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CONTEXTUAL LEARNING
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INTRODUCTION
You might have touse it in future.
Why do I have tolearn this lesson?
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The Average Child
I dont cause teachers trouble,
my grades have been OK.
I listen in my classes
and Im in school everyday.
My teachers think Im average,
my parents think so too.I wish I didnt know that
cause theres lots Id like to do.
Id like to build a rocket, I have
a book that tells you how,or start a stamp collection-well
theres no use in trying now.
Cause since I found Im average
Im just smart enough you see,
to know there is nothing special
that I should expect of me.
Im part of the majority,
that hump part of the bell,
who spends their life unnoticedin an average kind of hell.
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Failure in helping the students to search thelinkage :
between new information and current
experiences
between school and outside world
between one subject with another subject
between previous knowledge and new
challenges, new challenges with future
responsibilities
What are the
weaknesses of teaching& learning today?
Management and administration burdenson schools and teachers
Examination orientation in educationsystem
Pressure in covering the syllabus Worry that introduction on new elementin the class will increase the burden ofthe teacher
Too restricted to the behavioristteaching style which emphasis onobserved behaviour
What are the threats
in building thelinkage?
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What is Contextual Learning?
Contextual Learning is a learning method which combinesthe content with the individual daily experiences, society
and career. This method is prepared with concrete
hands-on and minds-on learning activities.
Individual daily experience
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Schooling
Career
Life of society
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Contextual Learning Theory
Current Knowledge
New Knowledge
Learning only happens when the students manageto process the information or new knowledgemeaningfully in their mind.
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Culture
Physical Social
Multiple
Contexts
Psychology
The learning will be more effective if the information isdelivered in multiple contexts and is meaningful to the
students.9
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Laboratory
Classroom
Multiple LearningEnvironment
Daily Life
Working Area
Emphasis is needed on multiple learning
environment to produce effective learning.
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For which targeted group of student the contextualapproach MOST suitable?
Average group
13 17 years old
Type of student
more towards on concept of application fond of doing hands-on activities
not confident studying M&S abstractly
technical and vocational schools
daily schools
Studentscharacteristic
Location
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ScienceMathematics
Contextual Approach through multipleknowledge disciplines
Communication
ICTLanguage
Technical and vocational Humanity
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Students involvement in their schoolwork increases significantly when they are taught why they are learning theconcepts and how those concepts can be used outside the classroom. And most students learn much moreefficiently when they are allowed to work cooperatively with other students in groups or teams.
Dan Hull
A curriculum and teaching methodology tied to the childs experiences and interests.
John Dewey
Learning as a complex process that cannot be addressed adequately through drill-oriented, stimulus/responsemethodologies.
Some pedagogy experts view on contextual learning approach
Howard Gardner
The mind seeks meaning through searching for relationships that make sense dan fit with past experiences.
Renate Numella Caine and Geoffrey Caine
Learning tasks that are situated in some meaningful real-world task, or are stimulated through some case-basedor problem-based learning environment.
Jonassen
Suasana pembelajaran yang melibatkan pelbagai pengalaman yang mungkin dalam konteks sosial, budaya,fizikal dan psikologi.
D.A. Kolb
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y on ex ua
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Why contextual aproach is needed inteaching & learning?
Individual maintains the
information effectively through
his own experiences.
Contextual
Learningconsidering thelearning style.
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Individuals
have
multiple
intelligence.
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Learning stylesLearning styles
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Advantage ofTeacher
Student
Learning to:
Industry
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METHODS OF CONTEXTUAL
LEARNING
R
E
Relating(Menghubungkait)
Experiencing(Mengalami)
Belajar dalam kontekspenerokaan,
penemuan dan reka cipta
Belajar dalam konteksmenghubungkaitkan
pengetahuan baru denganpengalaman hidup
A
C
T
Applying(Mengaplikasi)
Cooperating(Bekerjasama)
Transfering(Memindahkan)
Belajar dalam konteksbagaimana pengetahuan atauinformasi boleh digunakan
dalam situasi lain.
Belajar dalam konteks
bekerjasama, memberimaklum balas danberkomunikasi
Belajar dalam kontekspengetahuan sedia ada
dengan menggunakan atau
membina daripada apayang telah diketahui
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Relating (Menghubungkait)
Murid melakukan aktiviti mengutip sampahdi sekitar sekolah untuk menanam sikapcintakan kebersihan. Menerusi pengalaman
ini murid dapat mengaitkan aktiviti yangdilakukan oleh ibu bapa mereka semasamembersihkan kawasan tempat tinggal
mereka setiap hari.
Experiencing (Mengalami)
Murid dibawa ke makmal untuk menyaksikandemontrasi serta membuat latihan amali
menyambungkan wayar kepada plug 3 pin.
Pengalaman ini boleh digunakan di rumahapabila berlakunya situasi di mana wayar plug 3
pin sterika tertanggal.
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Applying (Mengaplikasi)Murid mempelajari teori dan konsep tuas. Mereka dapatmengaplikasikan pengetahuan ini apabila bertemu situasi
di mana sebuah kereta yang tayarnya pancit tidakmempunyai jek. Dengan mengamalkan pengetahuan
yang ada, murid boleh menggunakan konsep tuas untukmenggantikan jek kereta bagi membolehkan penukaran
tayar.
Cooperating (Bekerjasama)
Murid ditugaskan secara berkumpulan untukmenyelesaikan masalah pencemaran alam
menerusi satu aktiviti an memerlukan mereka
berbincang dan bekerjasama dengan ahlikumpulan masing-masing . Hasil yangdiperolehi adalah lebih baik disebabkan merekamenyelesaikan masalah secara bekerjasama.
Transfering (Memindahkan)Murid mempelajari cara untuk mendapatkan suduttegak dengan menggunakan Teorem Pythagoras.Murid boleh memindahkan pengetahuan bahawa
segitiga bersisi 3m, 4m dan 5m akan menghasilkan
sudut tegak dalam aktiviti mengecat garisangelanggang permainan.
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How to implement the contextual
teaching and learning?
MOTIVATION
Introduction
Discussion onissues
T & L Aids UNDERSTANDING Explanation on
classroomdiscussion
Reading
Research
APPLICATIONSKILL
Hands-On
activities
Problemsolving
TURNING BACK
AND ASSESSMENT
Reminding the
main facts
Assessment on
progress
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Students
Learning
Teachers
Teaching
Support from the
SchoolAdministration
Support from the
Society
The main aim of contextual learning is to produce qualifiedstudents. To proceed it, all members involved have to agreewith what is needed to be studied and agree about its
learning strategies. Beside that, supports from the societymight provide the encouragement and sources to help the
students and teachers to make the conducive teaching andlearning becomes reality.
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