermo-barometric parameters for oxide and sulphide
phases. Different types of chemical reactions involved in
hydrothermal alterations and supergene enrichment.
9 Phase diagrams of different
geochemical environment and
hydrothermal alteration.
3 Introduction to Ore microscopy: Qualitative and
Quantitative methods in the identification of Ore minerals.
6 Methods to study ore minerals.
4 Introduction to ore textures, microstrutures and
applications: Ore textures and paragenesis. Industrial
application of ore microscopy and process mineralogy.
7 Application of ore microscopy in
exploration and process mineralogy.
5
Fluid Inclusion Studies and Application: Nature of ore
forming fluids.
Fluid inclusions and their application in the genesis of ores.
Isotopes and their bearing on ore genesis and application.
7 Importance of fluid inclusion and
isotopic studies in ore systems.
Reference Books:
1. Kula C Misra. 2001. Understanding Mineral Deposits. Kluwer Publ.
2. Craig, J.R and Vaughan, D.J., 1981. Ore Microscopy and Ore petrography. John Wiley &sons.
Other References:
1. Robb, L. (2005) Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes by, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
2. H.L.Barnes (Ed). 1997. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal deposits. III Edn. John Wiley & Sons.
3. A.M. Evans. 1997: Ore Geology and Industrial minerals- An introduction (III edn.) Geoscience, Texas
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC16 GLC513 Coal Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal such as origin, transport, formation,
types, physical properties and depositional environments and industrial utilization to the students
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Distinguish between different typescoal based on physical, chemical and petogarphical and other properties.
Origin and effect of various depositional environments in shaping ofvarious coal type.
Role of Coal Geology in industrial utilization.
Page 44 of 60
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Coal and its properties: Different varieties and ranks of
coal. Type of Depositional processes. Coalification process
and its causes.
7 Various types of coal and their origin
2 Structural features: Sediments closely associated with coal. 2 Structural features of coal seams and
their applications
3
Lithotypes, microlithotypes and macerals: their physical
and optic properties. Maceral analysis of coal; Mineral and
organic matter in coal; Petrographic methods and tools
of examination.
7 Petrographic characteristics of various
lithotypes, micro-lithotypes, macerals
and associated mineral matters
4
Industrial evaluation of coal: Application of coal
petrography. Proximate and ultimate analyses; Industrial
evaluation of coal characteristics with reference to coal
classification.
7 Industrial evaluation of coal
5
Distribution of different coalfields: Geological and
geographical distribution of different coalfields with
special reference to India. Geology and petrography of
different coalfields and lignite fields of India (Jharia,
Raniganj coalfields).
7 Various coal basins of India and their
characteristics
6
Coal for various industries: Uses of coal for various
industries e.g. carbonization, liquefaction power
generation, gasification and coalbed methane production;
Organic Petrology and Introduction to coal-based
Nanomaterials
7 Organic petrology for nanomaterials
7 Organic Petrology: Organic Petrology and Introduction to
coal-based Nanomaterials
2 Organic petrology for coal -based
nanomaterials
Reference Books:
1. Taylor, G.H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, R., Robert, P., 1998. Org. Petrol.
GerbrüderBorntraeger, Berlin.16, 704.
2. Van Krevelen, D.W., 1993. Coal: Typology-chemistry-physics-constitution. Elsevier Science,
Amsterdam, 963.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DC21 GLC527 Exploration Geology and Mineral Economics 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce the fundamental aspects of exploration strategies followed in
Greenfield and Brownfield exploration. Different sampling methodologies and resource methodologies are basic
ingredients of the course. Apart from the basic exploration technique, the economic evaluation is done before mining.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the different approaches of mineral exploration using different tools.
Can build up confidence in sampling and reserve estimation.
Mineral economics of a deposit need to be understood by different methodologies.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Methods of Geological Prospecting and Exploration:
Principles and concepts of mineral exploration, methods of
Prospecting and Exploration. Different Stages of mineral
Exploration. Radiometric survey. Remote sensing in
mineral exploration.
7 Understand the different approaches of
mineral exploration using different
tools.
2 Sampling and Subsurface exploration: Sampling theory,
objectives and methods. Exploration drilling technique,
6 Basic concept of sampling drilling and
ore body evaluation.
Page 45 of 60
planning, drill core logging and sampling. Planning of the
Geological plans and sections for ore body evaluation.
3
Reserve Estimation: Cut-off grade concepts and
applications, Reserve Estimation– principles, practices and
different conventional methods.
4 Principle and practices of ore reserve
evaluation.
4
Principles of Geochemical Exploration: Geochemical
cycle, geochemical mobility and association of elements.
Primary and secondary dispersions of elements;
Determination of background, and geochemical anomalies;
Pathfinder and target elements for geochemical
exploration.
4 Basic concept of geochemical
exploration.
5
Geochemical methods of mineral exploration: Methods
of geochemical explorations, Procedures for geochemical
sampling; Interpretation of geochemical surveys.
5 Methods of geochemical explorations.
6
Mineral Economics
World resources of minerals: Classification of mineral
resources with special reference to UNFC and JORC
schemes. Mineral markets, Import-Export policies and
International Trade. Demand analysis of minerals, Royalty
and Taxes. India’s status in mineral production.
5 Mineral Economics and world
resources of minerals.
7
Mineral Policies and Regulations: International and
national mineral policies. Mines and Mineral policies.
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) act.
Marine and mineral resources and laws of sea.
4 National and International mineral
policy and regulations.
8
Economics of Deposit: Economic evaluation of mineral
deposit.
Mineral conservation: Methods of mineral conservation
and substitution
4 Economics of mineral deposits and
mineral conservation.
Reference Books:
1. Reedman, J H. Techniques in Mineral Exploration: 1979. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK.
2. Peters, W.C. Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); 1987. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE2 GLD528 Geotechnical Engineering 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The student will gain a brief knowledge for application of various aspects of geotechniques related to settlements,
energy and natural resources and environment.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Classify various kinds of geological strata in geotechnical purview.
2. Apply the geotechnical concepts in various field related to infrastructures and developments.
3. Identify problems related to geotechnical aspects in energy sectors and environment fields.
4. Determine expected loads and design and evaluate anchoring systems
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Geotechnical Engineering: Introduction, definition and phase relations
1
2. Geotechnical ground and construction materials: Needs, parameters, types of ground, types
of materials, parameters, testing, cement-aggregates
reactions.
4
3. Water–rock interaction: weathering indices,
durability indices, and chemical reactions.
2
Page 46 of 60
4. Geotechnical investigations for settlements and ground-foundation interaction: Identification of
sites, new alignments, parameters, ground- foundation interaction, differential settlement.
5
5. Underground spaces and ground control
problems: definition, elements, parameters, and classification, geotechnical investigation, types of
ground, geotechnical problems, subsidence,
convergence, etc
4
6. Loads and anchoring of strata: parameters,
methods, grouting, bolting, wire meshing, etc.
3
7. Geotechniques of cold region: characteristics and behaviour of ground, ground control problems, and
mitigation measures
3
8. Geotechnical aspects of resources: mineral and water exploration and extraction.
3
9. Energy Geotechniques: Geothermal energy, fuels, Coal Bed Methane (CBM) exploration and extraction,
hydropower.
4
10. Environmental Geotechniques: types of waste, carbon dioxide sequestration, geotechnical application
in waste management, natural hazards,
4
11. Rivers and Quaternary Geotechniques: land forms, neotectonics, river hydraulics and associate
problems, geotechnical applications
3
12. Shoreline geotechniques: Erosion, shore dynamics, geotechnical condition of ground, problems, shore
stability, design and mitigation measures
3
Reference Books:
1. Rahm, P.H (1985). Engineering Geology. An Environmental Approach, Elsevier, XI, pp.1-589
2. Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W. (1986). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. 2nd Ed, John Wiley and Sons.
Other References: 3. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.
4. Jumkis, A.R. (1983). Rock Mech. 2nd Ed, Trans Tech Vol.7, pp.1-613
5. Gripps, J.C.et al., (1993). Engineering Geology of Weak Rocks. Geol. Soc. London, A.A Balkema, pp.1-
510.
6. Stober, I. and Bucher, K. (2013). Geothermal Energy: From Theoretical Models to Exploration and
Development, Springer, 1-277.
7. Hudson, J.A. and Harrison, J. (2000). Engineering Rock mechanics: an introduction to the principles,
Elsevier pp. 1-456
8. Morena J. Acosta (Editor) (2011). Advances in Energy Research (Volume 5), Publisher: Nova Science
Publishers, Inc., NY, USA, pp1- 419.
9. John, P. (2005). Waste management practices,(2nd Ed) CRC Press pp.1-676.
10. Dentefratta, et al., (2017). Introduction to soil mechanics Laboratory testing, CRC Press, pp.1-267.
11. Report on Shale gas and coal bed methane: potential sources of sustainable energy in future, Erns &
Young Pvt. Ltd, pp.1-30.
12. Blinderman, M and Klimenko, A (2017). Underground coal gasification and combustion, Woodhead Pbl,
pp. 1-662.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE2 GLD529 Organic Geochemistry 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of organic geochemistry such as
origin, transport, formation, types, physical properties and depositional environments and industrial utilization to the students. Learning Outcomes
Page 47 of 60
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Distinguish between different kerogen types based on physical, chemical and petrographical and other
properties.
2. Origin and effect of various depositional environments in shaping of various macromolecular components.
3. Role of organic geochemistry in industrial utilization.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Organo-geochemical Cycles and organic matter: Organo-
geochemical Cycles, Fundamental aspects of organic matter
formation
5
2. Preservation and composition: Preservation and
composition; Diagnostic isotopic fossils. 4
3. Macromolecular compounds: Macromolecular compounds
and their role in kerogen, coal and petroleum. 4
4. Isotope fractionation: Isotope fractionation during primary
production. 4
5. Biomarkers: Production, transport and alteration of
particulate organic matter. Biomarkers and their applications 4
6. Kerogen: Types, structural components, maturity;
Analytical Pyrolysis and chemical methods for assessing
types and maturity.
5
7. Kerogen Petrology: Organic petrographic approach for
kerogen characterization 5
8. Thermal alteration : Thermal alteration of organic matter
and formation of fossil fuels. 5
9. Organic Geochemical Research: Organic Geochemical
Research for Hydrocarbon Exploration.
3
Reference Books:
1. Organic Geochemistry by Stephen D.Killops and Venessa J. Killops ,2013 (Second Edition)
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE3 GLD 530 Geodynamics 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for understanding evolution of morphotectonic
features of the earth.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand:
Understand different techniques for tectonic reconstructions.
Understand the petro-tectonic associations in different regions.
Understand the behaviour of the earth in time and space.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Methods and sources of information: Internal structure of
the earth. Variation of physical properties inside earth.
7 Understand different techniques for
tectonic reconstructions.
2. Crustal types and their characters: Tectonic features of
continental areas. Main features of ocean basins. Characters
of deep ocean floor and oceanic ridges. Different types of
continental margins and their characters. Stages in the
evolution of oceanic basins.
7 Understand the petro-tectonic
associations in different regions.
Page 48 of 60
3. Tectonic hypotheses of orogenesis: continental drift,
palaeomagnetism, sea floor spreading and distribution of
tectonically active zones.
7 Understand the behaviour of the
earth in time and space
4. The concept of plate tectonics: Plate geometry and plate
boundaries. Plates in velocity space. Cartesian coordinates,
spherical coordinates and reference frame. Finding Euler's
pole. Velocity due to rotation about Euler's pole. Angular
velocity vectors. Triple junctions. Mechanisms of plate
motion.
6 Fundamental concepts of plate
tectonics and dynamic activities of
earth.
5. Tectonics of different plate boundaries: Different types of
tectonic settings. Petro-tectonic assemblages at different
plate boundaries. Activation model and collision model of
orogeny. Pacific and Andean type orogeny.
6 Concepts of plate boundaries and
magmatism.
6. Configuration of the Indian plate: Characters of different
tectonic zones and the origin of the Himalayas.
6 Tectonic zones in Indi and their
significance in understanding the
evolution.
Reference Books:
1. Bearman, G. (1989). The ocean basins: their structure and evolution. Pergamon Press.
2. Boillot, G. (1981). Geology of the continental margins. Longman.
Other References:
1. Condie, K. C. (1997). Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
2. Jolivet, L. and Nataf, H.C. (2001). Geodynamics. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
3. Kearey, P. and Vine, F. J. (1996). Global Tectonics. Blackwell Publishing, London
4. Kennett, JP (1982). Marine Geology. Prentice-Hall.
5. Moores, E. M. and Twiss, R. J. (1995). Tectonics. W. H. Freeman & Co.
6. Ranalli, G. (1995). Rheology of the Earth (2nd Edition). Chapman & Hall, London.
7. Turcotte, D.L. and Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press
8. Van der Pluijm, B.A. & Marshak, S. (2004). Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and
Tectonics (2nd Edition). WW Norton & Company.
9. Windley, B.F. (1995). The evolving continents (3rd Edition). John Wiley, Chichester.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE3 GLD 531 Sequence Stratigraphy and Basin Analysis 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Understand the basic concepts of base level of erosion, transgression and regression.
Know various types of stratigraphic surfaces and their uses.
Understand the basic concepts of system tracts Understand various types of sedimentary depositional
environments and their importance for hydrocarbon systems, ore deposits and groundwater accumulation
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Definitions and key concepts, base level changes,
transgressions and regressions.
3 Understand the basic concepts of
base level of erosion, transgression
and regression.
2 Sequence stratigraphic surfaces. Unconformity and
correlative conformity
4 Know various types of stratigraphic
surfaces and their uses.
3 Systems Tracts: Lowstand, Transgressive, Highstand,
Falling stage.
4 Understand the basic concepts of
system tracts
4 Hierarchy of sequences and bounding surfaces` 3 Understand the hierarchy of
sequences
Basin Analysis
5 Definition and scope of basin analysis 3 Basics of basin analysis
Page 49 of 60
6 Basin mapping methods: structure and isopach contouring,
lithofacies maps, palaeocurrent analysis, Geohistory
analysis. Thermal history.
10 Learn the basin mapping methods
7 Regional and global stratigraphic cycles. Tectonic
classification of sedimentary basins.
5 Learn about tectonic classification
of sedimentary basins.
8 Characteristics of divergent margin basins, convergent
margin basins, transform and transcurrent fault basins, basins
developed during continental collision and suturing and
cratonic basins.
6 Understand the character of various
types of sedimentary basins.
9 Review of Indian basins. 1 Learn about Indian Sedimentary
basins
Reference Books:
1. Gary Nichols – Sedimentology & Stratigraphy, 2003, Blackwell Publishing Company, Malden, USA
2. Richard C. Selley – Applied Sedimentology, 2000, Academic Press, California, USA.
Other References: 1. H.G. Reading – Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy, 1996, Blackwell Science
Limited, Malden, USA.
2. Hans-Erich Reineck and Indra Bir Singh – Depositional sedimentary environments: with reference to
terrigenous clastics, 1992, Springer-Verlag.
3. Winfried Zimmerle– Petroleum Sedimentology, 1995, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
4. B. Biju-Duval – Sedimentary Geology: Sedimentary Basins, Depositional Environments, Petroleum
Formation, 2002, Editions Technip, Paris.
5. Andrew Miall – Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis. Springer, New York, 1990.
6. Magnus Wangen – Physical Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New
York, 2010.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP13 GLC533 Ore and Exploration Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The course is focussed to orient the students to identify the different types of ore minerals and associated host rocks
and apply the knowledge in the field. The microscopic characterization is needed to understand the textures,
associations of different ore minerals at various geological environments of deposition and on their possible origin.
The students will also gain a thorough knowledge on the geochemical and borehole data processing, sampling
methodologies and interpretations and different types of reserve estimation for ore deposit types
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Identification of metallic and non-metallic ore minerals based on their physical properties.
Identification of ore minerals under microscope from their properties and textural studies under petrological
microscope, micro-textural characteristics and paragenesis, particle size measurement procedure and their
application in mineral processing.
Channel sampling and data analysis to conclude the plan of the exploration and exploitation activities.
Calculation of the reserve by different methods and geochemical contouring from the surface database
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1
Megascopic identification of Ore minerals: Identification
of metallic and non-metallic ore minerals and associated
host rock assemblages based on the physical
characteristics.
2 Identification of metallic and non-
metallic ore minerals based on their
physical properties.
2
Ore microscopic Studies: Concept of reflected light
microscopy and description of optical properties of ore
minerals, ore microscopic studies of important oxide,
sulphide and complex minerals. Textural Characteristics:
Identification of micro textures and micro-structural
5 Identification of ore minerals under
microscope from their properties.
Textural studies under petrological
microscope.
Page 50 of 60
features of ore mineral assemblages, texture based
paragenesis.
3
Applied Ore microscopy: Particle size measurement and
applications in the liberation characteristics of complex
mineral assemblages for mineral beneficiation and in other
areas. Fluid Inclusion Studies: Introductory fluid inclusion
petrography.
2 Micro-textural characteristics and
paragenesis, particle size measurement
procedure and their application in
mineral processing. Fluid inclusion
petrography.
4
Sampling and Borehole Section Preparation: Exercises on
channel sampling, preparation of geological sections,
borehole correlation methods. Reserve Estimation
Methods: Reserve calculation by Polygon method,
Triangular method, Sectional method and Contouring
method.
2 Channel sampling and data analysis to
conclude the plan of the exploration
and exploitation activities. Calculation
of the reserve by different methods.
5
Geochemical Exploration Data Analysis: Geochemical
contouring, statistical evaluation of geochemical data, drill
hole sample value compositing,
1 Geochemical contouring from the
surface database.
6 Practical examination 1 Evaluation of students.
Reference Books:
1. Craig, J.R and Vaughan, D.J., 1981. Ore Microscopy and Ore petrography. John Wiley &sons.
2. Reedman, J H. Techniques in Mineral Exploration: 1979. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK.
Other References:
1. Picot, P. and Johon, Z., 1982. Atlas of Ore minerals. B.R.G.M. Publ. Elsevier, Paris.
2. Peters, W.C. Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); 1987. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Ramdohr, P. 1980. The ore minerals and their intergrowths, 2nd edn. Oxford, Pergamon press.
4. Sharma, N L and Agarwal Y K. Tables for Mineral Identification.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DP10 GLC516 Coal Geology Practical 0 0 2 2
Course Objective
The primary objective of the coal geology practical course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal and
their types and reserve estimation. To develop capability to differentiate various types of lithotypes, cleats
and macerals.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Distinguish between different types coal based on physical, chemical and petographic and other properties.
Estimation of coal reserve
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Megascopic identification:Megascopic identification of
different varieties of coal
2 Megascopic identification of various
types of coal
2 Lithotypes: Identification of lithotypes, lithotype logging
and cleat attributes
2 Various types of lithotypes, lithotype
logging and cleat identification
3 Seam Formation Curves: Preparation of Seam Formation
Curves
1 Seam formation, curve preparation and
their interpretation
4
Identification of macerals: Identification of macerals and
minerals under transmitted light; Identification of macerals
and minerals under reflected light; Reflectance
measurements and rank determination of coal.
4 Identification of macerals and minerals
under microscope
5 Coal Reserve: Estimation of coal Reserve and quality 1 Estimation of coal reserve
6
Coding of coal characters: Coding and decoding of coal
characters following International Coal classification
1 Coding and decoding of coal characters
following International Coal
classification
Page 51 of 60
7 Location of coalfields: Location of coalfields on
geographical maps and comments about quality of coal.
1
8 Practical examination 1
Reference Books:
1. Taylor, G.H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, R., Robert, P., 1998. Org. Petrol.
GerbrüderBorntraeger, Berlin.16, 704.
Page 52 of 60
Semester X
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE3 GLD 540 Geomorphology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and applied aspects of Geomorphology such as origin,
evolution, maintenance and destruction of landforms, their link with tectonics and climate and their applications in
flood control, landslides, transport engineering and others.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Geomorphology as an important earth process that links landform development with climate, tectonics,
sedimentary deposits, igneous activity and extra-terrestrial events
Quantitatively analyse landforms and landscapes
Application of geomorphology in Engineering and environmental problems.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Introduction to Geomorphology 2 Understand the overview of
Geomorphology
2. Methods of Geomorphic investigations 2 Knowledge on the methods on
landscape analysis
3. Physical, Chemical and Biological processes in weathering
5 Understand the controls on
weathering of rocks
4. Structural and lithological controls on landforms and
drainage patterns
4 Understand the controls on
landform and drainage
development
5. Depositional and Erosional landforms: Fluvial, Aeolian,
Glacial and Marine
11 Understand the development of
geomorphic landforms
6. Morphometric analysis of landforms 6 Apply the concepts of geomorphic
studies in engineering and
environmental
problems
7. Impact of climate on geomorphology 3 Climatic impact of landforms.
8. Applications of Geomorphology in environmental and
engineering problems
3 Evaluate geomorphic signatures for
recent and ongoing crustal
movements
9. Neotectonics and geomorphology 3 Neotectonic and its impact on
landforms
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Geomorphology W.D. Thornbury, Wiley Eastern Limited
2. Geomorphology Arthur H. Bloom, Prentice hall of India
Other References:
1. Structural Geomorphology J. Tricart , Longman Publishers
2. Geomorphology from the Earth Karl W. Butzer, Harper International
3. Glacial and Fluvioglacial Landforms R.J. Price, Longman Publishers
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE3 GLD541 Geochemical Analytical Techniques 3 0 0 9
Page 53 of 60
Course Objective
In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of various analytical
techniques foe generating geochemical and isotope data from geological material.
Learning Outcomes
Understand the methods of dissolution, dilution and analysis of different types of chemical elements.
Learn about different kinds of analysis
Learn about various methods of sample preparation
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1 Introduction to geochemical analyses of rocks, minerals,
ores, coal and environmental material.
2 Understand the methods of
dissolution, dilution and analysis
of different types of chemical
elements.
2 Classification of geochemical analyses 2 Learn about different kinds of
analysis
3 Sample preparation methods of whole-rock, minerals and
water analyses and isotopic analyses (Destructive and non-
destructive methods) and geochemical standards.
6
Learn about various methods of
sample preparation
4 Classical methods; Flame and Ultra-Violet & Infra-Red
Spectrophotometer; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer;
and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer.
8
Learn about instruments which use
dissolved samples for analysis
5 Introduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),
Cathodo- Luminescence (CL), Thermo- Luminescence
(TL), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Florescence
Spectrometry (XRF), Electron Probe Micro Analyser
(EPMA) Ion Probe; Mass Spectrometry, Liquid
Chromatography and Gas Chromatography, Neutron
activation analyses (INAA), Gamma-ray spectroscopy.
SHRIMP and SIMS techniques for U-Pb dating
15
Learn about instruments which use
samples in a solid form for analysis
without undergoing dissolution.
6 Data Processing and Presentation. 6 Processing and interpretation of
data being generated after analysis
Reference Books:
1. Potts P.J. (1987) A handbook of silicate rock analysis; Blackie
Other References:
1. Albarède F. (2003) Geochemistry An Introduction; Cambridge University Press.
2. Faure G. (1986) Principles of Isotope Geology; John Wiley and sons 2nd Eds.
3. Faure G. (1991) Principles and Applications of Inorganic Geochemistry; Macmillan Publishing
Company.
4. Hoefs EJ. (1996) Stable Isotope Geochemistry: Springer,4thEds.
5. Mason B, Moore CB. (1991) PrinciplesofGeochemistry: Willey eastern Ltd,4th Eds.
6. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating: Cambridge University Press, 1st edition
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE4 GLD 543 Computer Applications in Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of computer and programming and usefulness
in the field of geology.
Page 54 of 60
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Use efficiently the computer to solve geological problems.
Write small computer codes in different computer languages to address data compilation and analysis.
Will be conversant with different commercial software to solve real time geological problems.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. General Introduction to computers and programming, Flow
chart, control of programming 4 General aspects of computer and
programming
2. Database - definition, structure, and types; Geological
database. 7 Meaning of database and its types
3. Computer Graphics, Construction of geological maps and
sections during AutoCAD and Coreldraw 9 Use of different computer
graphical software’s for
geoscience application
4. Elementary concepts on Knowledge Based Expert System,
Decision Support System, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic and
Genetic Algorithm
10 Knowledge based Expert system
5. Use of Software Packages in Geology 9 Application of some dedicated
geological software’s
Reference Books:
Learning Python: Powerful Object-Oriented Programming
1. Programming Pearls by Jon Bentley
2. Pro SQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and Implementation 1st ed. Edition by Louis
Davidson, Kevin Kline, Scott Klein, Kurt Windisch
Other references:
3. Essentials of MATLAB Programming by Stephen J. Chapman
4. Engineering and Scientific Computations Using MATLAB by Sergey E. Lyshevski
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
DE4 GLD 544 Kinematics of Rock Deformation 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for techniques of stress and strain analysis in
rocks.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Measure rock deformation in nature
Understand the evolution of different structures Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Stress: Definition, units, classification, stress ellipsoid,
stresses at a point, stress on a plane, Mohr circle construction
and stress trajectory. Applications for basin analysis and
slope stability studies.
7
Understanding the fundamental
concepts of stress and its analysis
for a point and
a plane with applications
2. Strain: Definition, strain parameters, classification, strain
ellipsoid and theory of deformation in two and three
dimensions. Applications in basin analysis
7 Understanding the fundamental
concepts of strain and its
applications
3. Strain Analysis: Measurement of deformation in nature,
graphical representation by Flinn, Ramsay, Hossack and
Mohr diagrams, progressive deformation, deformation paths
and significance of geological structures.
7 Develop the skills of quantitative
strain analysis
Page 55 of 60
4. Experimental Deformation and Rheology: Behaviour of
rocks under experimental conditions. Effects of confining
pressure, pore fluid pressure, anisotropy, temperature and
scale on rock deformation.
6 Understand the material properties
of rocks and its behavior under
pressure and
temperature
5. Development of Structures - I: Mechanisms of folding, and
strain variations around folds. Development of secondary
cleavage and lineations.
7
Understand the mechanism of
development of ductile structures
like folds
6. Development of Structures - II: Development ofrock
fractures. Conditions of fault development. Deformation
mechanisms.
5 Understand the mechanism of
development of brittle structures
like faults and
fractures
Reference Books:
1. Ghosh, S.K. (1993) Structural Geology. Pergamon Press.
2. Means, W.D. (1976) Stress and Strain. Springer-Verlag.
Other References: 1. Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J. (1996). Microtectonics, Springer.
2. Ramsay, J.G. (1967) Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw-Hill.
3. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I. (1983). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol. 1. Academic
Press.
4. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I. (1987). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol. 2. Academic
Press.
5. Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M. (1992) Structural Geology. W.H. Freeman & Company.
6. Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press
7. Van der Pluijm, B.A. & Marshak, S. (2004). Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and
Tectonics (2nd Edition). WW Norton & Company.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
OE4 GLO545 Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Geology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The students will learn about the various isotopic systematics that are applicable to geological studies.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand:
Learn about the fundamentals of radioactivity and its application to geological studies
Learn about different isotopic systematics as applied to geology
Learn mass spectrometric techniques and understand how isotopes are used for petrogenetic studies
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Nucleosynthesis, Radioactivity and radioactive decay,
Growth and decay mechanisms (α β γ decay); Decay units
and dosage. Neutron activation.
5 The fundamentals radioactive decay
2. Mass spectrometry. Geochronology: Dating methods: K-Ar
and Ar-Ar methods, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf methods, Re-
Os method.
5 Mass spectrometry and
geochronology using common
radiometric dating methods
3. U-Pb and Pb-Pb methods, Fission track; U-Series
Disequilibrium. 4 Application of isotope systematics
for petrogenetic studies
4. Application of Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes in petrogenetic
studies. 4 Fractionation of stable isotopes and
their vast applications in multiple
fields of Earth sciences as well as
applications of O and H isotope
studies in climate studies
5. Cosmogenic Radionuclides and their applications in
geological studies. 4 Applications of C isotopes for
geological problems
6. Stable isotopes: Fractionation mechanisms, Oxygen and
hydrogen in hydrosphere and atmosphere. Oxygen/hydrogen
isotopes in igneous, metamorphic & sedimentary rocks.
5 Applications of S isotopes for
geological problems
Page 56 of 60
7. Carbon and its stable isotopes in biosphere, fossil fuels,
igneous and metamorphic rocks. 4 Different methods of detecting and
measuring radioactivity
8. Sulphur isotopes, Fractionation mechanisms, Non-
traditional stable isotope geochemistry. 4
9. Applications of stable isotopes in climate studies, ore genesis
and petrogenesis. Non-traditional stable isotopes and their
applications in geological studies.
4
Reference Books:
1. Faure, G. (1977). Principles of Isotope Geology. Wiley, 464 pp.
2. Faure, G. and Mensing, T.M. (2009). Isotopes Principles and Applications. Wiley, 896 pp.
Other References:
1. Dickin, A.P. (2005). Radiogenic Isotope Geology. Cambridge University Press, 492 pp.
2. Allègre, C.J. (2008). Isotope Geology. Cambridge University Press, 512 pp.
3. Hoefs, J. (2015). Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer, 389 pp.
4. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating. Cambridge University Press, 1st edition
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
GLO545 Elements of Rock Engineering 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and advanced aspects of rock engineering
through engineering geological investigations.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the engineering properties of rocks and their behaviour during excavations in mining and rock
engineering project.
2. Carry out geo-engineering design for both surface and sub-surface structures.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Introduction: Objective, scope and problems of rock
engineering.
3 Introduce to theoretical and practical
aspects of rock engineering.
2. Physico-mechanical properties of rock: Physico-
mechanical properties of rock, Laboratory tests for
various physical and mechanical properties, Field
shear test, Deformability tests in rock mass, Hardness
and abrasiveness.
6 Understand the physico-mechanical
properties of rock.
3. Engineering rock mass Classification: Engineering
classification of intact rock and rock masses, Rock
mass classifications in support design.
6 Concept of engineering rock mass
classification.
4. State of stress and failure criteria of rockmass:
Concept of Stress and strain, Failure criteria for rock
and rock masses, Mohr-Coulomb Criterion, Hoek-
Brown Criterion; Insitu stress, Various methods of
stress measurement, Hydrofracturing technique, Flat
jack technique, Overcoring technique.
6 Understand the stress and failure
criteria of rockmass.
5. Strength of discontinuities: Strength and
deformability of jointed rock mass, Shear strength of
rock joints, Dynamic shear strength of rock joints,
6 Know about strength and
deformability of jointed rock mass.
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Deformability of rock joints, Joint wall roughness
coefficient, Joint wall compressive strength, Normal
and shear stiffness of rock joints, Fracture toughness,
Thermal and hydraulic properties of rock .
6. Slope engineering: Modes of slope failure; Planar,
wedge, topping and circular failures analyses,
monitoring of slope movements, stabilization of rock
slopes.
6 Concept of mechanism of slope
failure.
7. Numerical methods: Numerical modeling of rocks and
rock masses, Application to tunnels, caverns and
slopes.
3 Learn about numerical methods and
its applications.
8. Applications: Foundation on rocks, Rapid landslide
hazard zonation, Improvement of rock mass
responses, Problems associated with deep
excavations (Mines, Tunnels, Underground
Chambers) and energy development (Petroleum,
Geothermal, Nuclear, Energy Storage Caverns),
Highway transport system.
3 Applications of rock engineering.
Text Books:
1. Jaeger, J.C; Cook, N.G.W. and Zimmerman,R, Fourth Edition, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,
Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
2. Goodman, R.E., Introduction to Rock Mechanics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
Reference Books:
1. Hudson, J.A. et al. (Ed.), Comprehensive Rock Mechanics, in 5 volumes, Pergamon Press, 1993.
2. Ramamurthy,T., Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundation and Tunnels, Prentice Hall India Pvt.
Ltd.,2014.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
GPO503 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Geosciences 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and advanced aspects of Artificial intelligence
and machine learning for geo-record analysis and processing.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Practical knowledge on AI and ML for time/space series data analysis.
2. Practical knowledge on automatic nonlinear classification, regression and prediction of geo-records.
3. Practical knowledge on application of AI and ML with deep network for big data processing.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Definition and application.
Definition of Machine Learning (ML). The relation
between AI and ML. ML classification algorithm:
7 Fundamental concepts on
Artificial Intelligence an
dMachine learning
Page 58 of 60
supervised, reinforcement and unsupervised
learning: Principal component analysis (PCA), K-
means, Decision Tree (DT), random forest (RF),
Logistic regression (LR), Self-organizing map (SOM).
2. Artificial neural networks: Introduction to artificial
neural networks (ANNs). Pre-processing and
dimension reduction techniques for time/space series
modeling/classification.
4 Artificial neural networks and
their applications
3. Transfer Function: Types of transfer function,
training, validation and test data set selection. Over-
fitting, role of regularization, Calibration of model,
cross-validation, early stopping techniques, bias-
variance dilemma.
7 Transfer functions, their types
and use
4. Optimization: ANNs optimization: local and global
techniques. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS).
Hybrid ML algorithm with ordinary kriging (OK), semi-
variogram modeling, singular spectrum analysis (SSA)
for de-noising, interpolation and missing value
prediction techniques.
7 Artificial Neural networks and
Neuro Fuzzy systems
5. 7 Probabilistic models for Artificial
neural networks
6. Probabilistic methods: Probabilistic inference,
Bayesian learning for artificial neural networks,
evidence maximization (EA), hybrid Monte Carlo
(HMC), Automatic relevance determination (ARD),
Gaussian process (GP), Support vector machines
(SVM).
7 Big data analysis
Recommended Books:
1. Bishop C M, (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford University Press.
2. Haykin, S. (1999). Neural networks – a comprehensive foundation (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Other References:
3. MacKay, D.J.C., (1992). A practical Bayesian framework for back-propagation networks.
Neural Comput, 4 (3), 448–472.
4. Poulton M, (2001) Computational Neural Networks for Geophysical Data Processing,
Pergamon, Oxford, U.K.
5. Van der Baan M, and Jutten C, (2000) Neural networks in geophysical applications,
Geophysics, 65: 1032–1047.
6. Wasserman, P.D. (1993) Advanced methods in neural computing. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, NY 10003
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
GLD592 Environmental Geotechnology 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
Page 59 of 60
The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the implications of environmental impacts of
geotechnical projects.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
To introduce the basic tenants of environmental geology, sources of pollutants from natural as well as anthropogenic
sources and their adverse impacts on the environments. The role of geologist in the remedial measures for
environmental contaminants and its safe disposal.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Introduction to Environmental Geotechnology 2 Acquaint themselves with
evaluation of environmental
impact.
2. Scope of Environmental Geology, Changes in the
environment caused by geological and anthropogenic
activities
3 Environmental management.
3. Engineering geological studies for environmental
evaluation and development
4 Waste disposal.
4. Environment issues related to Environmental aspects
of opencast mining projects with emphasis on impact
of mine dumps, environmental impact of engineering
projects.
6 Remediation.
5. Environmental aspects of water, Impact of unplanned
urbanization on groundwater regimes.
6 Groundwater pollution
6. Nuclear waste and disposal: Radiation and dangerous
radioactive products and half-life, natural and
anthropogenic sources; site selection for nuclear
waste disposal.
4 Radioactive pollution
7. Land reclamation and restoration 3 How to restore and reclaim
lands
8. Mass movements 6 Landslides and hazards
9. Environmental planning, management and economics
(EMP and EIA) and Preparation of Project Feasibility
Report
5 Environmental impact
assessment
Recommended Textbooks:
1. Reedman, JH.(1979) Techniques in Mineral Exploration, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK. 2. Peters, W.C.(1987) Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); John Wiley & Sons, new York.
Other References:
1. D R Caotes. (1981) Environmental Geology. 2. L Lindgren. (1986) Environmental Geology, Prentice Hall Publ. 3. K S Valdiya. (1987) Environmental Geology: Indian Context. Tata McGraw Hill Publ. 4. Carla W Montgomery (1989) Environmental Geology (II Edn.), Wm C Brown Publ. 5. Saxena M. M.(1996) Environmental analyses of water soil and air. 6. Reply, E. A. (1996) Environmental effects of mining.
Page 60 of 60
7. D Merrits, Dewet, A and Menking K.(1998) Environmental Geology, Freeman Publ. 8. Canter L. W. (1998) Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw Hill Publ.
Course
Type
Course
Code Name of Course L T P Credit
GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists 3 0 0 9
Course Objective
The students will appreciate and understand the indispensable mathematical tools as applied to geological
studies.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Learn about the basic mathematical concepts and their applications to geology
2. Learn about different statistical methods used for geological data analysis
3. Develop fundamental mathematical skills required for geological interpretation.
Unit
No. Topics to be Covered
Lecture
Hours Learning Outcome
1. Relationships between geological variables: Straight
line, Quadratic equations, Polynomial functions,
Negative and Fractional powers, Transcendental
functions
5 Basic mathematical applications
in geosciences
2. Manipulation of equations, Trigonometric functions,
Cartesian coordinates, Matrices
5 Equation manipulation
3. Vectors, Triangular diagrams, Graph theory, Polar
graphs, Projections
5 Vectors, Projections and
introduction to Graph Theory
4. Statistics and Data Analysis: Frequency distribution,
Histograms, Probability, Correlation coefficient,
Regression, Least squares method, Curve fitting, Error
estimation; Principal Component Analysis, Analysis of
Uni-variate and Multi-variate data
7 Applications of statistics to
geological problems
5. Probability distributions, Tests of Significance: Null
hypothesis, Normal test, t-test, Chi-squared test and
F-test; R environment
7 Various tests of significance
6. Applications of Differential Calculus for geological
problems
5 Applications of differential
calculus
7. Applications of Integral Calculus for geological
problems
5 Applications of integral calculus
Recommended Books:
1. David Waltham, 2000. Mathematics: A Simple Tool for Geologists, 2nd Edition, Blackwell
Science, 201p.
2. L.D. Knoring and V.N. Dech, 1993. Mathematics for Geologists, A.A. Balkema, 200p.
Other References: 1. John C. Davis, 2002. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Wiley, 656p.
D. Marsal and D.F. Merriam, 2014. Statistics for Geoscientists, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 176p