Counter-Man-Portable AirDefense Systems

James TuttleProgram Manager

U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology

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Briefing Outline• Threat Background • C-MANPADS National Strategy• Program Overview

Status• C-MANPADS Technologies Selected

ObjectivesStrategyKey Challenges and External Factors

• Government and Stakeholder Participation• Contractors’ C-MANPADS Technical Solution• Summary

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• 40 non-terrorist attacks against commercial aircraft (mostly propeller aircraft) in war zones since 1975

• Nov 28, 2002 - SA-7 attack on Israeli jetliner flying from Mombasa—first MANPADS attack on commercial aircraft outside of war zone

• Nov 22, 2003 – MANPADS Attack DHL Airbus A300 Aircraft in Iraq

• Potential for terrorist attack grows as we increase measures to counter onboard bombings and hijackings

• No specific, credible information about planned MANPADS attacks against U.S. commercial interests particularly within CONUS — but remains a concern for the foreseeable future

MANPADS Threat to Commercial Aviation

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National Strategy A Multi-Layered Approach

Non-ProliferationDepartment of State

Tactical OperationsDHS TSA

Counter-MANPADS

Technical CountermeasuresDHS S&T

•Re-engineer and demonstrate technologies to counter threat

CIA - DIA - TSA - FBI

Intelligence

National Airspace SystemFAA

• Global weapons stockpile• Global export controls• Buy-back program

• Airport vulnerability assessments and mitigation plans

• Guidelines for identifying and reporting threats

• Elevated alert guidelines

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Program Status• Initial Solicitation (10-3-03)• Industry Day (10-15-03)• 24 White Papers received (10-27-03)

5 selected to submit full proposals (11-26-03)

• Proposals and oral presentations (12-3 thru 7-03)• 3 contractors awarded OTP Agreements for Phase I (1-6-04)

BAE SystemsNorthrop GrummanUnited Airlines

• System Requirement & Interim Design Reviews Completed• Preliminary Design Reviews - PDR (July 04)• Phase II Down Select (August 04)

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Selected Contractor DesignsProvide Mature Technologies

Laser-based Technologies Expendable-based Technologies

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Program Objectives• Evaluate mature technologies that will best protect commercial

airliners from MANPADS

Balance Life Cycle Cost, Schedule, and Performance

Clarify needs and requirements of the aviationcommunity stakeholders

Provide analysis and data to support decision process• Effectiveness• FAA Certification• Life Cycle Costs (LCC)• Aircraft Integration Issues• Flight Safety• Supportability (reliability/maintainability)

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C-MANPADS Program Acquisition Strategy

• May 2003, DHS/S&T submitted program plan to Congress• Establish Special Program Office to manage program and

supporting technology efforts• Maximize industry participation and innovation in evaluating

mature technologies• Use Other Transaction Prototype Agreements

Encourage participation of “non-traditional” contractors

• 2-year, Two Phase Program Phase 1 - 6 month effort DownselectPhase 2 – 18 month effort

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Phase I Activities• System Requirements Review

System concept and concept of operationsSystem-level requirements analysis

• Interim Design Review • Long-lead Items Identification• Preliminary Design Review – Concludes Phase I

System design to meet commercial aviation protection requirementsAirframe & avionics integration analysis and FAA certification issuesReliability and failure rate analysisOperating and maintenance analysis and trade-off approaches Lifecycle cost analysis [acquisition, integration, operating, andsupport costs]

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Phase II Activities• Critical Design Review

Finalize designs and software developmentFinalize operations and supportability plans and activitiesAnalysis of recurring Operation & Support costsFinalize maintenance approach

• Test Article Design and Development• Aircraft Integration

FAA Certification• Analysis and assessment

System performanceReliability, failure rates, and supportabilityLife-cycle Support Costs

• Test and EvaluationWind Tunnel TestingHardware-in-the-loop testing and reliability & maintainability testingDevelopmental Testing / Flight Testing / Operational Testing

• Finalize training requirements and development of training materials

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Key Challenges Being Addressed by SPO• System Performance Requirements

False Alarm RatesMissile Warning SystemsCountermeasure EffectivenessOperations Concepts

• Aircraft Integration and FAA CertificationMultiple aircraft types, models, and configurationsCost-benefit Weight / Space / PowerDrag and performanceSafety of flight / personnel safetySystem reliability

• SupportabilityReliabilityMaintainabilityTraining

• Test and EvaluationModeling & SimulationHardware in the LoopFlight TestingOperational TestingWind Tunnel

• Security Management ConcernsAnti-tamper coatingsAnti-tamper hardwareZeroizing Software

• NAS integration for emergency notification system

• Criteria for potential deployment options (Civil Reserve Air Fleet; overseas; regional; all)

• Life Cycle Cost analysis

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External Factors Play a Large Role

• White House and Congressional Interest• Media Interest• Economic Issues and Requirements• Geo-political Issues and Requirements• Aviation Certifications (Aircraft and NAS Integration)• Radio Frequency Authorizations (Domestic and International)• Export Compliance • Buy-in from Aviation Community Stakeholders

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Other Government Agencies Play Key Roles• DoD

Current technology and programsScience & Technology LaboratoriesT&E FacilitiesIntelligence

• DoSExport Control and ITAR Compliance

• FAAAircraft integration and certificationNational Airspace System integration

• FCCFrequency allocation / authorization

• TSAIntelligenceAirport Security Operations

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Aviation Community Stakeholders• Aviation Associations

ATA (Air Transport Association)ATCA (Air Traffic Control Association)RTCA (Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics)NCAS (National Center for Aviation Security)ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)IATA (International Air Transport Association)

• MaintainersIBT (International Brotherhood of Teamsters)IAM (International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers)AMFA (Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association)TWU (Transport Workers Union)

• UnionsALPA (Airline Pilots Association)NATCA (National Air Traffic Controllers Association)

• GovernmentNTSB (National Transportation Safety Board)

• Commercial Airlines and Cargo CarriersCommercial Aircraft Owners (Leasers)

• Airport Operators and Authorities

• Aircraft ManufacturersBoeingAirbus

• 3rd Party Maintainers and Integrators• Financial Industry

LendersWall StreetInsurance Companies / Adjusters

• Legal Profession / Courts

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Northrop Grumman

BAE Systems

United Airlines

Contractors’ C-MANPADS Technical Solution

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Key Technologies• Missile Sensor

(AN/AAQ-54 – AN/AAQ-24(V))

• Pointer/TrackerViper laser

• Fine-Track Sensor

• Laser IR Jamming Energy Source

Legacy• Sensor : 1500 built and fielded

• Point & Track: 267 units built and fielded

• Laser: Viper laser 74 built and fielded

• DIRCM Processor: 267 built and fieldedJamming S/W mature techniques

• Currently Fielded on Military & Special Purpose Large, Transport Aircraft

Missile Detection4 UV MWS

(AN/AAR-54 – AN/AAQ-24(V)

System ProcessorResource Manager

(AN/AAQ-24(V)Key Technology

Is Software

ViperTM Solid StatePPLN Laser

4 Aods – Strap-Down Stabilized

LITENING AT/IndigoInSb 640x512 FTS

Northrop Grumman

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Aircraft Specific Adapter

Common Pod

Sensor

Power

CMD

Sensor data

Message & Data

Power

Power

PowerCMD

CMD/Data

Weight on Wheels

Sensor Data

High-PowerLaser

Pointer/Tracker

Power

Jam Code

LASER Safety

LaserController

Controller

Processor

Sensor

Power

CMD

Sensor data

Message & Data

Power

Power

PowerCMD

CMD/Data

Weight on Wheels

Sensor Data

High-PowerLaser

Pointer/Tracker

Power

Jam Code

LASER Safety

LaserController

Controller

Processor

Key Technologies Legacy• UV Sensor : Missile warning production system for

US/UK military aviation (AN/AAR-57)• Point & Track:

First generation in production for Army and Special Ops aviation (ATIRCM/AN/ALQ-212(V))

Counter-MANPADS version previously developed for F/A-18 (TADIRCM)

• Multi-Band Laser: Production-ready for large aircraft protection

UVSensor

Point &Track

Multi-BandLaser

BAE SystemsCounter-MANPADS System

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United Airlines

Key Technologies• Dual-spectrum Missile Warning w/Data Fusion

UV Passive MWS (AAR-47)RF Active MWS (MWS-20)

• Electronic Warfare Control System• Expendable Countermeasures

Countermeasure Dispenser ALE-47Advanced Decoys (MJU –7/10, 51, 53)

o Low temperature – short burn time

United Airlines

ARINC

Vaisala

ARMTEC

Thales

ATK

L-3 Com

AVISYS, Inc.

AirDat

SAAB

Symetrics

NAWCWD

GTRI

ATK Thoikol

BAE Systems

Alloy Surfaces

Legacy• Sensors:

AAR-47 Multiple installations on commercial and military transport aircraft –over 1000 producedMWS-20 in service on military C130 and commercial A340 aircraft

• Dispensers: Over 2500 installations • Expendables: Advanced decoys developed for

USAF and USN aircraft. Deployed on Head of State aircraft.

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Summary

• Aggressive 2-year Program

• FAA Certified Prototype for Integration and Test

• Provides data on:Performance Cost-Benefit Trade-offsSupportability PlanTotal Ownership Cost

• Provides for Stakeholder Input

Provides for informed decision process