Counter-Man-Portable AirDefense Systems
James TuttleProgram Manager
U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology
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Briefing Outline• Threat Background • C-MANPADS National Strategy• Program Overview
Status• C-MANPADS Technologies Selected
ObjectivesStrategyKey Challenges and External Factors
• Government and Stakeholder Participation• Contractors’ C-MANPADS Technical Solution• Summary
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• 40 non-terrorist attacks against commercial aircraft (mostly propeller aircraft) in war zones since 1975
• Nov 28, 2002 - SA-7 attack on Israeli jetliner flying from Mombasa—first MANPADS attack on commercial aircraft outside of war zone
• Nov 22, 2003 – MANPADS Attack DHL Airbus A300 Aircraft in Iraq
• Potential for terrorist attack grows as we increase measures to counter onboard bombings and hijackings
• No specific, credible information about planned MANPADS attacks against U.S. commercial interests particularly within CONUS — but remains a concern for the foreseeable future
MANPADS Threat to Commercial Aviation
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National Strategy A Multi-Layered Approach
Non-ProliferationDepartment of State
Tactical OperationsDHS TSA
Counter-MANPADS
Technical CountermeasuresDHS S&T
•Re-engineer and demonstrate technologies to counter threat
CIA - DIA - TSA - FBI
Intelligence
National Airspace SystemFAA
• Global weapons stockpile• Global export controls• Buy-back program
• Airport vulnerability assessments and mitigation plans
• Guidelines for identifying and reporting threats
• Elevated alert guidelines
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Program Status• Initial Solicitation (10-3-03)• Industry Day (10-15-03)• 24 White Papers received (10-27-03)
5 selected to submit full proposals (11-26-03)
• Proposals and oral presentations (12-3 thru 7-03)• 3 contractors awarded OTP Agreements for Phase I (1-6-04)
BAE SystemsNorthrop GrummanUnited Airlines
• System Requirement & Interim Design Reviews Completed• Preliminary Design Reviews - PDR (July 04)• Phase II Down Select (August 04)
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Selected Contractor DesignsProvide Mature Technologies
Laser-based Technologies Expendable-based Technologies
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Program Objectives• Evaluate mature technologies that will best protect commercial
airliners from MANPADS
Balance Life Cycle Cost, Schedule, and Performance
Clarify needs and requirements of the aviationcommunity stakeholders
Provide analysis and data to support decision process• Effectiveness• FAA Certification• Life Cycle Costs (LCC)• Aircraft Integration Issues• Flight Safety• Supportability (reliability/maintainability)
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C-MANPADS Program Acquisition Strategy
• May 2003, DHS/S&T submitted program plan to Congress• Establish Special Program Office to manage program and
supporting technology efforts• Maximize industry participation and innovation in evaluating
mature technologies• Use Other Transaction Prototype Agreements
Encourage participation of “non-traditional” contractors
• 2-year, Two Phase Program Phase 1 - 6 month effort DownselectPhase 2 – 18 month effort
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Phase I Activities• System Requirements Review
System concept and concept of operationsSystem-level requirements analysis
• Interim Design Review • Long-lead Items Identification• Preliminary Design Review – Concludes Phase I
System design to meet commercial aviation protection requirementsAirframe & avionics integration analysis and FAA certification issuesReliability and failure rate analysisOperating and maintenance analysis and trade-off approaches Lifecycle cost analysis [acquisition, integration, operating, andsupport costs]
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Phase II Activities• Critical Design Review
Finalize designs and software developmentFinalize operations and supportability plans and activitiesAnalysis of recurring Operation & Support costsFinalize maintenance approach
• Test Article Design and Development• Aircraft Integration
FAA Certification• Analysis and assessment
System performanceReliability, failure rates, and supportabilityLife-cycle Support Costs
• Test and EvaluationWind Tunnel TestingHardware-in-the-loop testing and reliability & maintainability testingDevelopmental Testing / Flight Testing / Operational Testing
• Finalize training requirements and development of training materials
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Key Challenges Being Addressed by SPO• System Performance Requirements
False Alarm RatesMissile Warning SystemsCountermeasure EffectivenessOperations Concepts
• Aircraft Integration and FAA CertificationMultiple aircraft types, models, and configurationsCost-benefit Weight / Space / PowerDrag and performanceSafety of flight / personnel safetySystem reliability
• SupportabilityReliabilityMaintainabilityTraining
• Test and EvaluationModeling & SimulationHardware in the LoopFlight TestingOperational TestingWind Tunnel
• Security Management ConcernsAnti-tamper coatingsAnti-tamper hardwareZeroizing Software
• NAS integration for emergency notification system
• Criteria for potential deployment options (Civil Reserve Air Fleet; overseas; regional; all)
• Life Cycle Cost analysis
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External Factors Play a Large Role
• White House and Congressional Interest• Media Interest• Economic Issues and Requirements• Geo-political Issues and Requirements• Aviation Certifications (Aircraft and NAS Integration)• Radio Frequency Authorizations (Domestic and International)• Export Compliance • Buy-in from Aviation Community Stakeholders
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Other Government Agencies Play Key Roles• DoD
Current technology and programsScience & Technology LaboratoriesT&E FacilitiesIntelligence
• DoSExport Control and ITAR Compliance
• FAAAircraft integration and certificationNational Airspace System integration
• FCCFrequency allocation / authorization
• TSAIntelligenceAirport Security Operations
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Aviation Community Stakeholders• Aviation Associations
ATA (Air Transport Association)ATCA (Air Traffic Control Association)RTCA (Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics)NCAS (National Center for Aviation Security)ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)IATA (International Air Transport Association)
• MaintainersIBT (International Brotherhood of Teamsters)IAM (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers)AMFA (Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association)TWU (Transport Workers Union)
• UnionsALPA (Airline Pilots Association)NATCA (National Air Traffic Controllers Association)
• GovernmentNTSB (National Transportation Safety Board)
• Commercial Airlines and Cargo CarriersCommercial Aircraft Owners (Leasers)
• Airport Operators and Authorities
• Aircraft ManufacturersBoeingAirbus
• 3rd Party Maintainers and Integrators• Financial Industry
LendersWall StreetInsurance Companies / Adjusters
• Legal Profession / Courts
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Key Technologies• Missile Sensor
(AN/AAQ-54 – AN/AAQ-24(V))
• Pointer/TrackerViper laser
• Fine-Track Sensor
• Laser IR Jamming Energy Source
Legacy• Sensor : 1500 built and fielded
• Point & Track: 267 units built and fielded
• Laser: Viper laser 74 built and fielded
• DIRCM Processor: 267 built and fieldedJamming S/W mature techniques
• Currently Fielded on Military & Special Purpose Large, Transport Aircraft
Missile Detection4 UV MWS
(AN/AAR-54 – AN/AAQ-24(V)
System ProcessorResource Manager
(AN/AAQ-24(V)Key Technology
Is Software
ViperTM Solid StatePPLN Laser
4 Aods – Strap-Down Stabilized
LITENING AT/IndigoInSb 640x512 FTS
Northrop Grumman
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Aircraft Specific Adapter
Common Pod
Sensor
Power
CMD
Sensor data
Message & Data
Power
Power
PowerCMD
CMD/Data
Weight on Wheels
Sensor Data
High-PowerLaser
Pointer/Tracker
Power
Jam Code
LASER Safety
LaserController
Controller
Processor
Sensor
Power
CMD
Sensor data
Message & Data
Power
Power
PowerCMD
CMD/Data
Weight on Wheels
Sensor Data
High-PowerLaser
Pointer/Tracker
Power
Jam Code
LASER Safety
LaserController
Controller
Processor
Key Technologies Legacy• UV Sensor : Missile warning production system for
US/UK military aviation (AN/AAR-57)• Point & Track:
First generation in production for Army and Special Ops aviation (ATIRCM/AN/ALQ-212(V))
Counter-MANPADS version previously developed for F/A-18 (TADIRCM)
• Multi-Band Laser: Production-ready for large aircraft protection
UVSensor
Point &Track
Multi-BandLaser
BAE SystemsCounter-MANPADS System
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United Airlines
Key Technologies• Dual-spectrum Missile Warning w/Data Fusion
UV Passive MWS (AAR-47)RF Active MWS (MWS-20)
• Electronic Warfare Control System• Expendable Countermeasures
Countermeasure Dispenser ALE-47Advanced Decoys (MJU –7/10, 51, 53)
o Low temperature – short burn time
United Airlines
ARINC
Vaisala
ARMTEC
Thales
ATK
L-3 Com
AVISYS, Inc.
AirDat
SAAB
Symetrics
NAWCWD
GTRI
ATK Thoikol
BAE Systems
Alloy Surfaces
Legacy• Sensors:
AAR-47 Multiple installations on commercial and military transport aircraft –over 1000 producedMWS-20 in service on military C130 and commercial A340 aircraft
• Dispensers: Over 2500 installations • Expendables: Advanced decoys developed for
USAF and USN aircraft. Deployed on Head of State aircraft.