CITY OF MUSEUMSMuseum Cluster as a Manifesto of the toURBANistic Paradigm Shift
Mila Nikolić
TOURbanISM-toURBANISM6th Conference of the International Forum on UrbanismBarcelona, 25-28 January 2012
Director: Jordi Oliveras SamitierTutor: Manel Guàrdia Bassols
Hypothesis
Museum
museographic (programmatic) aspectarchitectural aspect
(to)urbanistic aspect
Hypothetic-deductive method: Logical proof
Museum
ContentArchitecturePlace
Museum cluster
Cultural density (touristic offer)
Place
Empirical-analytical
method : Physical / urban proof
Museum
Place
Location
Museum cluster
Multi-place
LocationUrban formRelations and dynamicsPublic space
Locus genii
1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010CITY AS WORK OF ART Culture in urban development
PRIMEROS MUSEOS PUBLICOS CULTURAL ZONATION FLAGSHIP FACILITIES CREATIVE CITYOPENING OF FIRST PRIVATE COLLECTIONS THE FIRST MUSEUM BOOM CULTURE OF THE COMMUNITIES
AMSTERDAMMUSEMPLEIN pasnjak Amsterdam's second Golden Age klinker put? 96-99 Sven Ingvar AnderssonRijksmuseum 19 Novem1800 as t1807.pre In 1817 the collection was placed on display in1876 dec1885. RM na MP 1906-1901913-1916 South Wing the two courtyards filled with exh. Roo1999 vec 2003-2002007-2009 rekonstConzertgebouw 1881.odlu1883-1888. Conzertgebouw 85-88 res1992 exte1995 interiour fac eliftStedelijk Museum 1895 Stedelijk: A.W. Weissman, gradski arh. 45-54 modernizacija: auditorijum, kafe, medjuspratovi, 12004-2008 stedejlik rekonstrVan Gogh Museum 63-64 pro1969-1973 van Go98-99 dvorisno krilo (Martien van Goo
99 Exhibition Wing by Kisho KuMuseum Overholland / Villa Troostwijk 1986 1990Diamant Museum 07.11.2006.Spiegelkwartier 1900. prv1910. 7 radnjiPieter Cornelisz Hooftstraat
BLAUVE IJScheepvaartsmuseu zgrada iz 1656. 1958 otvaranje 1973. otvaranje 2007-2010NEMO 1997. otv2000. prozvan NEMOARCAM 2003, René van ZuukStedelijk CS / Club 11 2004Muziekgebouwb aan 't Ij/ BIMhuis 2005, Nielsen, Nielsen & NieOpenbare Bibliothek Amsterdam 2007, Jo CoenenConservatorium van Amsterdam 2005-2008?New passenger terminal 2000Chocoladefabriek museum 1880 fab 1887 kraljevski spomenik 2009PanamaLloyd Hotel
BERLIN MUSEUMSINSEL 1999 UNESCO 4.000.000Lustgarten 1826-29 redizajnStadtschloss 1701 pruska kraljevska palata 1871 nemacka carska palata 1918 muzej u vajmarskoj rep1945 2xb1950 sru 64. zgrad73-76 Palast der R1990 zatv2003 uklo2006-07 rusenjeBerliner Dom protestan 1894 1905 75 zapoc84. resta 93. ponovo otvorenaAltes Museum 1830, Schinkel 1945 1966Neues Museum 1859, Stueler 1943,45 1985 2009 zavrsetakAlte Nationalgalerie 1876, Stueler 1949Bode Museum 1904 1951 2000-2006Pergamon Museum 1930 1980-82 nueva ent2000- cuarta ala, UngersJames Simon Gallery 2007?KULTURFORUMNeue Nationalgalerie 1965-1968, Mies van der RoheGemäldegalerie 1998, Heinz Hilmer&Christoph SattlerKupferstichkabinett 1987-92, Rolf GutbrodKunstgewerbemuseum 1868 1978, Rolf GutbrodMusikinstrumenten-Museum 1888 1979/1984, Edgar WisniewskiPhilharmonie 1960-1963, Hans ScharounKammermusiksaal Hans Scharoun, Edgar WisniewskiStaatsbibliothek zu Berlin 1967-1976, Hans Scharoun
CIKAGO MUSEUM CAMPUSField Museum 1920, D.H. Burnham and Company; Graham, Burnham and Company; Graham, Anderson, PAdler Planetarium 1930, Ernest A. Grunsfeld, Junior� Shedd Aquarium 1931, Graham, Anderson, Probst & WhiteSoldier Field 1939, Holabird & RocheCharter One Pavilion 2010
DALLAS ARTS DISTRICTBackdoor Comedy ClubBooker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts 2008The Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art 1998Dallas Center for the Performing Arts (Under construction) 2009 Winspear Opera House 2009 Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre ? City Performance Hall ? Annette Strauss Artist Square - outdoor performance space Elaine D. and Charles A. Sammons Park - 10-acre urban park unifying the venues 2009Dallas Museum of Art 1903 Dal1909 Free Public Art Gallery of Dallas (Fair Park) 1984Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center 1989, I.M.PeiNasher Sculpture Center: Museum + Sculpture Garden 2003, Renzo Piano
FRANKFURTMUSEUMSUFERMuseum für Angewandte Kunst (früher Museum für Kunsthandwerk)/Villa Metzler 1985. Richard MeierMuseum der Weltkulturen (früher Völkerkundemuseum) 1973 prv 1980-tih tri vileDeutsches Filmmuseum 1971 osn 1984Deutsche Architekturmuseum 1984 2001 renoviran i reotvorenMuseum für Kommunikation (früher Bundespostmuseum) 1990Städelsches Kunstinstitut (Städel) 1816. osnovan 1878 schaumanskai rekonstrukcija do 1966, Joh1990. an 1997/99 manja rekonstr.Liebieghaus (Museum alter Plastik) 1896 podignut 1907Museum Giersch 1910 podignuta vila 2000Historisches Museum 50-tih sediste na s 70/tih novo zdanjeJüdisches Museum 1988filiale Judengasse 1987Ikonenmuseum 1988 don 1990 1999 erweiterung
LONDON BRITISH MUSEUM 1753. osnovan, odlukom ParlamentaMontagu House 1754. ku 1759, Montagu House, BloomsburryTownley Gallery 1804-08 1842-46Smirke's Building 1823. projekat 1852, Sir Robert Smirke
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Her
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(198
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5, J
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errit
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astil
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cha
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ituto
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iona
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eoro
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toch
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ardi
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elen
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rum
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riedr
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ovo
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ans
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einr
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oste
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ard y
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ter
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oman
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rt 19
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arce
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ark
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, Rob
ert M
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e19
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isch
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eli
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or M
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lip J
ohns
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an F
olk
Art M
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AND
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irmin
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rgeo
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rios
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1921
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usée
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ux19
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liseo
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1943
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e que
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1973
1987
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ôme
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a17
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arco
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osic
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dial
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illot -
Mus
ée n
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, Pal
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u P
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19
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Pala
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i Bra
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ROTE
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USE
UM
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924
umire
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honi
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n Ho
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es B
runn
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em K
oolh
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n Be
unin
gen
1928
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1934
, des
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ct V
an 1
972
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on w
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3 R
obbr
echt
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atuu
rhis
toris
ch M
Villa
Dijk
zigt
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tot 1
922
woon
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Van
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oken
1930
'fil
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al',
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rsite
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tterd
am19
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-95.
sta
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ano
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MA
Ned
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Arch
itect
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ut19
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o C
oene
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ies'
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uis
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kman
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gt19
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bot
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.W. B
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. Sto
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alac
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ul;tu
ral c
apita
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itte
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ith s
traa
tNe
derla
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Foto
mus
eum
Nieu
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otte
rdam
se C
oura
n199
4 Ho
u20
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itte
de W
ith/T
ENT
1990
gale
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Wal
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Fam
eM
ariti
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useu
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, Wim
Qui
stVe
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ging
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m R
otte
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adki
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ity s
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eH
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risch
Mus
eum
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NGTO
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ASH
ING
TON
MAL
LM
athe
w C
arey
's 18
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ap18
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a m18
40. R
o185
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ndre
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acks
on D
ow18
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s18
93 C
ol19
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ierr
e L'
Enfa
nt18
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ilroa
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rmin
alM
cMilla
n Pl
anFr
eder
ick
Law
Olm
sted
Jr.
Natio
nal M
useu
m o
f Afri
can
Am
eric
an H
isto
ry a
nd C
ultu
re20
03/0
6?
Natio
nal M
useu
m o
f Am
eric
an H
isto
ry19
64,S
tein
man
, Cai
n &
Whi
te
Na
tiona
l Mus
eum
of N
atur
al H
isto
ry19
04, H
ornb
low
er &
Mar
shal
Natio
nal G
alle
ry o
f Art
Scul
ptur
e G
arde
n19
89 c
o n19
99, O
lin P
artn
ersh
ipW
est B
uild
ing
of th
e Na
tiona
l Gal
lery
of A
rt19
3719
41,J
ohn
Russ
ell P
ope
East
Bui
ldin
g of
the
Nat
iona
l Gal
lery
of A
rt19
78,
I.M. P
ei
Unite
d St
ates
Cap
itol:
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Sena
te G
alle
ry18
00.S
en18
11. H
ouse
win
g18
63 N
atio
nal S
tatu
ary
Hall C
olle
ctio
n19
33 re
orga
niza
cion
1976
2a
reor
gani
zaci
on20
08, C
apito
l Vis
itor C
ente
r Un
ited
Stat
es B
otan
ic G
arde
n 18
23Na
tiona
l Mus
eum
of t
he A
mer
ican
Indi
an (n
ote:
imag
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ove
show
s si
te s
till u
nder
con
stru
ctio
n)20
04, D
ougl
as C
ardi
nal
Arm
y M
edic
al M
useu
m >
Nat
iona
l Air
and
S pac
e M
useu
m18
87, A
dolf
Clu
ss19
46 N
atio
nal A
ir M
1969
1976
, Gyo
Oba
ta
Hirs
hhor
n M
useu
m a
nd S
culp
ture
Gar
den
1974
, Gor
don
Bun
shaf
tAr
ts a
nd In
dust
ries
Bui
ldin
g18
81, A
dolf
Clu
ss a
nd P
aul 1
910
> N
HM19
64>
> 19
76 re
open
ed20
04-
Smith
soni
an In
stitu
tion
Build
ing
("Th
e C
astle
")18
55 b
y ar
chite
ct J
ames
Ren
wick
, Jr.,
Free
r G
alle
ry o
f Art
1913
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3, C
harle
s A.
Pla
tt.Ar
thur
M. S
ackle
r G
alle
ry19
87, J
ean
Paul
Car
lhia
nNa
tiona
l Mus
eum
of A
frica
n A
rt19
87, J
ean
Paul
Car
lhia
n
1. Location: The place in time
city center
nexus
between the center and
new growth areas
in the outskirts
out of town
no system
dispersion
system
cluster network, circuits
Place Structurer
2. Urban form: The place in space
URBAN FORM URBAN NETWORK
> Carrier
of contemporary
condition and cohesion, order
and structure
Agua
3. Urban relations and dynamics
Proximity Mixture Interaction Apropriation
power education shopping politics
sport tourism business attractions
regeneration leisure new newroutes
publics
4. Public space
Public sphere: institution > public space (Castells)
Urban aspect of the museum
> MEDIATOR: intermodal / internodal> CONEXIONS> NEW MEANINGS AND ROLES
Micro-urbanismInteriorization of urbanity
Meso-urbanismExteriorization of the museum
AgrupationRelations and processes
Macro-urbanismCohesionIdentityForm and structure
Broadening of the theory
MuseumArchitectural
manifesto
Museum clusterUrban manifesto
Spectacle of architecture
Spectacle of urbanism
Spirit of changes and conexions:between Lutetia Parisorum and the network-city
Meso-urbanism: Museum cluster
ReorientationCluster of museumsMuseum-cluster
acropolis > placeinside
outside: relations with the city
mono multi: diversity uses/users
> intensification
+ maximization> interiorization + exteriorization
Museum
>>
content > publicmuseum < > cityadquisition > use
Micro-urbanism: Museum-cluster
Complexityprogramaticvolumetricurbanistic
Museum as a city
Interiorization of the cityurban
functions
urban spacesdrifts and dynamicsstructure and logic
Reorganization: City as a model
clarity
+ election
Macro-urbanism: City of museums
Polycentric system: Barcelona
XL projects: Paris
XL projects: Valencia
•
Cohesion–
Order
–
Structure–
Identity
•
Change: City as landscape / Museum landscape
Accesibility of culture as urban planning
The 21st Century City connective and transformative tissue
Recommended