Course Structure and Syllabi for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED GEOLOGY

Course Structure and Syllabi for

5-Year Integrated M. Tech.

in

APPLIED GEOLOGY

Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)

Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand October 2021

Page 1 of 60

Course Structure for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech. Applied Geology Programme

Semester III

Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC1 GLC201 Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 0 0 9

DC2 GLC202 Physical and Structural Geology 3 0 0 9

DC3 GPC501 Solid Earth Geophysics 3 0 0 9

E/SO1 E/SO1 E/SO Course 3 0 0 9

E/SO2 MNE201 Introduction to Mining 3 0 0 9

DP1 GLC203 Crystallography and Optical Mineralogy Practical 0 0 2 2

DP2 GLC204 Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Total 15 0 4 49

Semester IV Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC4 GLC205 Introduction to Petrology 3 0 0 9

DC5 GLC206 Introduction to Stratigraphy and Paleontology 3 0 0 9

DC6 GLC207 Descriptive Mineralogy 3 0 0 9

DC7 GLC208 Economic Geology and Indian Mineral Deposits 3 0 0 9

E/SO3 E/SO3 E/SO Course 3 0 0 9

DP3 GLC209 Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2

DP4 GLC210 Economic Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

DC GLS211 Geological Field Training* 0 0 0 S/X

Total 15 0 4 49

*"Geological Field Training" of two weeks duration during winter vacation after III Semester with S/X Letter Credit counted in IV semester.

Semester V

Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC8 GLC502 Applied Geochemistry 3 0 0 9

DC9 GLC503 Methods of Structural Geology 3 0 0 9

DC10 GLC504 Micropaleontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology 3 0 0 9

HSS/MS HSS/MS Humanities/Management Studies 3 0 0 9

E/SO4 GPE202 Geophysical Prospecting 3 0 0 9

DP5 GLC506 Mineralogy and Geochemistry Practical 0 0 2 2

DP6 GLC507 Methods of Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

DP7 GLC508 Micropaleontology and Vertebrate Paleontology Practical 0 0 2 2

Total 15 0 6 51

Page 2 of 60


Semester VI Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC11 GLC509 Igneous Petrology 3 0 0 9

DC12 GLC510 Metamorphic Petrology 3 0 0 9

HSS/MS HSS/MS Humanities/Management Studies 3 0 0 9

DE1 DE1 DE Basket 1 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9

DE2/OE1 DE2 DE Basket 2 (Table 1) 3 0 0 9

DP8 GLC514 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2

DP9 GLC515 Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

DC GLS517 Sedimentary Field Training** 0 0 0 S/X

Total 15 0 4 49

**"Sedimentary Field Training” of two weeks duration during winter vacation after V Semester with S/X Letter Creditcounted in VI Semester.

Semester VII

Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC13 GLC519 Engineering Geology 3 0 0 9

DC14 GLC520 Hydrogeology 3 0 0 9


OE2 OE1 OE Basket 1 (Table 2) 3 0 0 9


DP10 GLC 525 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Practical 0 0 2 2

DP11 GLC 524 Principles and Applications of Geostatistics Practical 0 0 2 2

Total 15 0 4 49

Semester VIII Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

DC15 GLC526 Ore Geology 3 0 0 9

DC16 GLC513 Coal Geology 3 0 0 9


OE4 OE4 OE Basket 4 (Table 2) 3 0 0 9


DP12 GLC533 Ore Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

DP13 GLC516 Coal Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

DC GLS535 Structural and Economic Geology Field Training# 0 0 0 S/X

Total 15 0 4 49

#"Structural and Economic Geology Field Training" of two weeks duration during winter vacation after VII Semester with S/X Letter Credit counted in VIII Semester.

Page 3 of 60


Semester IX Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C

TU1 GLC536 Thesis Unit 1 0 0 0 9




Total 0 0 0 36

Semester X Course Type

Course Code

Course Name L T P C





Total 6 0 0 36

Page 4 of 60


Table 1 (Departmental Elective Basket)

Course Code

Course Name Basket Semester

GLC511 Applied Sedimentology DE1 VI

GLD575 Modern Instrumentation Methods in Exploration Geosciences

GLC512 Petroleum Geology DE2 VI

GPO503 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Geosciences

GLD521 Stratigraphy DE3 VII

GLD522 Coalbed Methane, Shale Gas and Gas Hydrate Exploration

GLC518 Principles and Applications of Geostatistics DE4 VII

GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists

GLD528 Geotechnical Engineering DE5 VIII

GLD531 Sequence Stratigraphy and Basin Analysis

GLD544 Kinematics of Rock Deformation DE6 VIII

GLD592 Environmental Geotechnology

GLD530 Geodynamics DE7

X GLD570 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

GLD540 Geomorphology DE8

GLD551 Elements of Rock Engineering

Table 2 (Open Elective Basket)

Course

Code Course Name Basket Semester

GLO523 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics OE1 VII

GLO532 Environmental Geology

GLO542 Remote Sensing and GIS OE2 VIII

GLO545 Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Geology

Page 5 of 60

Semester III

Course

Type

Course

Code Name of Course L T P Credit

DC1 GLC201 Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The student will learn the basics of crystallography and its application to optical mineralogy; X-Ray diffractometry

will also enable the students to understand the fundamental concepts of crystal structure, morphology and its

application to mineral sciences. Optical mineralogy part will help the student to understand microscopic techniques

applicable to mineralogical and petrographic studies.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Understand the fundamental of crystallography and mineralogy.

Appreciate the techniques in recognition and identification of mineral under thin section.

Learn XRD technique in mineral identification and use stereographic projection for plotting and understanding

crystal data.

Unit

No. Topics to be Covered

Lecture

Hours Learning Outcome

1

Crystallography: Elementary ideas about crystal structure

– faces, edges, solid angles, interfacial angles, Steno’s

rule, zones; External symmetry (symmetry operations in

two and three dimensions);

7

This unit will help the student in

understanding the basic concepts of

external symmetry and its elements

in crystal structure.

2

Miller indices, crystal forms, Crystallographic axes, axial

ratio, 32 crystal classes and classification in seven

systems, Bravais Lattice

7


learning the mathematical

expressions of crystal faces, forms,

zones and characteristic properties of

32 crystal classes in 7 crystal

systems

3

Spherical and stereographic projections; Crystal growth,

twinning and defects; X-Ray Diffraction and its

applications to crystallography

7


learning the concept and procedure

of representing crystallographic data

in stereo-net. Also, the student will

understand the fundamentals of

crystal growth, twinning, defects and

R-ray diffraction.

4 Mineralogy: Properties of Light, Petrographic

microscope; Uniaxial and biaxial indicatrix and minerals; 7


understanding the fundamental

properties of light that are related to

optical properties in minerals

5

Double refraction, Extinction angles, pleochroism,

birefringence of minerals and their relation with mineral

composition; Uniaxial and biaxial figures and optic sign

determination, Optical properties of common rock

forming silicate minerals. Dispersion.

5


understanding the variation in optical

properties in minerals, its reason and

application in identifying different

rock-forming minerals

6

Crystal Field theory, Molecular orbital theory, Molecular

band theory and Field theory; Pauling’s Rules, Chemical

Bonding, Coordination; Bowen’s reaction series, Silicate

structures; Common rock forming minerals

6

This unit will help the student to

understand the theoretical

background of crystal colour, which

has application in the gem industry.

Also, the students will learn solid-

chemistry basics of crystal structure

Text Books:

1. C. Klein & B. Dutrow. Manual of Mineral Science. CBS Publishers & Distributers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,

2012.

Page 6 of 60

2. W. D. Nesse. Introduction to Optical Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, 2004

Reference Books:

1. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi,

1990.

2. Bob B. He. Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2009.

3. Dexter Perkins. Mineralogy. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.

4. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 1: Theory and Technique. Blackwell, 1987.

5. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 2: Mineral Descriptions. Blackwell, 1987.

6. Christopher Hammond. The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction. Oxford University Press Inc.,

New York, 2009.

7. Ernest Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy: Theory and Technique. Vol. 1 & 2, Blackwell Scientific Publications,

1987.

Course

Type

Course


DC2 GLC202 Physical and Structural Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Through this Introduction to course, the students will get to know the different rocks types.

Learning Outcomes


Learn the fundamentals of Structural Geology

Understand geomorphic processes

Appreciate fundamentals of plate tectonics

Use of geological map and identification of geomorphic features

Unit


Lecture


1

Physical Geology: Evolution of the earth; Exogenous and

Endogenous Processes shaping the earth; Weathering,

Erosion, Transportation and Deposition

6

This will help the student to

understand what are the different

process operation on earth surface

and how they are constantly

changing

2

Geological work of running water, wind, glaciers, seas

and ground water; Diastrophism; Earthquakes and

volcanoes.

6

The topic will elaborate the activity

of different agents and their

contribution.

3

Structural Geology: Interpretation of topographic maps;

Attitude of planar and linear structures; Effects of

topography on outcrops.

6

This topic will give understanding

about topographic map,

identification of topographic features

and usage.

4 Unconformities, folds, faults and joints - their

nomenclature, classification and recognition. 9

Students will get fundamental ideas

about different structures in

structural geology.

5

Forms of igneous intrusions - dyke, sill and batholith.

Effects of folds and fractures on strata/ore bodies and

their importance in exploration activities.

6 It will give fundamental idea about

intrusive igneous structures.

6 Principles of stereographic projection. Introduction to

Plate Tectonics. 6

This topic will cover fundamental of

stereographic projection and plate

tectonics.

Text Books:

1. Hefferan, K. and O’Brien, J., 2010. Earth Materials, Wiley-Blackwell, Sussex; 670 p.

2. Van der Pluijm, B.A., Marshak, S., 2004. Earth Structure – An Introduction to Structural Geology and

Tectonics, W.W. Norton & Company, New York; 656 p.

Reference Books:

1. Jain, S., 2014. Fundamentals of Physical Geology, Springer, New Delhi; 494 p.

Page 7 of 60

2. Davis, G.H., Reynolds, S.J., 1996. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,

New York; 776 p.

3. Billings, M.P., 1987. Structural Geology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi; 514 p.

4. Lisle, R.J., 2004. Geological Structures and Maps, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford; 106 p.

Course

Type

Course


DC3 GPC501 Solid Earth Geophysics 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Comprehensive understanding of various physical properties of interior of the earth and plate tectonics. Students are

exposed to fundamental concepts of seismology and Radiometric dating techniques.

Learning Outcomes

This course module introduces basic concepts of plate tectonics and also provides comprehensive understanding of

internal structure of the earth.

Unit


Lecture


1. Interior of the Earth. Various Earth Surface features

and Topography. Modelling of Topography using

Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). Introduction to

geophysics, different branches of geophysics and

relationship with other sciences.

6 Helps to understand the internal

structure of the earth and various

morphological features on the

surface of the earth

2. Introduction and derivation of physical parameters,

like a) density, b) pressure, c) gravity, d) seismic

velocities, e) temperature, f) melting point, g) specific

heat at constant pressure (cp), h) volume coefficient of

thermal expansion, i) Gruneisen parameter, j) seismic

wave attenuation parameters. Variations of all these

parameters inside the earth.

10 It provides comprehensive

understanding of variation of

different physical and chemical

properties inside the earth.

3. Creep mechanisms in the earth. Viscoelastic model

under creeping inside the earth. Rigidity of the

lithosphere and its bending. Strength of rocks,

Strength envelop of continental and oceanic

lithosphere and its interpretation

5 It provides basic understanding

of deformation and flow of earth

materials from both the

continuum mechanics and the

microphysical viewpoints.

4. Introduction to Geoid and Spheroid. Derivation and

explanation of Geoid and Spheroid at different

locations of earth surface. Its significance to dynamics

of the earth.

3 Helps to understand the

theoretical determination of

Geoid, Geoid anomalies and its

applications on mantle dynamics

5. Age of the earth and various methods of its

determination. Geochronology: Radioactive decay;

Dating of rocks: Rubidium-Strontium, Uranium-

Lead, Thorium-Lead, Potassium-Argon, Argon-

Argon, Samarium-Neodymium; Age of the earth.

8 It emphasises on various

radiometric dating techniques

and their applicationsto

understand the complexities of

mantle processes and magmatic

evolution.

Page 8 of 60

6. Introduction to geomagnetism. Magnetic fields of

internal and external origin. Dipole field. Non-dipole

field. Secular variation of the dipole and non-dipole

fields. Virtual Geomagnetic poles and its derivation.

MAGSAT earth-orbiting satellite and the analysis of

acquired MAGSAT data.

5 It explains the natural magnetic

fields in and surrounding the

Earth and its temporal changes.

7. Onshore and offshore geophysics 2

Total Classes 39

Text books

Anderson, D., New Theory of the Earth, Cambridge University Press, 2007

Fowler, C.M.R., Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics, Cambridge University

Press, 2005.

Reference Books

Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.

Howell, B. F., An Introduction to Geophysics, Mc-Graw Hill

Jacobs, J. A., A Text Book of Geonomy, Adam-Hilger

Tucker, R. H., Cook, A. H., Iyer, H. M. and Stacey, F. D., Global Geophysics, English

Stacey F. and Davis P., Physics of the Earth, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Course

Type

Course Code Name of Course L T P Credit

E/SO1 GPE 201 Earth and Planetary System 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of Earth and Planetary system and its related

changes with time. This course will emphasize the knowledge on the branches of geophysics, solar system, planets,

climates, ocean, carbon cycle, and transitions of Earth’s structure through different geological ages. The underlying

physics of the various Earth and planets related changes and its creation are presented through theory classes.

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge on the history of Earth’s development, the solar system; climate and its changes; Earth’s interior; plate

tectonics; the physical property of ocean water; changes of ocean climates; global carbon cycle; depositional events

and environments with geological ages and glaciations are the goal of the.

Unit

No.

Topics to be Covered Lecture

Hours

Learning Outcome

1. Introduction to Geophysics, different branches of Geophysics and

relationship with other sciences

4 Presentation of

geophysics and its

branches

2. Solar System formation, meteorites, planet formation, Asteroid belt,

Nebula Hypothesis, Kepler’s Law, Bode’s law

4 Knowledge of the

solar system

Page 9 of 60

3. Isotopes and Minerals 2 Fundamentals of

minerals

4. Geomorphology and Geophysical Signature observed by various

missions

3 Study of comparative

planetology

5. Plate tectonics, physical geology systems explaining the interior of

the Earth

6 Study on Earth’s

tectonic system

6. Blackbody radiation, energy balance, greenhouse effect, climate

forcings, climate sensitivity, the role of sun/volcanoes/greenhouse

gasses/aerosols, climate feedbacks

4 Overview and

fundamental concept

on Earth’s climates

system

7. Structure and circulation of the atmosphere, Coriolis effect,

Geostrophic balance, Wind-driven circulation, Thermo-Haline

circulation, Upwelling, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Monsoons

5 Knowledge of ocean-

atmospheric

circulation

8. Carbon reservoir and fluxes, long-term carbon cycle and plate

tectonics, Volcanic outgassing and silicate weathering, glacial-

interglacial CO2 cycles, and role of the Ocean, the anthropogenic

perturbation, Keeling curve, Carbon uptake by Ocean and the

terrestrial biosphere

4 Fundamental study

on the global carbon

cycle

9. Major climate events and trends during the Cenozoic last 65 Million 4 Knowledge of

climate changes

during Cenozoic

10. Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum, Eocene climate optimum,

Antarctic glaciation, Northern Hemisphere glaciation, Plio-

Pleistocene Cooling

3 Glaciation and

physical property

changes of Earth

during different

geological age

Total Class 39

Text Book:

1. Fowler, C.M.R., Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics

2. Howell, B.F., An Introduction to Geophysics, Mc-Graw Hill

3. Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge University Press

Reference Book:

4. Jacobs, J.A., A Text Book of Geonomy, Adam-Hilger

5. Tucker, R.H., Cook, A.H., Iyer, H.M. and Stacey, F.D., Global Geophysics, English Univ. Press

6. Donald, L., Turcotte& Gerald Schubert : Geodynamics (Second Edition)

Course

Type

Course


DP1 GLC203 Crystallography and Mineralogy Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The student will learn the basics of crystallography and its applications to optical mineralogy; X-Ray Diffractometry

(XRD) will also enable the student to understand the fundamentals concepts in crystal structure, morphology and its

applications to mineral sciences. Optical Mineralogy part will help the student to understand microscopic techniques

applicable to mineralogical and petrographic studies.

Learning Outcomes


Understand the fundamentals of crystallography

Appreciate the techniques in recognition and identification of minerals under thin section

Page 10 of 60

Learn XRD technique in mineral identification and use stereographic projection for plotting and

understanding crystal data

Unit


Lecture


1 Study of crystal models of different classes. Miller indices

and zone axis calculations. 2

Recognition of different crystal

structures found in minerals. The

Laboratory models are of great use

in visualizing the crystal geometry of

the natural minerals.

2 Stereographic projections of some important crystal

classes, axial ratio calculations. 2

Understanding of crystal habits

based on stereographic projection

system.

3 Determination of cell parameters and d-spacing using

XRD data 2

Utility of XRD tool to identify the

minerals.

4 Physical properties of common rock-forming and ore-

forming minerals in hand specimen. 2

How different types of rocks are

identified based on their physical

properties.

5

Study of optical properties of minerals under petrological

microscope; Determination of optic sign of minerals;

Determination of 2V.

2

Students will learn the different

optical properties of minerals and

identification criteria of minerals.

6 Study of common rock-forming minerals in thin section. 2

To make the students understand to

identify the different rock types

using petrological microscope.

7 Practical Examination 1 To test the practical knowledge

gained during the semester.

Text Books:

1. C. Klein and B. Dutrow. Manual of Mineral Science. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi, 2012.

2. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 1: Theory and Technique. Blackwell, 1987.

Reference Books:

1. Ernest G. Ehlers. Optical Mineralogy, Vol. 2: Mineral Descriptions. Blackwell, 1987.

2. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi,

1990.

Course

Type

Course


DP2 GLC204 Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The student will learn the basics of map reading.

The student will learn to solve problems in Structural Geology.

Learning Outcomes


Learn about structural geological problems

Learn interpretation of geological maps

Learn projection of structural data in stereographic plots

Unit


Lecture


1 Interpretation of Topographic Maps ; Interpretation of

Geological Maps; Attitude and Cross sections 3 Basics about map reading.

2 Outcrop completion; One point problem and V – rule;

Three point problem 3

Students will learn interpretation of

different structural problems.

3 Unconformable beds; Folded beds; Faults and dykes; 3

To make the students understand and

interpret folds, faults and

unconformities.

Page 11 of 60

4 Stereographic projection; Planes and lines; Determination

of angles and Bisectrix 3

Stereographic projection of different

structures.



Text Books:

1. Lisle, R.J., 2004. Geological Structures and Maps, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford; 106 p.

2. Rowland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M., 2007. Structural Analysis and Synthesis – A

Laboratory Course in Structural Geology, Blackwell Publishing, Malden; 304 p.

Reference Books:

1. Van der Pluijm, B.A., Marshak, S., 2004. Earth Structure – An Introduction to Structural Geology and

Tectonics, W.W. Norton & Company, New York; 656 p.

2. Davis, G.H., Reynolds, S.J., 1996. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,

New York; 776 p.

3. Billings, M.P., 1987. Structural Geology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi; 514 p.

Page 12 of 60

Semester IV

Course

Type

Course


DC4 GLC205 Introduction to Petrology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Through this introductory course, the students will get to know the different rocks types and fundamentals of petrology.

Learning Outcomes


Learn about different rock types that make up the Earth

Understand the differences between igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks

Learn about textures of different rock types

Unit


Lecture


1

Igneous Petrology

Earth’s interior, Heat source in the Earth, Heat transfer,

Geothermal gradient; Properties of silicate melts;

nucleation and growth of crystals; equilibrium and

fractional crystallization

7


understand basic earth structure,

sources of heat and generation of

magma and its evolution.

2

Bowen’s reaction series, magmatic differentiation

processes; Variation diagrams and trace element

modeling; Texture, structure and classification of igneous

rocks

8

The topic covers the principles of

Bowens’s reaction series leading to

the development of different igneous

rock types, textural characteristics of

different igneous rocks and their

classification schemes.

3

Metamorphic Petrology

Definition, Limits of metamorphism; Agents of

metamorphism and changes; Types of metamorphism;

Types of protoliths; Metamorphic facies classification and

baric types

7

Deals with the different aspects of

metamorphism, facies variation and

classification metamorphic rocks at

different geological conditions.

4 Description of common metamorphic rock types (their

mineral assemblages and texture) 7

Covers the descriptive metamorphic

petrology and their mineralogical

variations.

5

Sedimentary Petrology

Sedimentation processes; Classification and description of

some common sedimentary rocks (Conglomerate,

Sandstone, Shale, Limestone); Sedimentary texture

10

It will give fundamental idea about

the process of sedimentation, sources

and depositional mechanism of

sedimentary rocks and their

classification schemes.

Text Books:

1. Best, M.G., 2003. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Publishing; 729 p.

2. Wilson, M., 2007. Igneous Petrogenesis – A Global Tectonic Approach, Springer, Dordrecht; 466 p.

Reference Books:

1. Winter, J.D., 2014. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, PHI Learning Private Limited,

Delhi; 702 p.

2. Philpotts, A.R., Ague, J.J., 2009. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Cambridge

University Press, New York; 684 p.

3. Sam Boggs, Jr., 2009. Petrology of Sedimentary Petrology, Cambridge University Press; 600 p.

Course

Type

Course


DC5 GLC206 Introduction to Stratigraphy and Paleontology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Page 13 of 60

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of stratigraphy and palaeontology. Also the

designed course will act as a bridge to complement both the subjects.

Learning Outcomes


Basics of stratigraphy

Historical development of stratigraphic units

Origin, evolution and phylum wise development of organism

Fossil as a tool to complement stratigraphy

Unit


Lecture


1

Introduction to Stratigraphy (Litho-, bio- and

chronostratigraphy), Stratigraphic units, Geological time

scale, stratigraphic breaks.

5


understand basic concepts of

startigraphic principles and units and

correlate the geological history.

2 Introduction to different periods of geologic time scale. 3

Basic concepts of geological time

scale and their determination

methods.

3 Kinds of fossils, process of fossilization, Elementary

ideas about origin of life, elementary ideas of evolution. 4

To make the student understand the

process of fossilization, evolution of

life from unicellular to multicellular

organisms.

4

Identification of fossils: methods of description and

illustration; Binomial nomenclature of organism,

Systematic classification of organisms – their characters.

3

Description and identification of

fossils based on their morphology

and their modification with time.

5

Morphology, environment and geological distribution of

brachiopoda, mollusca, echinodermata, arthropoda, and

anthozoa.

21 Distribution of different fossil

assemblages in geological history.

6 Introduction to Palynology and paleobotany; morphology

of typical Gondwana flora. 3

Deals with the fundamental concepts

of paynology and paleobotany.

Text Books:

1. Brookfield, M. E., 2004. Principles of Stratigraphy. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 1-340.

2. Dasgupta, A. (2005). An Introduction to Paleontology. World Press, Kolkata.

Reference Books:

1. Koutsoukos, E. A. M., 2005. Applied Stratigraphy. Springer, pp. 1-488.

2. International Commission on Stratigraphy (Website: http://www.stratigraphy.org/)

3. Moore, R. C., Lalicker, C. G., and A. G. Fischer (1997). Invertebrate fossils. CBS Publishers &

Distributors, New Delhi.

4. Roy, A. K. (2008). Fossils in Earth Sciences. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Jain, P. C., and Anantharaman, M. S. (2012). Paleontology: Evolution and animal distribution. Vishal

publishing Co., New Delhi.

6. Clarkson, E. N. K., (1983). Invertebrate paleontology and evolution. London.

7. Shrock,R.R and Twenhofel,W.H. 1987. Principles of Invertebrate Paleontology. McGraw Hill, New

York.

8. Laboratory Manual

Page 14 of 60

Course

Type

Course


DC6 GLC208 Economic Geology and Indian Mineral Deposits 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of origin, mode of occurrences and the

distribution of ore deposits to the students.

Learning Outcomes


Basic concepts of the processes of the formation of the ore deposits

Mode of occurrences of the different types of ore deposits in India and in various parts of the world

Spatio-temporal distribution of the different kinds of mineral deposits in India

Unit


Lecture


1

Introduction & Terminology: Syngenetic/epigenetic,

stratiform/stratabound ores, Hypogene and supergene

ores, ore and gangue minerals, grade and tenor

3

Basic terminologies for

understanding the ore genesis and

categorization.

2

Classification of ore deposits & Processes of Ore

mineralisation: Ores formed by Sedimentary process. BIF,

stratabound, stratiform types, polymetallic nodules.

Residual and mechanical concentration and supergene

processes

7

Different concepts of ore forming

processes in the global scale and

their geological significance.

3

Ores of igneous affiliations: Magmatic associations with

special types like ultramafic-mafic and felsic suites.

Different categories of magmatic ore deposits.

6

To understand the magmatic ores

and their geochemical, textural,

microstructural characteristics,

4

Ores formed by metamorphism. Metamorphism of ores

and associated rocks. Skarn type mineralisation.

Hydrothermal ore deposits. Vein type deposits; Lode gold

and hydrothermal base metal deposits.

5

Description of different mode of

occurrences of ores associated with

the hydrothermal systems and typical

characteristics.

5 Mode of occurrence and controls of ore deposition 5

To understand the controlling factors

such as structural elements and

lithology fof ore mineralization in

different terrains.

6 Temporal pattern and distribution of types of ores through

geologic time. 4

Understanding the distribution of

different ore deposits in relation to

geodynamic set up with respect to

the time.

7 Distribution and brief geological aspects of important

Indian metallic and non-metallic deposits. 9

It is focused on the whereabouts of

different ore deposits in India. This

will help in understanding the ores

and related industries in the area.

Text Books:

1. Economic mineral deposits, (by Jansen ML & Bateman AM; Eds: John Willey and Sons (1982)

2. An introduction to Economic Geology and its environment (by Anthony M. Evans; Eds: Blackwell

Science, (1997)

Reference Books:

3. Mineral resources of India (by D.K. Banerjee, 1998; Word Press Ltd, 2nd Eds).

4. Handbook of mineral exploration and ore petrology: Techniques and Applications. (by R.Dhanraju,

Publisher : Geological Society of India, Bangalore 2009)

Page 15 of 60

Course

Type


E/SO4 GPE 202 Geophysical Prospecting 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Comprehensive understanding of various geophysical techniques used in the exploration.

Learning Outcomes

This course module introduces data acquisition, processing and interpretation of different geophysical methods.

Unit


Lecture

Hours

Learning Outcome

1. Different geophysical exploration methods: its principles and

limitations; Basis for Gravity Exploration, Concept of Geoid and

International Gravity Formula; Densities of common rocks and

minerals. Gravimeters: Spring-mass system as basic gravimeters,

Principle of working of unstable Gravimeters, Zero length spring,

La-Coste-Romberg and Worden Gravimeters; Gravity data

reduction; Gravity effect due to the buried sphere, horizontal

cylinder, semi-infinite horizontal sheet

8 Introduction to the

different Geophysical

methods. Basic

understating of Earth

Gravity filed.

Understanding the

principles of different

Gravimeters. Basic

Gravity survey practices,

data processing

techniques and

interpretation procedures

2. Magnetic Susceptibility of Rocks and their ranges, elements

of Earth Magnetic Field; Magnetometers: Fluxgate and Proton

Precession Magnetometers. Diurnal Correction and overview of

other corrections; Magnetic effect due to isolated pole, vertical

dipole, horizontal dipole and dipping dipole

6 Fundamental knowledge

of the Earth Magnetic

field. Principles of

magnetic instruments,

Survey procedures, data

processing techniques

and interpretation

procedures

3. Origin of Self Potential (SP); Field procedure to conduct SP

survey, removal of bias from SP anomalies, common Minerals

showing SP anomalies; Interpretation of SP anomalies, SP for

groundwater, detection of Coal mine front.

5 Learning about the origin

of Self Potential field in

Earth, SP survey, data


and Interpretation

3. Resistivity of common rocks and minerals; True and apparent

resistivity; Electrode configuration: Schlumberger and Wenner;

Vertical Electrical sounding and interpretation of two layered

VES curves

6 Different filed

configurations of

Resistivity survey. Data


and interpretation

procedures

4. Generation and propagation of Seismic waves; Geometry of

refraction and reflection; Seismic energy sources; Geophone and

Hydrophone; Interpretation of Travel time curves for two layered

earth-horizontal and dipping interface; Various field procedure-

8 Basic knowledge of wave

propagation, Principles of

various seismic

Instruments. Different

seismic field

Page 16 of 60

profile basic concept and broad side shooting, fan shooting, end

on and split spread arrangements

configurations, data


and interpretation

procedures

5. Objective of well logging, Borehole environment, surface

logging setup; Sources of SP in wellbore, Archie’s law and

Darcy’s law.

4 Helps to understand the

Borehole environment

and basic logging tools.

Total: 39

Text books

1. Lowrie, W., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.

2. Kearey, P., Brooks, M., Hill, I., An introduction to geophysical exploration, Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.

Reference books

3. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E. and Keys, D.A., Applied Geophysics Cambridge University Press,

1990.

4. Dobrin, M.B. and Savit, C., Introduction of Geophysical Prospecting, McGraw-Hill, 1988.

5. Parasnis, D. S., Principles of Applied Geophysics, Chapman and Hall, 1979.

Course

Type


E/SO4 GPC 206 Geophysical Prospecting Practical 0 0 2 2

Unit


1 Apply diurnal correction to the given magnetic data

2 Reduction of Gravity and Magnetic data and preparation of anomaly map

effect due to sphere and cylinder

3 Interpretation of SP anomaly data

4 Interpretation of VES data over two layered earth

5 Travel time-distance curve for horizontal refractor

6 Travel time-distance curve for dipping reflector

7 Plot of Formation Factor vs. Porosity Calculation of formation water resistivity from SP Log

8 Calculation of Gravity effect due to sphere and cylinder

9 Calculation of Magnetic

Course

Type

Course


DP3 GLC209 Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The students will learn to identify rocks in hand specimen and thin sections.

Learning Outcomes

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/search?pq=%7Crelevance%7Cauthor%3APhilip+Kearey

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/search?pq=%7Crelevance%7Cauthor%3AMichael+Brooks

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/search?pq=%7Crelevance%7Cauthor%3AIan+Hill

Page 17 of 60


Learn identification of rocks in hand specimen

Learn igneous and metamorphic textures

Learn sedimentary textures

Unit


Lecture


1 Identification of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

rocks in hand specimen 3 Megascopic identification of natural

rock samples

2 Petrographic study of textures of igneous rocks 3 Understanding of textures of igneous

rocks.

3 Petrographic study of textures of metamorphic rocks 3 Understanding of textures of

metamorphic rocks.

4 Petrographic study of textures of sedimentary rocks 3 Understanding of textures of

sedimentary rocks.



Text Books:



Delhi; 702 p.

Reference Books:



2. Sam Boggs, Jr., 2009. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks, Cambridge University Press; 600 p.

Course

Type

Course


DP4 GLC210 Economic Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The students will learn to identify different metallic and non-metallic ores from their megascopic properties and apply

the knowledge to identify in the field.

Learning Outcomes


Learn identification of ore minerals in hand specimen

Identification of gangue constituents and associated minerals to understand the depositional.

Learn the Indian distribution and deposit types.

Unit


Lecture


1

Identification of non-metallic industrial ore minerals 5 Learn the identification of different

types of industrial minerals based on

their physical properties.

2

Identification of metallic ore minerals and associated

gangue constituents.

5 Learn the identification of different

types of metallic ore minerals based

on their physical properties.

3

Study of ore suite samples from different localities of India

and associations

3 Identification of different rock and

ore samples from different localities

in India and their stratigraphic

correlation.

4 Practical Examination 1 Evaluation of the practical

knowledge.

Total classes 13

Text Books:

1. Sharma, N L and Agarwal Y K. Tables for Mineral Identification.

Page 18 of 60

Reference Books:

2. Mineral Year Book, Indian Bureau of Mines.

3. Tiwari, S. K. (2019) Ore Geology, Economic Minerals and Mineral Economics.

Page 19 of 60

Semester V

Course

Type

Course


DC7 GLC207 Descriptive Mineralogy 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental understanding of mineral composition and their

occurrence in different rock.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to

Various aspects of crystal chemistry

Different types of silicates and their classification principles

Structure and property of common nesosilicate minerals

Structure and property of common phyllosilicate and framework silicate minerals

Structure and property of common sorosilicate, ring silicate and inosilicate (single chain) minerals.

Unit


Lecture


1 Basics of mineralogy: Definition, coordination number,

chemical bonding, Pauling’s rule 7

1. Various aspects of crystal

chemistry

2 Silicate Structure: Basis for classification of silicates with

example 2

2. Different types of silicates and

their classification principles

3

Silicate minerals: Composition, structure, paragenesis and

property of different silicate minerals Neso silicate –

Olivine, Zircon, Sphene, Garnet, Al2SiO5, Topaz,

Staurolite, Chloritoid their physical and optic properties.

8 3. Structure and property of common

nesosilicate minerals

4

Soro and ring silicates (Epidote, Beryl, Cordierite,

Tourmaline) Inosilicate (Single Chain) Pyroxene,

Wollastonite, Amphibole,

8

4. Structure and property of common

phyllosilicate and framework silicate

minerals

5

Phyllosilicates-Mica Group, Clay minerals, Framework

Silicate- Feldspar group, Silica Minerals, Nepheline

group, Scapolite, Zeolite group

8


sorosilicate, ring silicate and

inosilicate (single chain) minerals

6 Non silicate Minerals: Oxides, hydroxides, Sulphides,

Sulphates, Carbonate, Phosphate, Halides 4


non-silicate minerals

7 Introduction to equipments related to rock and mineral

analysis 2

7.Basic equipment required for

mineral identification and

characterization

Text Books:

1. William D. Nesse. Introduction to Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, 2000.

2. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman. An Introduction to Rock Forming Minerals. Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Pearson, 1992.

Reference Books:

1. Manual of Mineralogy (Revised) by Klein C., Hurlbut C. S. Jr., 1985, John Wiley & Sons.

2. W. H. Blackburn and W. H. Dennen. Principles of Mineralogy. Universal Book Stall, New Delhi, 1990.

3. Dexter Perkins. Mineralogy. PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.

Page 20 of 60

Course

Type

Course


DC8 GLC 502 Applied Geochemistry 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of geochemistry and brief

introduction in isotope geology.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will:

Distribution of various chemical elements in various units of the universe

Understand how atomic structure of a mineral controls the distribution of elements in rocks and minerals.

Classification of all type of elements in the periodic table according to their geochemical behaviour.

Principles of distribution of all type of elements in rocks and minerals and their application.

Geochemical behavior of water and Geochemistry of oceans

Application of geochemistry in petrogenesis of different types of rocks and mineral exploration.

Unit


Lecture


1

Origin and abundance of elements in the solar system and in

the Earth and its constituents. Geochemistry of atmosphere,

hydrosphere.

2

Distribution of various chemical

elements in various units of the

universe

2 Atomic structures and properties of elements in the periodic

table 2

Understand how atomic structure of

a mineral controls the distribution

of elements in rocks and minerals.

3 Geochemical classification of elements. Special properties of

LILE, HFSE and rear earth elements. 4

Classification of all type of

elements in the periodic table

according to their geochemical

behaviour.

4

Principles of ionic substitution in minerals; element

partitioning in mineral/rock formation and concept of simple

distribution coefficients and exchange reaction distribution

coefficients; element partitioning in mineral assemblages

and its use in the pressure-temperature estimation.

6

Principles of distribution of all type

of elements in rocks and minerals

and their application.

5

Chemistry of natural waters. Mineral stability in Eh-pH

diagram. Elemental mobility in surface environment.

Concept of agrochemical-biogeochemical cycling and global

climate.

5 Geochemical behaviour of water

6

Oceans and atmosphere: their compositions, evolution,

steady state, and global mass balance, rock-water interaction:

congruent and incongruent dissolution.

2 Geochemistry of oceans

7

Application of Geochemical (major, trace and REE) data: In

classification, determination of in tectonic environment and

petrogenesis of igneous rocks by using different types of

geochemical diagrams. Application of geochemical data in

Mineral exploration

4

Application of geochemistry in

petrogenesis of different types of

rocks and mineral exploration.

8

Introduction: Discovery of Radioactivity and isotopes as

well and its influence on Earth Sciences. Nuclide types, their

abundances, and atomic weights. Decay mechanisms of

radioactive atoms. Radioactive decay and growth.

3 Basic principles behind applications

of radioactivity in earth sciences

9

Basic principles of radiometric dating methods of Rocks:

Ar -Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb, Re-Os and Pb-Pb methods

of dating

6

Principles and application of

various types of isotope dating

methods

10 Stable isotope systematics: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and

Sulphur and their implication 3

Systematics of common stable

isotopes of some important

elements

Page 21 of 60

11

Application of stable isotope geology in palaeo-climate

interpretations, ore geology, mineral and hydrocarbon

exploration.

2

Application of principles of stable

isotopes of some important

elements

Text Books: 1. Albarède F. (2003) Geochemistry: An Introduction; Cambridge University Press.

2. Faure G. (1986) Principles of Isotope Geology; John Wiley and sons 2nd Eds.

Reference Books: 1. Faure G. (1991) Principles and Applications of Inorganic Geochemistry; Macmillan Publishing

Company.

2. Hoefs EJ. (1996) Stable Isotope Geochemistry: Springer,4thEds.

3. Mason B, Moore CB. (1991) Principles of Geochemistry: Willey eastern Ltd,4th Eds.

4. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating: Cambridge University Press, 1st edition

Course

Type

Course


DC9 GLC 503 Methods of Structural Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for different structural techniques used in

industry / exploration organisations.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

Apply different methods to determine subsurface structural geometry.

Interpret petrofabric diagrams.

Identify and interpret geometry of folds.

Analyse fractures and fracture controlled mineralisation.

Determine shear sense in shear zones and carry out analysis of thrust belts.

Analyse areas of extensional faults.

Unit


Lecture


1

Methods of Subsurface Structural mapping: Preparation

and interpretation of structure contour, isopach and

isochore maps. Stratigraphic sections and Fence diagrams.

Preparation of cross sections of folds - concentric-arc

method, kink-style construction, and dip-isogon method

6

Apply different methods to determine

subsurface structural geometry.

2

Tectonites: different types and their significance.

Petrofabric analysis. Relationship between deformation

and metamorphism and criteria for recognition. Relative

dating of orogenic belts

6 Interpret petrofabric diagrams.

3

Structural Analysis: Projection of fold geometry. Down-

plunge projection of folds. Interference patterns in

superposed folding and structural geometry in superposed

folding. Behavior of lineations in superposed deformations.

Use of foliations and lineations in tectonic analysis.

Different phases of analysis, analysis of slate belts with

simple and multiple deformations. Mapping in gneiss

terranes. Migmatite complexes, reworking of basement

rocks, mantled gneiss domes

12 Identify and interpret geometry of

folds.

4

Analysis of Fractures: Fractures and fracture types. Joint-

array Analysis and its significance. Fault-array Analysis.

Lineament-Array analysis and its significance for regional

exploration programme.

6 Analyse fractures and fracture

controlled mineralisation.

5 Analysis of Shear Zones: different types, Shear zone

rocks, Shear sense indictors. Concept of thrust belt

6 Determine shear sense in shear zones

and carry out analysis of thrust belts.

Page 22 of 60

geometry. Balanced cross-sections of thrust-belts.

Applications of balanced cross-sections

6

Analysis of areas of growth faulting: Structural

characters, mechanisms of development, associated

structures, and determination of depth to detachment.

3 Analyse areas of extensional faults.

7 Salt Domes and impact structures 3 Identify and interpret salt diapirs and

impact structures

Reference Books:

1. Badgley, PC (1965) Structural Methods for the Exploration Geologist. Oxford Book Company, Calcutta.

2. Davis, GH and Reynolds, SJ (1996) Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions (2nd Ed.). John Wiley &

Sons.

Other References:

1. Ghosh, SK (1993) Structural Geology. Pergamon Press.

2. Groshong, RH, Jr. (2006). 3-D Structural Geology:A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and

Subsurface Map Interpretation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

3. Marshak, S and Mitra, G (1988) Basic Methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall.

4. Ramsay, JG and Huber, MI (1987). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Academic Press.

5. Roberts, J.L. (1982) Introduction to Geological Maps and Structures. Pergamon Press.

6. Roland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M. (2007) Structural Analysis and Synthesis.

Blackwell Publishing, Oxford

7. Tearpock and Bischke, R.E. (2003). Applied Subsurface Geological Mapping with Structural Methods

(Second Edition). Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 822p.

8. Twiss, RJ and Moores, EM (1992). Structural Geology. W. H. Freeman & Company.

9. Woodward, NB, Boyer, SE and Suppe, J (1989) Balanced Geological Cross-sections. Amer. Geophys.

Union.

Course

Type

Course


DC10 GLC 504 Micropalaeontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce students with kinds of microfossils, their separation, identification

and uses. This course is designed in such a way that students can use their knowledge for exploration, paleoclimate,

paleoceanography and paleogeographic study

Learning Outcomes


Brief idea about groups of microfossils, their separation and coring procedures.

Morphologic descriptions of microfossils groups will help to identify up to genus or species level.

This part considered applications of microfossils in terms of paleoceanography, paleoecology and

paleogeography, biostratigraphy, fossil fuel exploration.

Use of 13C and 18O for paleoclimatic and hydrocarbon exploration.

This part is dealing with general description of vertebrate groups.

Student will learn different dentition pattern, related food habit and stratigraphic use of dentition pattern.

.

Unit


Lecture


1

Introduction to various groups of microfossils with their

general stratigraphic distribution. Sampling and separation

techniques of microfossils from different types of

sedimentary rocks. International coding system of core

samples

5 Brief idea about groups of

microfossils, their separation and

coring procedures.

2

Morphology and Ecology of Foraminifera, Ostracod and

Nannoplankton

5 Morphologic descriptions of

microfossils groups will help to

identify up to genus or species level.

3

Application of micropaleontology in fossil fuel exploration

and paleoclimate: Biostratigraphy, productivity index,

aeration in marine water, palaeodepth and marine

8 This part considered applications of

microfossils in terms of

paleoceanography, paleoecology and

Page 23 of 60

transgression & regression, palaeolatitude, bacterial

degradation of organic carbon, sedimentation rate.

paleogeography, biostratigraphy,

fossil fuel exploration.

4

Stable isotopes of microfossils. Use of microfossils: case

studies

5 Use of 13C and 18O for

paleoclimatic and hydrocarbon

exploration.

5

Origin of vertebrates and their general evolutionary

patterns,

Classification and characteristic features of vertebrates

(Agnathans, Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and

Mammalia), General skeletal pattern with its different

components in vertebrates

5 This part is dealing with general

description of vertebrate groups.

6

Dentition patterns, variation in molar teeth and its

implication

3 Student will learn different dentition

pattern, related food habit and

stratigraphic use of dentition pattern.

7

Adaptation, evolution and phyllogeny of: Equids,

Proboscids and Hominids

6 Knowledge will be imparted in

respect to adaptation and evaluation

of horse, elephant and man.

8 Dinosaurs and their extinction. 2 A brief description of dinosaur and

how they disappeared from earth.

Reference Books:

1. Saraswati, P. K., and Srinivasan, M. S. (2016). Micropaleontology: Principles and Applications. Fourth

edition: Springer, Switzerland, pp. 223.

2. Armstrong, H., and Brasier, M., (2005). Microfossils (2nd Edition). Blackwell Publishing, USA, pp. 296.

Other References:

3. Haq, B. U., and Boersma, A., (1998). Introduction to marine micropaleontology (2nd Edition). Elsevier,

Amsterdam, pp. 376.

4. Benton, M., (2005). Vertebrate paleontology. Blackwell, pp. 472.

5. Carroll, R. L., 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman, pp. 698.

6. Romer, A., Vertebrate paleontology (3rd Edition). University of Chicago Press, pp. 687.

Course

Type

Course


DC11 GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The students will appreciate and understand the indispensable mathematical tools as applied to geological studies.

Learning Outcomes

The student will gain demonstrable ability to

Learn about the basic mathematical concepts and their applications to geology

Learn about different statistical methods used for geological data analysis

Develop fundamental mathematical skills required for geological interpretation

Unit


Lecture


1

Relationships between geological variables: Straight line,

Quadratic equations, Polynomial functions, Negative and

Fractional powers, Transcendental functions

5 Understand relationships between

geological variables

2

Manipulation of equations, Trigonometric functions,

Cartesian coordinates, Matrices

5 Understand mathematical equations

and functions that are applicable for

appreciating geological problems

3 Vectors, Triangular diagrams, Graph theory, Polar graphs,

Projections

5 Treat geological data in suitable

variation diagrams and projections

4

Statistics and Data Analysis: Frequency distribution,

Histograms, Probability, Correlation coefficient,

Regression, Least squares method, Curve fitting, Error

estimation; Principal Component Analysis, Analysis of

Uni-variate and Multi-variate data

7 Understand the fundamentals

applications of statistics in treatment

of geological data

Page 24 of 60

5

Probability distributions, Tests of Significance: Null

hypothesis, Normal test, t-test, Chi-squared test and F-test;

R environment

7 Understand probability distribution,

different tests of significance and

application of R-environment tests of

significance for data handling

6

Applications of Differential Calculus for geological

problems

5 Understand and apply differential

calculus for addressing geological

problems

7

Applications of Integral Calculus for geological problems 5 Understand and apply integral

calculus for addressing geological

problems

Reference Books:

1. David Waltham, 2000. Mathematics: A Simple Tool for Geologists, 2nd Edition, Blackwell Science, 201p.

2. L.D. Knoring and V.N. Dech, 1993. Mathematics for Geologists, A.A. Balkema, 200p

Other References:

1. John C. Davis, 2002. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Wiley, 656p.

2. D. Marsal and D.F. Merriam, 2014. Statistics for Geoscientists, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 176p

Course

Type

Course


DP5 GLC506 Mineralogy and Geochemistry Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to train students in identifying common rock forming minerals.

Learning Outcomes


Physical identification common rock-forming silicate minerals in hand specimen

Physical identification common rock-forming accessory minerals in hand specimen

Preparation of sample different types of sample solution by geochemical analysis

Wet chemistry for determination elemental concentrations in rocks

How to represent geochemical data

Unit

No. Topics to be Covered Lecture


Mineralogy

1

Sub-heading in bold letters (or theme): brief

listing/description of topics/sub-themes to be covered in

each unit

2

Identification of minerals: Common silicate minerals and

their characteristic property under microscope- Olivine,

Orthopyroxene, Clinopyroxene, Amphibole group, Mica

Groups, Feldspar Group, Quartz

4 Physical identification common rock-

forming silicate minerals in hand

specimen

3

Identification of minerals: Common accessory minerals

and other important minerals Silicate Structure

characteristic property under microscope- Sphene, Zircon,

Monazite, Epidote, Scapolite, Staurolite, Al2SiO5

polymorphs, Tourmaline etc.

2 Physical identification common rock-

forming accessory minerals in hand

specimen

4 Geochemistry

5

Sample preparation methods (Destructive and non-

destructive), A- solution and B- Solution preparation

2 Preparation of sample different types

of sample solution by geochemical

analysis.

6 Wet chemical analyses and titrimetric analyses of major

and some trace elements

2 Wet chemistry for determination

elemental concentrations in rocks

7 Data presentation and associated problems. 2 How to represent geochemical data

8 Practical examination 1

Page 25 of 60

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Mineralogy by William D. N., 2000, Oxford University Press.

2. Potts P.J. (1987) A handbook of silicate rock analysis; Blackie

Other References:

3. Manual of Mineralogy (Revised) by Klein C., Hurlbut C. S. Jr., 1985, John Wiley & Sons

4. Rollinson H.R. (1993) Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation; Prentice Hall

publication.

Course

Type

Course


DP6 GLC507 Methods of Structural Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to provide practical tools for different structural techniques used in industry /

exploration organisations.

Learning Outcomes


Learn about Structural Geological problems

Learn interpretation of geological maps

Learn projection of structural data in stereographic plots

Unit



1

Subsurface Mapping: Preparation and interpretation of

fence diagram, structure contour, and isopach / isochore

maps

2 Determine structural geometry and

interpret the geometry in soft-rock

areas.

2

Structural analysis: Construction of profiles of cylindrical

folds, analysis of areas of superposed folding.

7 Determine structural geometry and

interpret the geometry in hard-rock

areas.

3 Analysis of areas with faults: Depth to detachment,

Balanced cross-section, Restoration of section

2 Identify the suitable sites for detailed

exploration in areas of faulting.

4 Lineament and fracture Analysis 1 Analyse and interpret lineaments and

fractures.


Reference Books:

1. Marshak, S and Mitra, G (1988) Basic Methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall.

2. Richard H. Groshong, Jr. (2006). 3-D Structural Geology: A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface and

Subsurface Map Interpretation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Other References:

1. Roland, S.M., Duebendorfer, E.M. and Schiefelbein, I.M. (2007) Structural Analysis and Synthesis.

Blackwell Publishing, Oxford

Course

Type

Course


DP7 GLC508 Micropalaeontology and Vertebrate Palaeontology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce students with benthic foraminifera (up to generic level) and planktic

foraminifera (up to species level), few aspects of population counts of foraminifera. Also students will be introduced

with available molar teeth fossils of vertebrates.

Learning Outcomes


Identify benthic (with their depth, food and oxygen preference) and planktic groups with biostratigraphic

ages.

Apply census count for understanding paleo-events

Identify teeth with food pattern and animal forms.

Page 26 of 60

Unit



1

Morphology, identification and systematics of some

benthic foraminifera (Based on depth preference and

physical properties of marine water).

5 Identification of different kind of

benthic foraminifera based on their

morphology. Also, knowledge will be

imparted regarding their ecological

preferences based on their morphology.

2

Morphology, identification and systematics of some

Planktic foraminifera.

5 Identification of different kind of

planktic foraminifera along with their

stratigraphic distribution.

3

Study of some molar teeth of mammals 2 Practical observation of different molar

tooth of kinds of elephant, horses etc.

with their stratigraphic distribution

Analyse and interpret lineaments and

fractures.

4 Practical examination 1 Assessment of the practical problems.

Reference Books:

1. Holbourn, A., Henderson, A. S., and MacLeod, N., (2013)-Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera.-Wiley-

Blackwell, pp. 642.

2. Loeblich, A. R., and Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification (Vol. 1 and 2). Van

Nostrand Reinhold, USA, pp. 970 and plates 847.

Other References:

1. Practical hand books as available in laboratory.

Semester VI

Course

Type

Course


DC12 GLC509 Igneous Petrology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

This a core course of geology and will help the student learn in detail the different igneous rocks, the petrogenetic

processes and tectonic environments for their emplacement.

Learning Outcomes

The student will gain demonstrable ability to :

Learn about the magmatic differentiation processes

Understand the diversity of igneous rocks and the variety of tectonic environments for their emplacement

Understand the petrogenesis of igneous rocks

Unit



1

Classification of igneous rocks. IUGS classification.

Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Origin and

evolution of magmas.

7 Classification principles of igneous

rocks; textural and structural aspects

of igneous rocks and origin and

evolution of magmas

2

Compositional variation in magmas. Crystallization of

magma and their representations in phase diagrams (binary

system and ternary diagrams).

5 The process of magma crystallization

and their explanation by phase

diagrams

3

Influence of volatiles and role of oxygen fugacities in

magmatic crystallizations. Assimilation Fractional

Crystallization AFC) processes. Nature and type of partial

melting in the mantle. Magmatic differentiation and

fractionation models.

7 Various chemical parameters

controlling magma crystallization,

fractional crystallization and partial

melting

Page 27 of 60

4

Representation of chemical analysis of igneous rocks.

Major and Trace element systematics in igneous rocks.

Silica/alumina saturation, variation diagrams, their

applications and limitations.

5 Various chemigraphic characteristics

of igneous rocks

5

Granites and their origin, I-, S-, A- type granites.

Pegmatites, their nature, occurrence and petrogenesis.

Alkaline rocks and their origin. Anorthosites and their

petrogenesis.

5 Different types of granites and their

chemical characteristics and origin

6

Lamprophyres and their petrography and origin. Ultramafic

and layered rocks, nature and origin. Carbonatites,

Petrography and their petrogenesis. Kimberlites and their

origin.

5 Different types of igneous rocks

(except granites) and their origin

7

Lunar rocks. Magmatism in relation to plate tectonics.

Petrographic and chemical characteristics of igneous rocks

in the following tectonic settings: Mid Oceanic Ridge,

Island Arcs, Oceanic plateaus, Continental Margins,

Continental Rifts and Continental intraplates.

5 Igneous features in Lunar rocks

Reference Books:

1. McBirney, A.R., 1993. Igneous Petrology, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston 508 p.

2. Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D., Pankhurst, R.J., 1993. The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, Chapman and Hall,

London; 450 p.

Other References:




3. Wilson, M., 2007. Igneous Petrogenesis – A Global Tectonic Approach, Springer, Dordrecht; 466 p.

4. Gill, R., 2010. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford; 428 p.


Delhi; 702 p.

Course

Type

Course


DC13 GLC510 Metamorphic Petrology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental understanding of process, reaction, mineral assemblage

formed in different protoliths during metamorphism. Constructing and being able to understand different graphical

representation used in metamorphic petrology. Relation between tectonics and metamorphism.

Learning Outcomes


Process and control of physico-chemical and compositional control on metamorphism of rocks.

Application of thermodynamics on stability of minerals during metamorphism.

Evaluating P-T-t path from textural relation and geothermobarometry.

Relating tectonic setting with metamorphism.

Unit



1 Basics of metamorphism: Definition, agent of

metamorphism, types of metamorphism.

2 Agent and types of metamorphism

2

Structure and texture of metamorphism: Processes

involved during metamorphic texture formation, Texture

formed during different types of metamorphism,

5 Structural and textural features of

metamorphic rocks

3 Rock Nomenclature: Classification of metamorphic rocks

depending on texture and composition

2 Classification principles of igneous

rocks

4

Thermodynamics: Definition of thermodynamic

parameters, phase rule, First, second and third law, Gibb’s

6 Fundamental concepts of

thermodynamics and

geothermobarometry

Page 28 of 60

free energy, chemical potential, activity, Equilibrium

Constant, Geothermobarometry

5

P-T-t path: different types of P-T-t path, derivation of P-

T-t information using textural relation and

geothermobarometry.

2 Principle behind P-T-t path

derivation and their interpretation

6

Stable mineral assemblage in metamorphic rocks: close

system and open system, application of phase rule in such

systems.

3 Close vs open system in

metamorphic rocks and application

of phase rule

7

Chemographic projections: ACF, AFM, AKFM, CMS

diagram

Compatible diagram, Schrienmaker’s rule

petrogenetic grid and pseudo section

3 Different types of chemigraphic

projection for representation of

metamorphic assemblages

8 Metamorphic reactions: Different types of reaction in

metamorphism and the process

3 Different types of metamorphic

reactions

9

Metamorphism of rocks with different

protoliths:pelitic, mafic, ultramafic and calcareous rock

metamorphism, development of characteristic mineral

assemblage during metamorphism depending on protolith.

9 Metamorphic rocks of different

protolith

10 Metasomatism: metamorphic fluids, mass transport and

minerals developed during metasomatism

2 What is metasomatism

11

Relationship with tectonics: Description of typical

metamorphic assemblage/facies in relation to different

tectonic setup

2 Link between metamorphism and

tectonics

Reference Books:

1. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John D. Winter., 2009, by Prentice Hall.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Myron G. Best, 2002, by Wiley, John & Sons

Other References:

1. Metamorphic Petrology, by Francis J. Turner, 1980, by Taylor & Francis Inc

Course

Type

Course


DC14 GLC511 Applied Sedimentology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology.

Learning Outcomes


Identify and study various types sedimentary rocks in field and under microscope

Can understand the difference between various types of sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, shale,

conglomerates and carbonates

Understand various types of sedimentary structures and their geological significance

Understand various types of sedimentary depositional environments and their importance for hydrocarbon

systems, ore deposits and groundwater accumulation

Unit



1

Nature and origin of sedimentary rocks, its significance,

composition and classification. Earth surface processes,

Sediment transport in different systems.

2 Process of formation of various types of

sedimentary rocks

2

Texture of sediments: Particle size of detrital rocks,

definition, measurement, size parameters, grain size

distribution and causal factors, grain size distributions and

environmental analysis, Sphericity and roundness, packing

and fabric, porosity and permeability. Mathematical

treatment of grain size data

6 Texture of sedimentary rocks and its

geological significance

3 Sedimentary structures and their genetic significance and

importance in rock record, Biogenic structures.

6 Sedimentary structures and their its


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Page 29 of 60

4

Palaeocurrent analysis: Vector properties and

palaeocurrent, scalar properties and palaeocurrent,

presentation and interpretation of palaeocurrent data.

2 Principles and applications of

palaeocurrent data in sedimentary

rocks

5

Petrology of important clastic (Sandstone, shale,

conglomerateand breccia) and non-clastic (Carbonates)

rock groups.

3 Understand the difference between

various types of sedimentary rocks

such as sandstones, shale,

conglomerates and carbonates

6 Provenance studies: Methodology and significance,

paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental analysis.

3 To understand the provenance of

sediments

7

Classification of environments, Environmental parameters,

Sedimentary Facies Analysis; Its importance in

paleoenvironmental reconstruction,

7 Understand various types of

sedimentarydepositionalenvironments

and their importance for hydrocarbon

systems, ore deposits and groundwater

accumulation

8 Tectonic control of sedimentation. Evolution of

sedimentary basins.

2 Effect of tectonism on sedimentary

rocks

9 Diagenesis; changes in mineralogy, fabric and chemistry:

Mudstones, sandstones, carbonate rocks.

6 Effect of diagenesis on sedimentary

rocks

10 Cyclic sediments: Seismic and sequence stratigraphy. 4 An introduction to sequence

stratigraphy and its importance

Reference Books:

1. Emery, D., and K.J. Myers, 1996: Sequence stratigraphy; Oxford, Blackwell Science,297 pp.

2. Reading, H.G., 1978: Sedimentary Environment and Facies, Elsevier, 557pp

Other References:

1. Reineek, H.E. and Singh, I.B., 1973: Depositional Sedimentary Environment, Springer-Verlag, 439pp.

2. Sengupta, S.M., 2007: Introduction to Sedimentology, CBS publisher, 314pp.

3. Selley, R.C., 2000: Applied Sedimentology, Academic Press, 523pp.

4. Tucker, M.E., 2001: Sedimentary Petrology, Blackwell Publishing, 251pp.

5. Pettijohn E.J.; Sedimentary Petrology – CBS Publishers & Distributors

Course

Type

Course


DC15 GLC512 Petroleum Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce the students with the geochemical, origin and accumulation

aspects of hydrocarbons. Depositional environment of sediments, their stratigraphic positions, exploration using

microfossils also included in this course for better understanding. Also student will gain knowledge about some

hydrocarbon fields in India.

Learning Outcomes


Brief idea about the hydrocarbon system.

Chemical and physical properties of hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon basins in India

Support of microfossils for hydrocarbon exploration.

Unit



1

Petroleum: its different states of natural occurrence. Basic

concepts of organic geochemistry. Origin of petroleum,

Geochemistry and maturation of kerogen; Biogenic and

Thermal effect. Distribution of Petroleum in space and

time.

8 To know about the Chemical and

physical properties of hydrocarbons

2

Petrographic and geochemical methods of Oil Exploration:

Petrographic: Microscopic organic analysis, Thermal

Alteration Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, Geochemical:

8 To Understand the occurrence, origin

and generation of petroleum.

Formation of Kerogen and how

Page 30 of 60

Combustion methods (Carbon ratio and Total Organic

Carbon), Stable isotope method, Time Temperature Index

(TTI), Arrhenius equation, Lopatin’s method, Concept of

cooking time, Level of Organic Metamorphism (LOM) and

Rock Eval Pyrolysis method

hydrocarbon generates through

kerogen maturation.To track various

levels of kerogen/organic matter

maturation and to use this in

hydrocarbon exploration by different

petrographic and geochemical

methods.

3

Introduction to migration of oil and gas: geologic

framework of migration; short and long distance migration,

primary and secondary migration; geologic factors

controlling hydrocarbon migration; forces responsible for

migration, migration routes and barriers.

5 Understand various aspects of

hydrocarbon migration from source

rock to reservoir rocks.

4

Oil field water- characters and classifications 2 Understand composition and

characteristic of oil field/formation

water and its use in hydrocarbon

exploration.

5

Reservoir rocks: general attributes and petrophysical

properties. Classification of reservoir rocks - Clastic and

Carbonate reservoirs. A brief account on Reservoir

Characterization. Blowout problem.

6 Understand various aspects of reservoir

rocks

6

Hydrocarbon traps: definition; classification of

hydrocarbon traps - structural, stratigraphic and

combination; time of trap formation and time of

hydrocarbon accumulation. Cap rocks - definition and

general properties.

6 Understand principle of hydrocarbon

traps and its various types.

7 Petroleum Geology of important Indian basins (offshore

and onshore).

2 Understand the Proliferous basins of

India

8

Introduction to oil and gas exploration with reserve

estimation

2 Understand various methods of

hydrocarbon exploration and reserve

estimation.

Reference Books:

1. Tissot, B. P., and Welte, D. H., Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer-Verlag, Germany.

2. North F. K., Petroleum Geology. Allen & Unwin Inc., London.

Other References:

1. Selley, R. C.,Elements of Petroleum Geology. Academic Press, USA.

2. Selly, R. C. and Sonnenberg, S. A., Elements of Petroleum Geology, Elsiver-Academic Press

3. Slatt, R. M., Stratigraphic Reservoir Characterization for Petroleum Geologists, Geophysicists, and

Engineers. Elsevier, Hungary.

Course

Type

Course


DP8 GLC514 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

1. The student will learn to solve problems in igneous petrogenesis and also learn to identify igneous rocks under thin

section.

2. The primary objective of the course is also to train students in identifying different metamorphic texture and using

that information to build up the geological history of the rock.

Learning Outcomes


Learn petrographic identification of igneous rocks and texture

Understand the petrogenesis of igneous rocks using different numerical solutions for solving problems in

igneous petrogenesis

Explaining reasons for development of specific texture in the rock.

Understand effect of composition and physical condition on occurrence of metamorphic mineral.

Building up geological history of a rock by integration of information gathered from microstructures.

Page 31 of 60

Unit



1 Exercises on Crystal Fractionation and Partial Melting of

Igneous Rock Suites.

2 Crystal fractionation and partial

melting process

2 Exercises on the construction and interpretation of Spider

diagrams of N-type MORBs, E-type MORBs, OIBs etc.

2 Construction and interpretation of

spider diagrams

3 Thin Section study of acid, basic and ultramafic rocks;

Textures of Igneous Rocks.

2 Thin section identification properties

of igneous rocks and their textures

4

Texture: Identification of metamorphic textures under

microscope in different rock composition of different

metamorphic grade. Texture which will be covered are-

Foliation (I phyllite schist, gneiss), mineral layering,

Pressure Shadow, Pre, Syn, Post Kinematic porphyroblast,

Granoblastis texture, Crenulation Cleavage, Sympletitic

texture, Coronae texture

4 Thin section identification properties

of metamorphic rocks and their

textures

Schrienemakers Method, ternary Diagram-ACF, AKF,

A(K)FM

2 Structure and property of common

sorosilicate, ring silicate and

inosilicate (single chain) minerals

Construction of chemigraphic

projections

Practical examination 1

Reference Books:

1. Gill, R., 2010. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford; 428 p

2. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John D. Winter., 2009, by Prentice Hall.

3. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Myron G. Best, 2002, by Wiley, John & Sons

Other References:

1. Cox, K.G., Bell, J.D., Pankhurst, R.J., 1993. The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks, Chapman and Hall,

London; 450 p.



3. Metamorphic Petrology, by Francis J. Turner, 1980, by Taylor & Francis Inc

Course

Type

Course


DP9 GLC515 Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology through

practical exercises

Learning Outcomes


Analysis and interpretation of grain size data.

Identify and study various types sedimentary rocks in hand specimens and understand the difference between

various types of sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and carbonates under microscope

Analysis and Interpretation of palaeocurrent data

Identify and delineate various types of structures in order to locate suitable hydrocarbon prospective zones

from maps and bore hole data.

Analysis and interpretation of rock eval pyrolysis data for hydrocarbon exploration.

Unit



1

Representation of grain size distribution data; Plotting of

cumulative distribution curves, Determination of different

statistical parameters Interpretation of sedimentary

environments.

1 Analysis and interpretation of grain

size data.

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Page 32 of 60

2

Observation of common siliciclastic, carbonate rocks and

heavy minerals under thin section.

4 Identify and study various types

sedimentary rocks in hand specimens

and understand the difference between

various types of sedimentary rocks

such as sandstones and carbonates

under microscope

3 Analysis and interpretation of Palaeocurrent data 1 Analysis and Interpretation of

palaeocurrent data

4

Interpretation of geologic structures from surface

geological maps and borehole data; reconstruction of

structural developments through different time planes.

2 Identify and delineate various types of

structures in order to locate suitable

hydrocarbon prospective zones from

maps and bore hole data.

5

Preparation of structure contour and isopach maps of

reservoir facies and drawing oil/water contact from

borehole data.

2 Analysis and interpretation of rock eval

pyrolysis data for hydrocarbon

exploration.

6

Interpretation of Rock Eval pyrolysis data for study of

geochemical methods of hydrocarbon exploration

1 Understand various types of

sedimentary structures in hand

specimens of sketches and their


7 Hydrocarbon Reserve Estimation 1


Reference Books:

1. Emery, D., and K.J. Myers, 1996: Sequence stratigraphy; Oxford, Blackwell Science, 297 pp.

2. Reading, H.G., 1978: Sedimentary Environment and Facies, Elsevier, 557pp

Other References:

1. Reineek, H.E. and Singh, I.B., 1973: Depositional Sedimentary Environment, Springer-Verlag, 439pp.

2. Sengupta, S.M., 2007: Introduction to Sedimentology, CBS publisher, 314pp.

3. Selley, R.C., 2000: Applied Sedimentology, Academic Press, 523pp.

4. Tucker, M.E., 2001: Sedimentary Petrology, Blackwell Publishing, 251pp.

5. Pettijohn E.J.; Sedimentary Petrology – CBS Publishers & Distributors

Semester VII

Course

Type

Course


DC17 GLC518 Principles and Applications Geostatistics 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the principles of Geostatistics for exploration and

evaluation

Learning Outcomes


Understand the utilisation of classical statistical tools and tests as applicable in exploration and evaluation;

Apply concepts and principles of geostatistics for characterisation of deposits.

Carry out Spatial data analysis;

Kriging and Simulation.

Unit



1

Statistical Concepts of Universe, Population, Sampling Unit

and Sample; Concept of Random Variable; Probability

distributions: Discrete and Continuous distribution;

Characterization of continuous distribution; Theoretical

models of probability distributions, viz. Normal and

Lognormal – their properties, characteristics and probability

8 Understanding of Mineral Deposit

Statistics and tests of hypothesis as

applicable in exploration and

evaluation;

Page 33 of 60

calculations; Techniques of Normal and Lognormal model

fit (graphical and numerical) Tests of Significance (t, F and

Chi-squared goodness of fit tests).

2

Geostatistical concepts and theories; Regionalized

Variables; Random Function; Schools of geostatistical

thoughts; Why Geostatistics; Stationarity and intrinsic

hypotheses; Exploratory data analysis.

5 Familiarization of concepts and

theories of Geostatistics

3

Semi-variogram: definition and properties; Relationship

with covariogram; Characteristics of Experimental semi-

variogram; calculation of semi-variograms in 1-, 2-, and 3-

dimensions; mathematical models of semi-variogram;

Practical difficulties associated with semi-variography, viz.

spatial anisotropy, non-stationarity and proportional

effect, regularization, nugget effect, and presence of trend.

7 Carrying out Spatial Data Analysis;

4

Extension, Estimation and Dispersion variances:

definitions, formulation and methods of calculation.

Kriging : Introduction and definition; Linear kriging –

ordinary and simple kriging; solving kriging system of

equations for point and block; Properties of kriging;

Influence of nugget effect on kriging weights; Shadow

effect and Screen effect. Negative kriging weights- causes

and remedies; Techniques of semi-variogram model fit, viz.

Hand fit, Least square fit, and Point Kriging Cross-

Validation.

9 Understanding and calculation of

estimation variance; Introduction and

solving of Kriging systems of

equations; and semi-variogram model

fitting;

5

Introductory capsule on other types of kriging. Practice of

kriging: geostatistical evaluation of mineral deposit,

mineral inventory, grade-tonnagerelationships, role of

kriging variance in optimization of exploration drilling,

misclassified tonnages, and geostatistical grade control.

7 Practice and applications of Kriging;

6 Introduction to geostatistical conditional simulation.

Simulated Annealing Simulation.

3 Introduction to geostatistical

conditional simulation

Reference Books:

1. Chiles, J.P. and Delfiner, P. (1999) Geostatistics - Modelling Spatial Uncertainty, John Wiley and

Sons, New York, 695 p.

2. Clark, I. (1979) Practical Geostatistics, Elsevier Applied Science Publ. London, 151 p.

Other References:

1. David, M. (1977) Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co. Amsterdam,

364 p.

2. David, M. (1988) Handbook of Applied Advanced Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier,

Amsterdam, 216p.

3. Davis, J.C. (1986) Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New

York, 646 p.

4. Gandhi, S.M. and Sarkar, B.C. (2016) Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation, Elsevier,

USA, 410 p.

5. Goovaerts, P. (1997) Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford,

483p.

6. Isaaks, E.H. and Srivastava, R. M. (1989) An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford

University Press, 561 p.

7. Journel, A. G. and Huijbregts, C. J. (1978) Mining Geostatistics, Academic Press, London, 600 p.

8. Kitanidis, P.K. (1997) Introduction to Geostatistics-Applications in Hydrogeology, Cambridge Univ.

Press, 249 p.

9. Olea, R.A. (1999) Geostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists, Kluwer Academic Publ.,

Dordrecht, 303p.

10. Rendu, J.M. (1981) An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation, SAIMM

Monograph, Johannesburg, 84p.

11. Sinclair, A.J. and Blackwell, G.H. (2002) Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation, Cambridge Univ.

Press, 378 p.

12. Wellmer, F. W. (1998) Statistical Evaluation in Exploration for Mineral Deposits, Springer,

Hannover, 379 p.

Page 34 of 60

Course

Type

Course


DC18 GLC519 Engineering Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The student will gained knowledge for developments of engineering geological projects and geotechnical mitigation

measures of natural hazards.

Learning Outcomes


Classify various geological strata for their engineering use.

Apply various techniques for development of various types engineering structures.

Determine expected loads and design and evaluate the capacity of support systems

Unit



1

Advances inEngineering geology: Introduction,

definition, development of subject, and significance and

geotechnical ground

1 Concept, development history and

types of geological strata

2 Geological strata: rocks, rock material, rock mass, and

geomechanical classification of rock mass

3 Categorization of rock strata

3 Construction materials: definition, types of stones,

parameters, testing, cement-aggregates reactions.

3 Construction materials and their

specification

4 Dams: definition, elements, and classification. 2 Elements and types of dams.

5

Geotechnical investigation for dam and reservoir sites:

geotechnical parameters, dam foundation, preparation and

treatments.

3 Geotechnical condition, preparation

and treatments of dam foundation

structures

6 Geotechnical stability of dams: Forces acting on dam,

parameters, causes of failure.

3 Various forces acting on dam and its

stability condition.

7 Methods of anchoring of strata: grouting, grout, and

classification of grouting

3 About grouting and related aspects.

8 Tunnels: definition: elements, parameters, and

classification, geotechnical investigation.

2 Elements and types of tunnel, and

geotechnical investigation.

9 Methods of tunnelling: Old methods, and modern

methods.

2 Different methods of tunnel

development.

10

Ground reaction and support system: types of ground,

rock load, parameters and support system and

strengthening of strata

4 concept of rock loads and details of

support system.

11

Roads and Highways : introduction, classification of

roads, types of pavements, geotechnical investigation and

methods of construction

3 Parts and types of roads and

investigation for roads

12

Bridges and buildings: elements of bridge, types of

bridge, and types of building foundation and geotechnical

investigation

2 Components and types of bridge and

building foundation and necessary

geotechnical investigations.

13 Mass movements and slope stability: landslide, mines

bench and dump.

3 Various types of slope stability

problems

14

Earthquakes and seismicity: elements of earthquake,

measurements, classification, seismic zones of India,

impacts, and design, Induced seismicity and reservoir

induce seismicity.

3 About types and measurements

earthquakes, their impact, seismic

zones of India.

15

Shoreline geotechnics : geotechnical condition of ground,

problems, design and mitigation measures

2 Geotechnical condition and stability

problems of shore lines & control

measures

Reference Books:

1. Rahm, P.H (1985). Engineering Geology. An Environmental Approach, Elsevier, XI, pp.1-589

2. Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W. (1986). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. 2nd Ed, John Wiley and Sons.

Other References:

Page 35 of 60

1. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.

Course

Type

Course


DC19 GLC520 Hydrogeology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts and principles of occurrence, movement and quality of

groundwater, focussing on quantitative analysis.

Learning Outcomes


Assess the role of water in Earth’s climate

Distinguish between confined & unconfined aquifers

Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater flow and geological material interpretation;

Use pump test data for groundwater flow applications.

Develop skills in approaching complex problems involving flow and storage of groundwater

Gain knowledge on sustainable development of groundwater resources.

Unit



1

Introduction to Hydrogeology: Water on Earth; Types of

water; Distribution of water; Role of water in Earth’s

climate; Hydrological cycle and its components

2 Introduction to Hydrogeology: Get

introduced to key hydrologic processes

2

Occurrence of Groundwater:Water-bearing properties of

rocks — porosity, intrinsic permeability, specific yield and

specific retention; Vertical distribution of water; Zone of

aeration and zone of saturation; Classification of rocks

according to their water-bearing properties; Aquifers;

Classification of aquifers; quantitative assessment of

aquifer properties; Concepts of drainage basins and

groundwater basins; Basics of vadose zone hydrology.

10 Occurrence of Groundwater: Get to

know how water is stored in the

subsurface and its distribution with

depth

3

Aquifer Characteristics: Aquifer parameters:

transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and storage

coefficient; Determination of permeability in laboratory;

Concept of heterogeneity and anisotropy; Characteristic

differences between confined and unconfined aquifers;

Water table and piezometric surface; Fluctuations of water

table and piezometric surface; Water table contour maps;

Hydrographs; Hydrostratigraphic units.

6 Aquifer Characteristics: Understand

the fundamental properties of sub-

surface storage and their key controls.

4

Principles of Groundwater Movement: Hydrostatic

pressure; Fluid potential; Energy in groundwater;

Hydraulic head; Theory of groundwater flow; Darcy's law

and its applications; Specific discharge; Limitations of

Darcy’s Law; Reynolds Number; Governing equation for

flow through porous medium; Steady and non-steady state

flow - Initial and boundary Conditions; Solution of flow

equations; Dupuit’s Assumption; Boussinesq Equation;

Streamlines and flownet analysis; Groundwater flow

patterns, Groundwater-Surface water interactions;

Determination of flow direction

12 Principles of Groundwater Movement:

Understand the factors driving the

movement of water

5

Well Hydraulics:Flow through aquifers: 2-D groundwater

flow equations; Flow in steady and non-steady state

conditions; Evaluation of aquifer parameters of confined,

semi-confined and unconfined aquifers - Thiem, Theis and

Jacob methods; numerical problems on pumping test.

5 Well Hydraulics: Get to know how

water flows in the saturated subsurface

in different dimensions

6 Groundwater Quality: Physical and chemical properties

of water; chemical reactions; Quality criteria for different

2 Groundwater quality: Will know how

to assess the quality and suitability of

Page 36 of 60

uses; Graphical presentation of groundwater quality data;

Saline water intrusion (Ghyben-Herzberg relation)

groundwater and the sources of

contamination

7

Management of Groundwater: Over-exploitation of

groundwater; Groundwater problems in urban/rural

settings; Climate change impact on ground water resources;

Groundwater potential mapping; Rainwater harvesting and

managed aquifer recharge; Conjunctive use of surface and

groundwater; Groundwater governance.

2 Management of groundwater: Get to

know the major issues related to

groundwater availability, utilization

and management

Reference Books:

1. Groundwater Hydrology by D. K. Todd and L. W. Mays, 3rd Edition, 2011, Wiley India.

2. Applied Hydrogeology by C. W. Fetter, 4th Edition, 2014, Pearson New International.

Other References:

1. Groundwater by H. M. Raghunath, 3rd Edition, 2007, New Age International Publishers.

2. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology by P. A. Domenico and F. W. Shcwartz, 2nd Edition, 1997, Wiley.

3. Elements of Physical Hydrology by G. M. Hornberger, J. P. Raffensperger, P. L. Wiberg and K. N.

Eshleman, 1st Edition, 1998, The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Course

Type

Course


DE1 GLD 521 Course Name: Stratigraphy 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The student will get to learn in detail the Indian stratigraphy.

Learning Outcomes

Learn the fundamentals of stratigraphic correlation and about the Geologic Time Scale

Understand the different stratigraphic groups and formations of India

Learn about the significance of Indian Stratigraphy for understanding the evolution of continents over

geologic time

Unit


Lecture


1. Principles of stratigraphic correlation. Stratigraphic code of

nomenclature. Geologic Time Scale.

7 The fundamentals and principles of

stratigraphic correlation and

comprehend geologic time scale

2. Precambrian belts of India (South India, Central India,

Rajasthan, Eastern Ghat, Singhbhum-Orissa): Age

correlations, metamorphism, tectonics and evolution.

Archean-Proterozoic boundary problem in India. Concept of

Precambrian supercontinents.

7 The tectonic and stratigraphic

evolution of Precambrian terrains

in India

3. Important Proterozoic basins of Peninsular India:

Sedimentation, correlation and evolution. Stratigraphic

Boundary Status: Precambrian-Cambrian, Permo-Triassic,

Cretaceous- Tertiary, Neogene-Quaternary.

7 The sedimentary history and

evolution of Phanerozoic

geological strata distributed in

various parts of India

4. Phanerozoics of Extra Peninsula: Spiti, Kashmir and Salt

Range. Stratigraphy, tectonics, and basin evolution of

Gondwana sedimentary units; Intracontinental and

intercontinental correlations between Gondwana

successions.

7 The evolution of Gondwana basins

in India

5. Evolution and stratigraphy of Indian Coastlines: Marine

Mesozoics of coastal India viz. Cretaceous of Trichinopalli

and Jurassic of Kutch. Traps: Deccan, Rajmahal, Sylhet and

Rajahmundry Traps and their correlations.

6 The Mesozoic stratigraphy and the

development of coastlines in India

6. Tertiary formations of Kutch and Assam–Arakan geological

provinces. Lithostratigraphy of different sedimentary cycles

vis-à-vis major geologic and tectonic events of the

Himalayas. Lithostratigraphy of Siwalik Sediments.

5 The Cenozoic stratigraphy and the

geologic and tectonic processes that

led to the evolution of the

Himalayas.

Page 37 of 60

Reference Books:

1. M.A. Murphy and A. Salvador, International Stratigraphic Guide — An abridged version. International

Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification of IUGS International Commission on Stratigraphy,

Episodes, 1999, 255 – 272.

2. R. Vaidyanadhan and M. Ramakrishnan, Geology of India. Geological Society of India, Bangalore, 2010,

Vol. 1 & 2, 997p.

Other References:

1. Ravindra Kumar. Fundamentals of Historical Geology and Stratigraphy of India. New Age International

(P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, 1996, 254p.

2. R.S. Sharma, Cratons and Fold Belts of India. Springer, 2009, 304p.

Course

Type

Course


DE1 GLD 522 Coal Bed Methane, Shale Gas and Gas hydrate 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal bed methane, shale gas and gas

hydrate such as origin, types, reservoir analysis and production to the students.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand

The origin, types, reservoir analysis and production of coal bed methane, shale gas and gas hydrates.

Geological exploration method for gas hydrate

Unit


Lecture


1. Coal bed methane and shale gas: generation and

accumulation; Micropore, Mesopore and macropore, cleat

system

5 Origin of coal bed methane (CBM)

and shale gas and various types of

pores

2. Sorption: principles, sorption isotherms – types and

interpretation. CO2, CH4 and N2 adsorption – desorption,

hysterisis, langmuir isotherm, Swelling and shrinkage of coal

matrix, isotherm construction

5 Sorption isotherm and preparation

of isotherm

3. CBM Reservoir analysis: CH4 content determination in

coal seams; Coal bed methane reservoir analysis

5 CBM reservoir analysis for

production

4. CBM Water: CBM Water production and disposal, injection

wells, carbon dioxide sequestration

3 CBM water production and

disposal

5. Coalbed Methane Basins: Potential Indian coalbed

methane basins and production, hydraulic fracturing of coal

seams; CBM exploration

7 Hydraulic fracturing and various

Indian CBM basins

6. UCG:In-situ gasification 2 Geological and petrographical

aspects of underground coal

gasification

7. Gas hydrate: Gas hydrate, occurrence and origin; structure

of gas hydrate, Types of gas hydrate

3 Origin and types of gas hydrate

8. Geological setting: Geological setting of Hydrate; Stability

of gas hydrates; Gas hydrate reservoir; Volume of gas in

hydrate; inhibitors

5 Geological setting of gas hydrate

9. Gas Hydrate Exploration: Geological exploration of gas

hydrate; Prospect and potentialities of gas hydrate in India

4 Geological exploration method for

gas hydrate

Reference Books:

1. Coalbed Methane and Coal Geology-Eds. R.Gayer and I. Harris, Geological Society, London 1996.

Page 38 of 60

2. Shale Gas: Exploration and Environmental and Economic Impacts,2017 AM Dayal and D.Mani (eds)

Elsevier.

Course

Type

Course


OE1 GLO 523 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to provide knowledge about fundamental aspects of atmosphere, ocean, land

and major issues related to variability and changes observed in the climate.

Learning Outcomes


Earth’s atmosphere, ocean and land as a system of systems.

General circulation and stability of atmosphere.

Atmosphere-ocean coupling, feedback effects and climate change.

Monsoon system in India and teleconnection.

About climate change indicators.

Unit


Lecture


1. Structure and chemical composition of the Earth’s

atmosphere, lapse rate and stability, convection, radiative-

convective equilibrium, pressure and geopotential height, air

masses, wind belts and greenhouse gases. Atmospheric

turbulence and boundary layer. Atmospheric circulation.

Cloud formation, precipitation processes and water balance.

Atmospheric pollution.

8 Understand about earth’s

atmosphere: chemical composition,

structure, circulation patterns and

major processes.

2. Hypsography of the continents and ocean floor. Physical and

chemical properties of seawater and their spatial variations.

Residence times. Ocean currents, waves and tides, ocean

eddy, stratification, Ekman pumping, important current

systems. Major water masses of the world’s oceans. Marine

Pollution. Harmful Algal Blooms.

7 Learn about oceans: seawater

characteristics and processes.

3. Air-sea fluxes, interactions and climate feedback. Insolation

and heat budget, radiation balance, Walker cell, general

circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. Motion of fluids,

waves in atmospheric and oceanic systems. Hurricanes and

Tornadoes, categories, scales and indexes.

8 Know waves in atmosphere and

ocean systems, air-sea interactions,

and climate feedbacks.

4. Weather and Climate. Classification of climates. Climate

Indicators and Indices. Climate variability. General weather

systems of India, - Monsoon system, tropical cyclone and jet

stream, Western disturbances and severe local convective

systems, distribution of precipitation over India.

8 Understand weather and climate,

climate variability and indices,

monsoon system in India and

teleconnection.

5. Climatic and sea level changes on different time scales. Sea

surface temperature. Global and regional oscillation pattern

and climate. Coupled ocean-atmosphere system, El Nino

Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Niño and La-Nina and

effect on monsoon systems, drought, and flood events.

Climate models, changes in cryosphere, global warming, and

climate change.

8 Major global and regional

oscillation patterns and their effects

on the rainfall and climate.

7. Tertiary formations of Kutch and Assam–Arakan geological

provinces. Lithostratigraphy of different sedimentary cycles

vis-à-vis major geologic and tectonic events of the

Himalayas. Lithostratigraphy of Siwalik Sediments.

5 The Cenozoic stratigraphy and the

geologic and tectonic processes that

led to the evolution of the

Himalayas.

Page 39 of 60

Reference Books:

1. Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: An Introduction to Text by J. Marshall and R. A. Plumb

2. The Atmosphere and Ocean: A Physical Introduction by N.C. Wells

Other References:

1. Atmospheric Science by J.M. Wallace and P.V. Hobbs

2. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate by R. G. Barry and R. J. Chorley

3. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology by F.K. Lutgens, E.J. Tarbuck, D.G. Tasa

4. Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere by C.D. Ahrens

5. Meteorology : Understanding the Atmosphere by Steven Ackerman, John Knox

6. Essential of Oceanography by Trujillo/ Thurman

7. Essentials of Oceanography, by Tom Garrison

8. Fundamentals of Weather and Climate by Mcllveen

9. Understanding Weather and Climate by Edward Aguado, James E. Burt

Course

Type

Course


OE1 GLO 532 Environmental Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce the basic tenants of environmental geology, sources of pollutants

from natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The subject deals with the adverse effects on the environments and the

role of geologist in the remedial measures for environmental contaminants and its safe disposal.

Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand:

Understand the different aspects of environmental problems in the natural system including the different

sources i.e. geogenic and anthropogenic sources.

Origin and transportation mechanism of the pollutants and their impacts on the society.

Know the possible remedial methods as well as disposal of different waste

Unit


Lectu

re

Hour

s

Learning Outcome

1. Introduction to Environmental Geology: Fundamental

concepts of environmental geology. Changes in the

environment caused by anthropogenic processes.

6 Understanding of different aspects of

environmental geology and

environmental changes.

2. Sources of Pollutants:Sources of Inorganic and organic

contaminants. Drinking water standards. Surface and ground

water pollution. Geochemistry of toxic elements in natural

waters. Introduction to Medical Geology:

9 Sources of pollutants i.e. geogenic

and anthropogenic sources., medical

geology.

3. Earth Processes and impacts: Study of surface geological

processes with reference to their impact on environment.

6 Surface geological processes causing

environmental changes.

4. Exploration/Mining and Impacts on Environment:

Environmental problems connected with exploitation of

minerals and energy resources. Acid mine drainage. Land

use and land degradation due to mining. Soils, erosion and

conservation

8 Exploration and mining related

environmental problems.

5. Environmental Management: Geological solutions to

environmental problems. Role of geology in waste disposal,

Global warming, Climate change and Mitigation.

Environmental planning, management and economics (EMP

and EIA).

10 Environmental management

including the possible remediation.

Reference Books:

1. Montgomery, C.W. (1989) Environmental Geology (II Edition). Wm. C Brown Publ.

2. Valdiya, K S (1987) Environmental Geology. Indian Context. Tata McGraw Hill Publ.

Other References:

Page 40 of 60

1. Keller, E A. (2012) Introduction to Environmental Geology (5h Edition). Prentice Hall.

Course

Type

Course


DP11 GLC524 Principles and Applications Geostatistics Practical

0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the ability to solve classical statistical and

geostatistical exercises.

Learning Outcomes


Understand the utilisation of classical statistical tools and tests as applicable in exploration and evaluation;

Apply concepts and principles of geostatistics for characterisation of deposits.

Carry out Spatial data analysis;

Perform Kriging and Simulation.

Unit



1 Frequency Distribution Analysis – with equal support and

unequal support

2 Frequency distribution analysis

2 Sample Composite Analysis 1 Sample value compositing;

3 Drill hole statistics 1 Computation of drill hole statistics;

4 Fitting of normal distribution (graphical and numerical) 1 Fitting of normal probability

distribution (graphical and numerical);

5 Fitting of lognormal distribution (graphical and numerical) 1 Fitting of lognormal probability

distribution (graphical and numerical);

6 Chi-squared goodness of fit test 1 Chi-squared goodness of fit test

exercise;

7 Semi-variography in 1-Dimension 1 Semi-variography in 1-Dimension;

8 Semi-variography in 2-Dimensions 1 Semi-variography in 2-Dimensions;

9 Estimation Variance 1 Calculation of Estimation Variance;

10 Kriging 1 Computation of kriged estimate and

kriging variance;

11 Ore Evaluation Problem – Stope Block Estimation 1 Solving ore evaluation problem.


Reference Books:

1. Clark, I. (1979) Practical Geostatistics, Elsevier Applied Science Publ. London, 151 p.

2. David, M. (1977) Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co. Amsterdam,

364 p.

Other References:

1. Gandhi, S.M. and Sarkar, B.C. (2016) Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation, Elsevier,

USA, 410 p.

2. Moon, C., Whateley, M. K.G., and Evans, A.M. (2006) Introduction to Mineral Exploration.

Blackwell Publ., Oxford, 481 p.

3. Rendu, J.M. (1981) An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation, SAIMM

Monograph, Johannesburg, 84p.

4. Sinclair, A.J. and Blackwell, G.H. (2002) Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation, Cambridge Univ.

Press, 378 p.

5. Wellmer, F. W. (1998) Statistical Evaluation in Exploration for Mineral Deposits, Springer,

Hannover, 379 p.

Course

Type

Course


Page 41 of 60

DP12 GLC525 Engineering geology and Hydrogeology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

1. The student will gain knowledge for identification of geotechnical problematic zones, their preparation and

treatments to improve the strength of ground and construction of engineering geological structures and natural hazards.

2. In this course the students will also study the fundamental concepts and principles of occurrence, movement and

quality of groundwater, focusing on quantitative analysis.

Learning Outcomes


Demarcate various kinds of geological strata for their engineering use.

Identify and delineate geotechnical weak zones and suggest various kinds of treatments. .

Determine various geotechnical problems related to foundation of engineering structures and instability of

strata.

Assess the role of water in Earth’s climate

Distinguish between confined & unconfined aquifers

Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater flow and geological material interpretation;

Use pump test data for groundwater flow applications.

Develop skills in approaching complex problems involving flow and storage of groundwater

Gain knowledge on sustainable development of groundwater resources.

Unit



1 Exercise on engineering geological maps general. 1 Different types of geological strata for

their engineering use.

2 Preparation of zonation map and sections 1 Limit of weak zones and treatments.

3

Geotechnical analysis of engineering geological map of

hydropower site

1 geotechnical problems and instability

of foundation strata of hydropower

project

4 Evaluation of geotechnical problem along tunnel

alignment.

1 Identification of problematic zone

along tunnel development.

5 Identification of suitable road alignments 1 location of suitable road alignments

6 Delineation of problematic zones in valley side slopes 1 Identification of problematic slopes.

7

Characterization of Groundwater: Preparation of water

table and piezometric surface; Maps of water table and

piezometric surface fluctuations of; Water table contour

maps; Hydrographs; Determination of groundwater flow

direction; 3-point problems.

4

Assess the role of water in Earth’s

climate

Use pump test data for groundwater

flow applications.

8

Darcy’s Law: Laboratory measurements of flow through

saturated media; Estimation of hydraulic conductivity

1 Distinguish between confined &

unconfined aquifers.

Gain knowledge on sustainable

development of groundwater resources.

9

Permeability Tests: Determination of permeability using

falling and constant head permeameters

1 Apply Darcy's Law to groundwater

flow and geological material

interpretationDevelop skills in

approaching complex problems

involving flow and storage of

groundwater


Reference Books:

1. Jumkis, A.R. (1983). Rock Mech. 2nd Ed, Trans Tech Vol.7, pp.1-613

2. Gripps, J.C.et al., (1993). Engineering Geology of Weak Rocks. Geol. Soc. London, A.A Balkema, pp.1-

510.

3. Groundwater Hydrology by K. E. Todd. 2nd Edition, 2006, Wiley India.

4. Applied Hydrogeology by C. W. Fetter, 4th Edition, 2007, Prentice Hall Inc.

Other References:

1. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.

2. Groundwater by H. M. Raghunath, 3rd Edition, 2007, New Age International Publishers.

Page 42 of 60

3. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology by P. A. Domenico and F. W. Shcwartz, 2nd Edition, 1997, Wiley.

4. Elements of Physical Hydrology by G. M. Hornberger, J. P. Raffensperger, P. L. Wiberg and K. N.

Eshleman, 1st Edition, 1998, The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Page 43 of 60

Semester VIII

Course

Type

Course


DC20 GLC526 Ore Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The course deals with the natural mineral resources and their association with different host rocks during their

formation. The fundamental concepts regarding the origin of the mineral can be well understood with a thorough

knowledge on the mineral assemblages, textural features, paragenetic order and metallogeny

Learning Outcomes


Understand the different ore systematic at divergence geological setting and terrains with implications for

exploration.

Identification of minerals based on their optical properties and textural behaviour and their application in

mineral beneficiation industries.

To know the source and depositional environment based on isotopic and fluid inclusion studies.

Unit



1 Ore forming processes: Introduction to different ore

forming processes and their geodynamic settings.

10 Different ore forming processes and

metallogeny with case studies.

2

Geochemical concepts of the ore system: Partition of trace

elements, Phase diagrams of ore minerals. Calculation of

thermo-barometric parameters for oxide and sulphide

phases. Different types of chemical reactions involved in

hydrothermal alterations and supergene enrichment.

9 Phase diagrams of different

geochemical environment and

hydrothermal alteration.

3 Introduction to Ore microscopy: Qualitative and

Quantitative methods in the identification of Ore minerals.

6 Methods to study ore minerals.

4 Introduction to ore textures, microstrutures and

applications: Ore textures and paragenesis. Industrial

application of ore microscopy and process mineralogy.

7 Application of ore microscopy in

exploration and process mineralogy.

5

Fluid Inclusion Studies and Application: Nature of ore

forming fluids.

Fluid inclusions and their application in the genesis of ores.

Isotopes and their bearing on ore genesis and application.

7 Importance of fluid inclusion and

isotopic studies in ore systems.

Reference Books:

1. Kula C Misra. 2001. Understanding Mineral Deposits. Kluwer Publ.

2. Craig, J.R and Vaughan, D.J., 1981. Ore Microscopy and Ore petrography. John Wiley &sons.

Other References:

1. Robb, L. (2005) Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes by, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

2. H.L.Barnes (Ed). 1997. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal deposits. III Edn. John Wiley & Sons.

3. A.M. Evans. 1997: Ore Geology and Industrial minerals- An introduction (III edn.) Geoscience, Texas

Course

Type

Course


DC16 GLC513 Coal Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal such as origin, transport, formation,

types, physical properties and depositional environments and industrial utilization to the students

Learning Outcomes


Distinguish between different typescoal based on physical, chemical and petogarphical and other properties.

Origin and effect of various depositional environments in shaping ofvarious coal type.

Role of Coal Geology in industrial utilization.

Page 44 of 60

Unit



1

Coal and its properties: Different varieties and ranks of

coal. Type of Depositional processes. Coalification process

and its causes.

7 Various types of coal and their origin

2 Structural features: Sediments closely associated with coal. 2 Structural features of coal seams and

their applications

3

Lithotypes, microlithotypes and macerals: their physical

and optic properties. Maceral analysis of coal; Mineral and

organic matter in coal; Petrographic methods and tools

of examination.

7 Petrographic characteristics of various

lithotypes, micro-lithotypes, macerals

and associated mineral matters

4

Industrial evaluation of coal: Application of coal

petrography. Proximate and ultimate analyses; Industrial

evaluation of coal characteristics with reference to coal

classification.

7 Industrial evaluation of coal

5

Distribution of different coalfields: Geological and

geographical distribution of different coalfields with

special reference to India. Geology and petrography of

different coalfields and lignite fields of India (Jharia,

Raniganj coalfields).

7 Various coal basins of India and their

characteristics

6

Coal for various industries: Uses of coal for various

industries e.g. carbonization, liquefaction power

generation, gasification and coalbed methane production;

Organic Petrology and Introduction to coal-based

Nanomaterials

7 Organic petrology for nanomaterials

7 Organic Petrology: Organic Petrology and Introduction to

coal-based Nanomaterials

2 Organic petrology for coal -based

nanomaterials

Reference Books:

1. Taylor, G.H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, R., Robert, P., 1998. Org. Petrol.

GerbrüderBorntraeger, Berlin.16, 704.

2. Van Krevelen, D.W., 1993. Coal: Typology-chemistry-physics-constitution. Elsevier Science,

Amsterdam, 963.

Course

Type

Course


DC21 GLC527 Exploration Geology and Mineral Economics 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce the fundamental aspects of exploration strategies followed in

Greenfield and Brownfield exploration. Different sampling methodologies and resource methodologies are basic

ingredients of the course. Apart from the basic exploration technique, the economic evaluation is done before mining.

Learning Outcomes


Understand the different approaches of mineral exploration using different tools.

Can build up confidence in sampling and reserve estimation.

Mineral economics of a deposit need to be understood by different methodologies.

Unit



1

Methods of Geological Prospecting and Exploration:

Principles and concepts of mineral exploration, methods of

Prospecting and Exploration. Different Stages of mineral

Exploration. Radiometric survey. Remote sensing in

mineral exploration.

7 Understand the different approaches of

mineral exploration using different

tools.

2 Sampling and Subsurface exploration: Sampling theory,

objectives and methods. Exploration drilling technique,

6 Basic concept of sampling drilling and

ore body evaluation.

Page 45 of 60

planning, drill core logging and sampling. Planning of the

Geological plans and sections for ore body evaluation.

3

Reserve Estimation: Cut-off grade concepts and

applications, Reserve Estimation– principles, practices and

different conventional methods.

4 Principle and practices of ore reserve

evaluation.

4

Principles of Geochemical Exploration: Geochemical

cycle, geochemical mobility and association of elements.

Primary and secondary dispersions of elements;

Determination of background, and geochemical anomalies;

Pathfinder and target elements for geochemical

exploration.

4 Basic concept of geochemical

exploration.

5

Geochemical methods of mineral exploration: Methods

of geochemical explorations, Procedures for geochemical

sampling; Interpretation of geochemical surveys.

5 Methods of geochemical explorations.

6

Mineral Economics

World resources of minerals: Classification of mineral

resources with special reference to UNFC and JORC

schemes. Mineral markets, Import-Export policies and

International Trade. Demand analysis of minerals, Royalty

and Taxes. India’s status in mineral production.

5 Mineral Economics and world

resources of minerals.

7

Mineral Policies and Regulations: International and

national mineral policies. Mines and Mineral policies.

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) act.

Marine and mineral resources and laws of sea.

4 National and International mineral

policy and regulations.

8

Economics of Deposit: Economic evaluation of mineral

deposit.

Mineral conservation: Methods of mineral conservation

and substitution

4 Economics of mineral deposits and

mineral conservation.

Reference Books:

1. Reedman, J H. Techniques in Mineral Exploration: 1979. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK.

2. Peters, W.C. Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); 1987. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Course

Type

Course


DE2 GLD528 Geotechnical Engineering 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The student will gain a brief knowledge for application of various aspects of geotechniques related to settlements,

energy and natural resources and environment.

Learning Outcomes


1. Classify various kinds of geological strata in geotechnical purview.

2. Apply the geotechnical concepts in various field related to infrastructures and developments.

3. Identify problems related to geotechnical aspects in energy sectors and environment fields.

4. Determine expected loads and design and evaluate anchoring systems

Unit


Lecture


1. Geotechnical Engineering: Introduction, definition and phase relations

1

2. Geotechnical ground and construction materials: Needs, parameters, types of ground, types

of materials, parameters, testing, cement-aggregates

reactions.

4

3. Water–rock interaction: weathering indices,

durability indices, and chemical reactions.

2

Page 46 of 60

4. Geotechnical investigations for settlements and ground-foundation interaction: Identification of

sites, new alignments, parameters, ground- foundation interaction, differential settlement.

5

5. Underground spaces and ground control

problems: definition, elements, parameters, and classification, geotechnical investigation, types of

ground, geotechnical problems, subsidence,

convergence, etc

4

6. Loads and anchoring of strata: parameters,

methods, grouting, bolting, wire meshing, etc.

3

7. Geotechniques of cold region: characteristics and behaviour of ground, ground control problems, and

mitigation measures

3

8. Geotechnical aspects of resources: mineral and water exploration and extraction.

3

9. Energy Geotechniques: Geothermal energy, fuels, Coal Bed Methane (CBM) exploration and extraction,

hydropower.

4

10. Environmental Geotechniques: types of waste, carbon dioxide sequestration, geotechnical application

in waste management, natural hazards,

4

11. Rivers and Quaternary Geotechniques: land forms, neotectonics, river hydraulics and associate

problems, geotechnical applications

3

12. Shoreline geotechniques: Erosion, shore dynamics, geotechnical condition of ground, problems, shore

stability, design and mitigation measures

3

Reference Books:

1. Rahm, P.H (1985). Engineering Geology. An Environmental Approach, Elsevier, XI, pp.1-589

2. Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W. (1986). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. 2nd Ed, John Wiley and Sons.

Other References: 3. Reddy, D.V. (2016). Engineering Geology, Vikas Pbl, pp. 1-410.

4. Jumkis, A.R. (1983). Rock Mech. 2nd Ed, Trans Tech Vol.7, pp.1-613

5. Gripps, J.C.et al., (1993). Engineering Geology of Weak Rocks. Geol. Soc. London, A.A Balkema, pp.1-

510.

6. Stober, I. and Bucher, K. (2013). Geothermal Energy: From Theoretical Models to Exploration and

Development, Springer, 1-277.

7. Hudson, J.A. and Harrison, J. (2000). Engineering Rock mechanics: an introduction to the principles,

Elsevier pp. 1-456

8. Morena J. Acosta (Editor) (2011). Advances in Energy Research (Volume 5), Publisher: Nova Science

Publishers, Inc., NY, USA, pp1- 419.

9. John, P. (2005). Waste management practices,(2nd Ed) CRC Press pp.1-676.

10. Dentefratta, et al., (2017). Introduction to soil mechanics Laboratory testing, CRC Press, pp.1-267.

11. Report on Shale gas and coal bed methane: potential sources of sustainable energy in future, Erns &

Young Pvt. Ltd, pp.1-30.

12. Blinderman, M and Klimenko, A (2017). Underground coal gasification and combustion, Woodhead Pbl,

pp. 1-662.

Course

Type

Course


DE2 GLD529 Organic Geochemistry 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of organic geochemistry such as

origin, transport, formation, types, physical properties and depositional environments and industrial utilization to the students. Learning Outcomes

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&text=Morena+J.+Acosta&search-alias=books&field-author=Morena+J.+Acosta&sort=relevancerank

Page 47 of 60


1. Distinguish between different kerogen types based on physical, chemical and petrographical and other

properties.

2. Origin and effect of various depositional environments in shaping of various macromolecular components.

3. Role of organic geochemistry in industrial utilization.

Unit


Lecture


1. Organo-geochemical Cycles and organic matter: Organo-

geochemical Cycles, Fundamental aspects of organic matter

formation

5

2. Preservation and composition: Preservation and

composition; Diagnostic isotopic fossils. 4

3. Macromolecular compounds: Macromolecular compounds

and their role in kerogen, coal and petroleum. 4

4. Isotope fractionation: Isotope fractionation during primary

production. 4

5. Biomarkers: Production, transport and alteration of

particulate organic matter. Biomarkers and their applications 4

6. Kerogen: Types, structural components, maturity;

Analytical Pyrolysis and chemical methods for assessing

types and maturity.

5

7. Kerogen Petrology: Organic petrographic approach for

kerogen characterization 5

8. Thermal alteration : Thermal alteration of organic matter

and formation of fossil fuels. 5

9. Organic Geochemical Research: Organic Geochemical

Research for Hydrocarbon Exploration.

3

Reference Books:

1. Organic Geochemistry by Stephen D.Killops and Venessa J. Killops ,2013 (Second Edition)

Course

Type

Course


DE3 GLD 530 Geodynamics 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for understanding evolution of morphotectonic

features of the earth.

Learning Outcomes


Understand different techniques for tectonic reconstructions.

Understand the petro-tectonic associations in different regions.

Understand the behaviour of the earth in time and space.

Unit


Lecture


1. Methods and sources of information: Internal structure of

the earth. Variation of physical properties inside earth.

7 Understand different techniques for

tectonic reconstructions.

2. Crustal types and their characters: Tectonic features of

continental areas. Main features of ocean basins. Characters

of deep ocean floor and oceanic ridges. Different types of

continental margins and their characters. Stages in the

evolution of oceanic basins.

7 Understand the petro-tectonic

associations in different regions.

Page 48 of 60

3. Tectonic hypotheses of orogenesis: continental drift,

palaeomagnetism, sea floor spreading and distribution of

tectonically active zones.

7 Understand the behaviour of the

earth in time and space

4. The concept of plate tectonics: Plate geometry and plate

boundaries. Plates in velocity space. Cartesian coordinates,

spherical coordinates and reference frame. Finding Euler's

pole. Velocity due to rotation about Euler's pole. Angular

velocity vectors. Triple junctions. Mechanisms of plate

motion.

6 Fundamental concepts of plate

tectonics and dynamic activities of

earth.

5. Tectonics of different plate boundaries: Different types of

tectonic settings. Petro-tectonic assemblages at different

plate boundaries. Activation model and collision model of

orogeny. Pacific and Andean type orogeny.

6 Concepts of plate boundaries and

magmatism.

6. Configuration of the Indian plate: Characters of different

tectonic zones and the origin of the Himalayas.

6 Tectonic zones in Indi and their

significance in understanding the

evolution.

Reference Books:

1. Bearman, G. (1989). The ocean basins: their structure and evolution. Pergamon Press.

2. Boillot, G. (1981). Geology of the continental margins. Longman.

Other References:

1. Condie, K. C. (1997). Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

2. Jolivet, L. and Nataf, H.C. (2001). Geodynamics. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.

3. Kearey, P. and Vine, F. J. (1996). Global Tectonics. Blackwell Publishing, London

4. Kennett, JP (1982). Marine Geology. Prentice-Hall.

5. Moores, E. M. and Twiss, R. J. (1995). Tectonics. W. H. Freeman & Co.

6. Ranalli, G. (1995). Rheology of the Earth (2nd Edition). Chapman & Hall, London.

7. Turcotte, D.L. and Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press

8. Van der Pluijm, B.A. & Marshak, S. (2004). Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and

Tectonics (2nd Edition). WW Norton & Company.

9. Windley, B.F. (1995). The evolving continents (3rd Edition). John Wiley, Chichester.

Course

Type

Course


DE3 GLD 531 Sequence Stratigraphy and Basin Analysis 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of sedimentology.

Learning Outcomes


Understand the basic concepts of base level of erosion, transgression and regression.

Know various types of stratigraphic surfaces and their uses.

Understand the basic concepts of system tracts Understand various types of sedimentary depositional

environments and their importance for hydrocarbon systems, ore deposits and groundwater accumulation

Unit


Lecture


1

Definitions and key concepts, base level changes,

transgressions and regressions.

3 Understand the basic concepts of

base level of erosion, transgression

and regression.

2 Sequence stratigraphic surfaces. Unconformity and

correlative conformity

4 Know various types of stratigraphic

surfaces and their uses.

3 Systems Tracts: Lowstand, Transgressive, Highstand,

Falling stage.

4 Understand the basic concepts of

system tracts

4 Hierarchy of sequences and bounding surfaces` 3 Understand the hierarchy of

sequences

Basin Analysis

5 Definition and scope of basin analysis 3 Basics of basin analysis

Page 49 of 60

6 Basin mapping methods: structure and isopach contouring,

lithofacies maps, palaeocurrent analysis, Geohistory

analysis. Thermal history.

10 Learn the basin mapping methods

7 Regional and global stratigraphic cycles. Tectonic

classification of sedimentary basins.

5 Learn about tectonic classification

of sedimentary basins.

8 Characteristics of divergent margin basins, convergent

margin basins, transform and transcurrent fault basins, basins

developed during continental collision and suturing and

cratonic basins.

6 Understand the character of various

types of sedimentary basins.

9 Review of Indian basins. 1 Learn about Indian Sedimentary

basins

Reference Books:

1. Gary Nichols – Sedimentology & Stratigraphy, 2003, Blackwell Publishing Company, Malden, USA

2. Richard C. Selley – Applied Sedimentology, 2000, Academic Press, California, USA.

Other References: 1. H.G. Reading – Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy, 1996, Blackwell Science

Limited, Malden, USA.

2. Hans-Erich Reineck and Indra Bir Singh – Depositional sedimentary environments: with reference to

terrigenous clastics, 1992, Springer-Verlag.

3. Winfried Zimmerle– Petroleum Sedimentology, 1995, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.

4. B. Biju-Duval – Sedimentary Geology: Sedimentary Basins, Depositional Environments, Petroleum

Formation, 2002, Editions Technip, Paris.

5. Andrew Miall – Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis. Springer, New York, 1990.

6. Magnus Wangen – Physical Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New

York, 2010.

Course

Type

Course


DP13 GLC533 Ore and Exploration Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The course is focussed to orient the students to identify the different types of ore minerals and associated host rocks

and apply the knowledge in the field. The microscopic characterization is needed to understand the textures,

associations of different ore minerals at various geological environments of deposition and on their possible origin.

The students will also gain a thorough knowledge on the geochemical and borehole data processing, sampling

methodologies and interpretations and different types of reserve estimation for ore deposit types

Learning Outcomes


Identification of metallic and non-metallic ore minerals based on their physical properties.

Identification of ore minerals under microscope from their properties and textural studies under petrological

microscope, micro-textural characteristics and paragenesis, particle size measurement procedure and their

application in mineral processing.

Channel sampling and data analysis to conclude the plan of the exploration and exploitation activities.

Calculation of the reserve by different methods and geochemical contouring from the surface database

Unit



1

Megascopic identification of Ore minerals: Identification

of metallic and non-metallic ore minerals and associated

host rock assemblages based on the physical

characteristics.

2 Identification of metallic and non-

metallic ore minerals based on their

physical properties.

2

Ore microscopic Studies: Concept of reflected light

microscopy and description of optical properties of ore

minerals, ore microscopic studies of important oxide,

sulphide and complex minerals. Textural Characteristics:

Identification of micro textures and micro-structural

5 Identification of ore minerals under

microscope from their properties.

Textural studies under petrological

microscope.

Page 50 of 60

features of ore mineral assemblages, texture based

paragenesis.

3

Applied Ore microscopy: Particle size measurement and

applications in the liberation characteristics of complex

mineral assemblages for mineral beneficiation and in other

areas. Fluid Inclusion Studies: Introductory fluid inclusion

petrography.

2 Micro-textural characteristics and

paragenesis, particle size measurement

procedure and their application in

mineral processing. Fluid inclusion

petrography.

4

Sampling and Borehole Section Preparation: Exercises on

channel sampling, preparation of geological sections,

borehole correlation methods. Reserve Estimation

Methods: Reserve calculation by Polygon method,

Triangular method, Sectional method and Contouring

method.

2 Channel sampling and data analysis to

conclude the plan of the exploration

and exploitation activities. Calculation

of the reserve by different methods.

5

Geochemical Exploration Data Analysis: Geochemical

contouring, statistical evaluation of geochemical data, drill

hole sample value compositing,

1 Geochemical contouring from the

surface database.

6 Practical examination 1 Evaluation of students.

Reference Books:

1. Craig, J.R and Vaughan, D.J., 1981. Ore Microscopy and Ore petrography. John Wiley &sons.

2. Reedman, J H. Techniques in Mineral Exploration: 1979. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK.

Other References:

1. Picot, P. and Johon, Z., 1982. Atlas of Ore minerals. B.R.G.M. Publ. Elsevier, Paris.

2. Peters, W.C. Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); 1987. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. Ramdohr, P. 1980. The ore minerals and their intergrowths, 2nd edn. Oxford, Pergamon press.

4. Sharma, N L and Agarwal Y K. Tables for Mineral Identification.

Course

Type

Course


DP10 GLC516 Coal Geology Practical 0 0 2 2

Course Objective

The primary objective of the coal geology practical course is to introduce fundamental aspects of coal and

their types and reserve estimation. To develop capability to differentiate various types of lithotypes, cleats

and macerals.

Learning Outcomes


Distinguish between different types coal based on physical, chemical and petographic and other properties.

Estimation of coal reserve

Unit



1 Megascopic identification:Megascopic identification of

different varieties of coal

2 Megascopic identification of various

types of coal

2 Lithotypes: Identification of lithotypes, lithotype logging

and cleat attributes

2 Various types of lithotypes, lithotype

logging and cleat identification

3 Seam Formation Curves: Preparation of Seam Formation

Curves

1 Seam formation, curve preparation and

their interpretation

4

Identification of macerals: Identification of macerals and

minerals under transmitted light; Identification of macerals

and minerals under reflected light; Reflectance

measurements and rank determination of coal.

4 Identification of macerals and minerals

under microscope

5 Coal Reserve: Estimation of coal Reserve and quality 1 Estimation of coal reserve

6

Coding of coal characters: Coding and decoding of coal

characters following International Coal classification

1 Coding and decoding of coal characters

following International Coal

classification

Page 51 of 60

7 Location of coalfields: Location of coalfields on

geographical maps and comments about quality of coal.

1


Reference Books:

1. Taylor, G.H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, R., Robert, P., 1998. Org. Petrol.

GerbrüderBorntraeger, Berlin.16, 704.

Page 52 of 60

Semester X

Course

Type

Course


DE3 GLD 540 Geomorphology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and applied aspects of Geomorphology such as origin,

evolution, maintenance and destruction of landforms, their link with tectonics and climate and their applications in

flood control, landslides, transport engineering and others.

Learning Outcomes


Geomorphology as an important earth process that links landform development with climate, tectonics,

sedimentary deposits, igneous activity and extra-terrestrial events

Quantitatively analyse landforms and landscapes

Application of geomorphology in Engineering and environmental problems.

Unit


Lecture


1. Introduction to Geomorphology 2 Understand the overview of

Geomorphology

2. Methods of Geomorphic investigations 2 Knowledge on the methods on

landscape analysis

3. Physical, Chemical and Biological processes in weathering

5 Understand the controls on

weathering of rocks

4. Structural and lithological controls on landforms and

drainage patterns

4 Understand the controls on

landform and drainage

development

5. Depositional and Erosional landforms: Fluvial, Aeolian,

Glacial and Marine

11 Understand the development of

geomorphic landforms

6. Morphometric analysis of landforms 6 Apply the concepts of geomorphic

studies in engineering and

environmental

problems

7. Impact of climate on geomorphology 3 Climatic impact of landforms.

8. Applications of Geomorphology in environmental and

engineering problems

3 Evaluate geomorphic signatures for

recent and ongoing crustal

movements

9. Neotectonics and geomorphology 3 Neotectonic and its impact on

landforms

Reference Books:

1. Principles of Geomorphology W.D. Thornbury, Wiley Eastern Limited

2. Geomorphology Arthur H. Bloom, Prentice hall of India

Other References:

1. Structural Geomorphology J. Tricart , Longman Publishers

2. Geomorphology from the Earth Karl W. Butzer, Harper International

3. Glacial and Fluvioglacial Landforms R.J. Price, Longman Publishers

Course

Type

Course


DE3 GLD541 Geochemical Analytical Techniques 3 0 0 9

Page 53 of 60

Course Objective

In this course the students will study the fundamental concepts, principles and applications of various analytical

techniques foe generating geochemical and isotope data from geological material.

Learning Outcomes

Understand the methods of dissolution, dilution and analysis of different types of chemical elements.

Learn about different kinds of analysis

Learn about various methods of sample preparation

Unit


Lecture


1 Introduction to geochemical analyses of rocks, minerals,

ores, coal and environmental material.

2 Understand the methods of

dissolution, dilution and analysis

of different types of chemical

elements.

2 Classification of geochemical analyses 2 Learn about different kinds of

analysis

3 Sample preparation methods of whole-rock, minerals and

water analyses and isotopic analyses (Destructive and non-

destructive methods) and geochemical standards.

6

Learn about various methods of

sample preparation

4 Classical methods; Flame and Ultra-Violet & Infra-Red

Spectrophotometer; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer;

and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer.

8

Learn about instruments which use

dissolved samples for analysis

5 Introduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),

Cathodo- Luminescence (CL), Thermo- Luminescence

(TL), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Florescence

Spectrometry (XRF), Electron Probe Micro Analyser

(EPMA) Ion Probe; Mass Spectrometry, Liquid

Chromatography and Gas Chromatography, Neutron

activation analyses (INAA), Gamma-ray spectroscopy.

SHRIMP and SIMS techniques for U-Pb dating

15

Learn about instruments which use

samples in a solid form for analysis

without undergoing dissolution.

6 Data Processing and Presentation. 6 Processing and interpretation of

data being generated after analysis

Reference Books:

1. Potts P.J. (1987) A handbook of silicate rock analysis; Blackie

Other References:

1. Albarède F. (2003) Geochemistry An Introduction; Cambridge University Press.

2. Faure G. (1986) Principles of Isotope Geology; John Wiley and sons 2nd Eds.

3. Faure G. (1991) Principles and Applications of Inorganic Geochemistry; Macmillan Publishing

Company.

4. Hoefs EJ. (1996) Stable Isotope Geochemistry: Springer,4thEds.

5. Mason B, Moore CB. (1991) PrinciplesofGeochemistry: Willey eastern Ltd,4th Eds.

6. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating: Cambridge University Press, 1st edition

Course

Type

Course


DE4 GLD 543 Computer Applications in Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental aspects of computer and programming and usefulness

in the field of geology.

Page 54 of 60

Learning Outcomes


Use efficiently the computer to solve geological problems.

Write small computer codes in different computer languages to address data compilation and analysis.

Will be conversant with different commercial software to solve real time geological problems.

Unit


Lecture


1. General Introduction to computers and programming, Flow

chart, control of programming 4 General aspects of computer and

programming

2. Database - definition, structure, and types; Geological

database. 7 Meaning of database and its types

3. Computer Graphics, Construction of geological maps and

sections during AutoCAD and Coreldraw 9 Use of different computer

graphical software’s for

geoscience application

4. Elementary concepts on Knowledge Based Expert System,

Decision Support System, Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic and

Genetic Algorithm

10 Knowledge based Expert system

5. Use of Software Packages in Geology 9 Application of some dedicated

geological software’s

Reference Books:

Learning Python: Powerful Object-Oriented Programming

1. Programming Pearls by Jon Bentley

2. Pro SQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and Implementation 1st ed. Edition by Louis

Davidson, Kevin Kline, Scott Klein, Kurt Windisch

Other references:

3. Essentials of MATLAB Programming by Stephen J. Chapman

4. Engineering and Scientific Computations Using MATLAB by Sergey E. Lyshevski

Course

Type

Course


DE4 GLD 544 Kinematics of Rock Deformation 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to provide theoretical background for techniques of stress and strain analysis in

rocks.

Learning Outcomes


Measure rock deformation in nature

Understand the evolution of different structures Unit


Lecture


1. Stress: Definition, units, classification, stress ellipsoid,

stresses at a point, stress on a plane, Mohr circle construction

and stress trajectory. Applications for basin analysis and

slope stability studies.

7

Understanding the fundamental

concepts of stress and its analysis

for a point and

a plane with applications

2. Strain: Definition, strain parameters, classification, strain

ellipsoid and theory of deformation in two and three

dimensions. Applications in basin analysis

7 Understanding the fundamental

concepts of strain and its

applications

3. Strain Analysis: Measurement of deformation in nature,

graphical representation by Flinn, Ramsay, Hossack and

Mohr diagrams, progressive deformation, deformation paths

and significance of geological structures.

7 Develop the skills of quantitative

strain analysis

Page 55 of 60

4. Experimental Deformation and Rheology: Behaviour of

rocks under experimental conditions. Effects of confining

pressure, pore fluid pressure, anisotropy, temperature and

scale on rock deformation.

6 Understand the material properties

of rocks and its behavior under

pressure and

temperature

5. Development of Structures - I: Mechanisms of folding, and

strain variations around folds. Development of secondary

cleavage and lineations.

7

Understand the mechanism of

development of ductile structures

like folds

6. Development of Structures - II: Development ofrock

fractures. Conditions of fault development. Deformation

mechanisms.

5 Understand the mechanism of

development of brittle structures

like faults and

fractures

Reference Books:

1. Ghosh, S.K. (1993) Structural Geology. Pergamon Press.

2. Means, W.D. (1976) Stress and Strain. Springer-Verlag.

Other References: 1. Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J. (1996). Microtectonics, Springer.

2. Ramsay, J.G. (1967) Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw-Hill.

3. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I. (1983). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol. 1. Academic

Press.

4. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I. (1987). The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol. 2. Academic

Press.

5. Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M. (1992) Structural Geology. W.H. Freeman & Company.

6. Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press

7. Van der Pluijm, B.A. & Marshak, S. (2004). Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and

Tectonics (2nd Edition). WW Norton & Company.

Course

Type

Course


OE4 GLO545 Radiogenic and Stable Isotope Geology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The students will learn about the various isotopic systematics that are applicable to geological studies.

Learning Outcomes


Learn about the fundamentals of radioactivity and its application to geological studies

Learn about different isotopic systematics as applied to geology

Learn mass spectrometric techniques and understand how isotopes are used for petrogenetic studies

Unit


Lecture


1. Nucleosynthesis, Radioactivity and radioactive decay,

Growth and decay mechanisms (α β γ decay); Decay units

and dosage. Neutron activation.

5 The fundamentals radioactive decay

2. Mass spectrometry. Geochronology: Dating methods: K-Ar

and Ar-Ar methods, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf methods, Re-

Os method.

5 Mass spectrometry and

geochronology using common

radiometric dating methods

3. U-Pb and Pb-Pb methods, Fission track; U-Series

Disequilibrium. 4 Application of isotope systematics

for petrogenetic studies

4. Application of Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes in petrogenetic

studies. 4 Fractionation of stable isotopes and

their vast applications in multiple

fields of Earth sciences as well as

applications of O and H isotope

studies in climate studies

5. Cosmogenic Radionuclides and their applications in

geological studies. 4 Applications of C isotopes for

geological problems

6. Stable isotopes: Fractionation mechanisms, Oxygen and

hydrogen in hydrosphere and atmosphere. Oxygen/hydrogen

isotopes in igneous, metamorphic & sedimentary rocks.

5 Applications of S isotopes for

geological problems

Page 56 of 60

7. Carbon and its stable isotopes in biosphere, fossil fuels,

igneous and metamorphic rocks. 4 Different methods of detecting and

measuring radioactivity

8. Sulphur isotopes, Fractionation mechanisms, Non-

traditional stable isotope geochemistry. 4

9. Applications of stable isotopes in climate studies, ore genesis

and petrogenesis. Non-traditional stable isotopes and their

applications in geological studies.

4

Reference Books:

1. Faure, G. (1977). Principles of Isotope Geology. Wiley, 464 pp.

2. Faure, G. and Mensing, T.M. (2009). Isotopes Principles and Applications. Wiley, 896 pp.

Other References:

1. Dickin, A.P. (2005). Radiogenic Isotope Geology. Cambridge University Press, 492 pp.

2. Allègre, C.J. (2008). Isotope Geology. Cambridge University Press, 512 pp.

3. Hoefs, J. (2015). Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer, 389 pp.

4. Gopalan K. (2017) Principles of Radiometric dating. Cambridge University Press, 1st edition

Course

Type

Course


GLO545 Elements of Rock Engineering 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and advanced aspects of rock engineering

through engineering geological investigations.

Learning Outcomes


1. Understand the engineering properties of rocks and their behaviour during excavations in mining and rock

engineering project.

2. Carry out geo-engineering design for both surface and sub-surface structures.

Unit


Lecture


1. Introduction: Objective, scope and problems of rock

engineering.

3 Introduce to theoretical and practical

aspects of rock engineering.

2. Physico-mechanical properties of rock: Physico-

mechanical properties of rock, Laboratory tests for

various physical and mechanical properties, Field

shear test, Deformability tests in rock mass, Hardness

and abrasiveness.

6 Understand the physico-mechanical

properties of rock.

3. Engineering rock mass Classification: Engineering

classification of intact rock and rock masses, Rock

mass classifications in support design.

6 Concept of engineering rock mass

classification.

4. State of stress and failure criteria of rockmass:

Concept of Stress and strain, Failure criteria for rock

and rock masses, Mohr-Coulomb Criterion, Hoek-

Brown Criterion; Insitu stress, Various methods of

stress measurement, Hydrofracturing technique, Flat

jack technique, Overcoring technique.

6 Understand the stress and failure

criteria of rockmass.

5. Strength of discontinuities: Strength and

deformability of jointed rock mass, Shear strength of

rock joints, Dynamic shear strength of rock joints,

6 Know about strength and

deformability of jointed rock mass.

Page 57 of 60

Deformability of rock joints, Joint wall roughness

coefficient, Joint wall compressive strength, Normal

and shear stiffness of rock joints, Fracture toughness,

Thermal and hydraulic properties of rock .

6. Slope engineering: Modes of slope failure; Planar,

wedge, topping and circular failures analyses,

monitoring of slope movements, stabilization of rock

slopes.

6 Concept of mechanism of slope

failure.

7. Numerical methods: Numerical modeling of rocks and

rock masses, Application to tunnels, caverns and

slopes.

3 Learn about numerical methods and

its applications.

8. Applications: Foundation on rocks, Rapid landslide

hazard zonation, Improvement of rock mass

responses, Problems associated with deep

excavations (Mines, Tunnels, Underground

Chambers) and energy development (Petroleum,

Geothermal, Nuclear, Energy Storage Caverns),

Highway transport system.

3 Applications of rock engineering.

Text Books:

1. Jaeger, J.C; Cook, N.G.W. and Zimmerman,R, Fourth Edition, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,

Blackwell Publishing, 2007.

2. Goodman, R.E., Introduction to Rock Mechanics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.

Reference Books:

1. Hudson, J.A. et al. (Ed.), Comprehensive Rock Mechanics, in 5 volumes, Pergamon Press, 1993.

2. Ramamurthy,T., Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundation and Tunnels, Prentice Hall India Pvt.

Ltd.,2014.

Course

Type

Course


GPO503 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Geosciences 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The primary objective of the course is to introduce fundamental and advanced aspects of Artificial intelligence

and machine learning for geo-record analysis and processing.

Learning Outcomes


1. Practical knowledge on AI and ML for time/space series data analysis.

2. Practical knowledge on automatic nonlinear classification, regression and prediction of geo-records.

3. Practical knowledge on application of AI and ML with deep network for big data processing.

Unit


Lecture


1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Definition and application.

Definition of Machine Learning (ML). The relation

between AI and ML. ML classification algorithm:

7 Fundamental concepts on

Artificial Intelligence an

dMachine learning

Page 58 of 60

supervised, reinforcement and unsupervised

learning: Principal component analysis (PCA), K-

means, Decision Tree (DT), random forest (RF),

Logistic regression (LR), Self-organizing map (SOM).

2. Artificial neural networks: Introduction to artificial

neural networks (ANNs). Pre-processing and

dimension reduction techniques for time/space series

modeling/classification.

4 Artificial neural networks and

their applications

3. Transfer Function: Types of transfer function,

training, validation and test data set selection. Over-

fitting, role of regularization, Calibration of model,

cross-validation, early stopping techniques, bias-

variance dilemma.

7 Transfer functions, their types

and use

4. Optimization: ANNs optimization: local and global

techniques. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS).

Hybrid ML algorithm with ordinary kriging (OK), semi-

variogram modeling, singular spectrum analysis (SSA)

for de-noising, interpolation and missing value

prediction techniques.

7 Artificial Neural networks and

Neuro Fuzzy systems

5. 7 Probabilistic models for Artificial

neural networks

6. Probabilistic methods: Probabilistic inference,

Bayesian learning for artificial neural networks,

evidence maximization (EA), hybrid Monte Carlo

(HMC), Automatic relevance determination (ARD),

Gaussian process (GP), Support vector machines

(SVM).

7 Big data analysis

Recommended Books:

1. Bishop C M, (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford University Press.

2. Haykin, S. (1999). Neural networks – a comprehensive foundation (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Other References:

3. MacKay, D.J.C., (1992). A practical Bayesian framework for back-propagation networks.

Neural Comput, 4 (3), 448–472.

4. Poulton M, (2001) Computational Neural Networks for Geophysical Data Processing,

Pergamon, Oxford, U.K.

5. Van der Baan M, and Jutten C, (2000) Neural networks in geophysical applications,

Geophysics, 65: 1032–1047.

6. Wasserman, P.D. (1993) Advanced methods in neural computing. Van Nostrand Reinhold,

New York, NY 10003

Course

Type

Course


GLD592 Environmental Geotechnology 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

Page 59 of 60

The key objective of the course is to introduce the students with the implications of environmental impacts of

geotechnical projects.

Learning Outcomes


To introduce the basic tenants of environmental geology, sources of pollutants from natural as well as anthropogenic

sources and their adverse impacts on the environments. The role of geologist in the remedial measures for

environmental contaminants and its safe disposal.

Unit


Lecture


1. Introduction to Environmental Geotechnology 2 Acquaint themselves with

evaluation of environmental

impact.

2. Scope of Environmental Geology, Changes in the

environment caused by geological and anthropogenic

activities

3 Environmental management.

3. Engineering geological studies for environmental

evaluation and development

4 Waste disposal.

4. Environment issues related to Environmental aspects

of opencast mining projects with emphasis on impact

of mine dumps, environmental impact of engineering

projects.

6 Remediation.

5. Environmental aspects of water, Impact of unplanned

urbanization on groundwater regimes.

6 Groundwater pollution

6. Nuclear waste and disposal: Radiation and dangerous

radioactive products and half-life, natural and

anthropogenic sources; site selection for nuclear

waste disposal.

4 Radioactive pollution

7. Land reclamation and restoration 3 How to restore and reclaim

lands

8. Mass movements 6 Landslides and hazards

9. Environmental planning, management and economics

(EMP and EIA) and Preparation of Project Feasibility

Report

5 Environmental impact

assessment

Recommended Textbooks:

1. Reedman, JH.(1979) Techniques in Mineral Exploration, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., UK. 2. Peters, W.C.(1987) Exploration and Mining Geology (2nd Ed.); John Wiley & Sons, new York.

Other References:

1. D R Caotes. (1981) Environmental Geology. 2. L Lindgren. (1986) Environmental Geology, Prentice Hall Publ. 3. K S Valdiya. (1987) Environmental Geology: Indian Context. Tata McGraw Hill Publ. 4. Carla W Montgomery (1989) Environmental Geology (II Edn.), Wm C Brown Publ. 5. Saxena M. M.(1996) Environmental analyses of water soil and air. 6. Reply, E. A. (1996) Environmental effects of mining.

Page 60 of 60

7. D Merrits, Dewet, A and Menking K.(1998) Environmental Geology, Freeman Publ. 8. Canter L. W. (1998) Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw Hill Publ.

Course

Type

Course


GLC505 Mathematics for Geoscientists 3 0 0 9

Course Objective

The students will appreciate and understand the indispensable mathematical tools as applied to geological

studies.

Learning Outcomes


1. Learn about the basic mathematical concepts and their applications to geology

2. Learn about different statistical methods used for geological data analysis

3. Develop fundamental mathematical skills required for geological interpretation.

Unit


Lecture


1. Relationships between geological variables: Straight

line, Quadratic equations, Polynomial functions,

Negative and Fractional powers, Transcendental

functions

5 Basic mathematical applications

in geosciences

2. Manipulation of equations, Trigonometric functions,

Cartesian coordinates, Matrices

5 Equation manipulation

3. Vectors, Triangular diagrams, Graph theory, Polar

graphs, Projections

5 Vectors, Projections and

introduction to Graph Theory

4. Statistics and Data Analysis: Frequency distribution,

Histograms, Probability, Correlation coefficient,

Regression, Least squares method, Curve fitting, Error

estimation; Principal Component Analysis, Analysis of

Uni-variate and Multi-variate data

7 Applications of statistics to

geological problems

5. Probability distributions, Tests of Significance: Null

hypothesis, Normal test, t-test, Chi-squared test and

F-test; R environment

7 Various tests of significance

6. Applications of Differential Calculus for geological

problems

5 Applications of differential

calculus

7. Applications of Integral Calculus for geological

problems

5 Applications of integral calculus

Recommended Books:

1. David Waltham, 2000. Mathematics: A Simple Tool for Geologists, 2nd Edition, Blackwell

Science, 201p.

2. L.D. Knoring and V.N. Dech, 1993. Mathematics for Geologists, A.A. Balkema, 200p.

Other References: 1. John C. Davis, 2002. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, Wiley, 656p.

D. Marsal and D.F. Merriam, 2014. Statistics for Geoscientists, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 176p

Documents

Course Structure and Syllabi for 5-Year Integrated M. Tech