Conservation of Umiam Lake and its Catchment using Remote sensing and GIS inputs
25º 3
0’N
25º4
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91º 45’E 91º 55’E
25º 3
0’N
25º4
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91º 45’E 91º 55’E
91º 52’E 91º 54’E
25º4
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25º 3
8’N
25º 3
8’N
25º4
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91º 52’E 91º 54’E
MeghalayaNorth East Region
Umiam catchment Umiam reservoir and its surrounding
STUDY AREA
U2U3
U4
U5
U7
U1
U10
U9
U8
U6
U13
U12U11
25º 3
5’N
25º 3
0’N
91º 45’E 91º 50’E 91º 55’E
25º4
0’N
25º4
0’N
25º 3
5’N
25º 3
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91º 45’E 91º 55’E 91º 50’E
Water body
U1 - U13 Sub-watersheds
SCALEmeter
N
SUB-WATERSHED MAP OF UMIAM CATCHMENT
25º 3
5’N
25º 3
0’N
91º 45’E 91º 50’E 91º 55’E
25º4
0’N
25º4
0’N
25º 3
5’N
25º 3
0’N
91º 45’E 91º 55’E 91º 50’E
N
Pine dense forest
Pine medium denseforest
Pine low dense forest
Mixed dense forest
Mixed medium dense forest
Mixed low dense forest
Settlement
Water body
Abandoned jhum
Grass/Scrub
Gravel stony waste
Agriculture/ current jhum
meterScale
LANDUSE / LAND COVER MAP OF UMIAM CATCHMENT
25º 3
5’N
25º 3
0’N
91º 45’E
91º 45’E
91º 50’E
91º 55’E
91º 50’E
91º 55’E
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25º4
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25º 3
5’N
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91º 45’E 91º 55’E 91º 50’E
3-5%
5-10%
10-15 %
15-25 %
0-3%
25-33 %
33-50 %
>50 %
Water body
Built up area
meterScale
N
DIGITAL SLOPE MAP OF UMIAM CATCHMENT
APPROACHES IN FORMULATING A CONSERVATION PLAN
Referring to the area available at different slopes and land uses a Conservation Plan was formulated for optimum utilization of soil and water resources to sustain productivity of agricultural and forest lands in the following approaches:
1) To control soil loss by means by insitu moisture conservation and runoff management programs such as vegetative
hedges, various check dams, contour trenching, contour bunding etc.
2) To adopt scientific methods of crop production to try and achieve self-sufficiency of food items within the area.
3) To improve degraded lands by covering underAgro-forestry, Horticulture (including indigenous temperate fruit species), cash crop plantations (Tea etc.) and creating protective aforestation etc.
Area of sub-watersheds in ha for different Slopes & Landuse
BROAD BASED LAND USE AND TREATMENT PLAN FOR UMIAM CATCHMENT
25º 3
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25º 3
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91º 45’E 91º 50’E 91º 55’E
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91º 45’E 91º 55’E 91º 50’E
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N
LEGEND
Very low
Low
Medium.
High.
Very high
Water body
meterScale
PRIORITY SUB-WATERSHEDS OF UMIAM CATCHMENT
Land use class (Area in ha)Forest (evergreen/semievergreen, dense/open) 19410.77 17057.75 -2353.03
Open scrub 3265.86 4683.35 1417.48
Built-up 3126.53 3496.22 369.69
2005 2008
MAJOR PROBLEMS
•Shifting cultivation in the form of ‘Bun’, is one of the major problems plaguing the area, inducing severe erosion and reducing the life span of the reservoir
•Improper management of Urban waste results in the accelerated siltation of the reservoir
•Regular forest fires destroy all cover and intensify the soil erosion and siltation problems
Barren forest floor after a forest fireFire ravaged young pines
Uncontrolled quarrying leading to siltation. Urban waste being washed into the reservoir
Problems of Umiam Catchment Area
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