Chapter 9
Life in the Industrial Age
New Industrial Powers
• Britian
• USA
• Germany
• Belgium
• France
Undeveloped Nations
• Russia– Poor economy – lack of resources
• Asia – Slow start they did not become Industrialized
until the late 1800’s
Society
• Men and Women and children all worked long hours
• Hazardous conditions
• By 1900’s many laws changed– Shorter hours– Better conditions– Child labor laws put into effect
New Products and Technology
• Increase in demand led to increase in employment
• Increase in employment led to economic growth for many countries
• Western powers came to dominate the economic world
Technology and Industry
• Scientists, engineers and business men worked together to create better more efficient machinery and products– Steel: Bessemer– Chemicals: Nobel– Electricity: Edison, Ladimer and Volta
• Factories– Interchangeable parts – Assembly line
Transportation and Communication
• Steam ships
• Railroad – USA transcontinental – Russia Trans-Siberian
Cars
• Automobile– Otto: internal combustion engine– Benz: (German) first automobile paten-1886
3 wheeled car– Daimler: first four wheeled car- 1887– Ford: 25 mph car and assembly line
production
Planes
• Internal combustion engine used in airplanes by the Wright Brothers-1903
• Many daredevil pilots were flying across water and over mountains
• 1920’s commercial flights
Communication
• Morse: telegraph by using electric currents– 1st Baltimore to DC 1844– 1860 connection between US and Europe
• Bell: patented the telephone 1876
• Marconi: invented the radio 1890’s
Business
• Stocks– Buying on margin
• Corporations used stocks as a way to gain capital– Allowed businesses to grow and companies to
take more risks
Monopolies and “Robber Barons”
• Steel and oil led the way for Monoploies across the world– Germany: Alfred Krupp-steel– USA: John Rockefeller-Standard Oil– USA: Andrew Carnegie- Steel
• 1900’s governments tried to prevent stop monopolies– Not very effectively
Medicine and Population
• Louis Pasteur– Proved the germ theory: microbes can lead to
diseases – Came up with rabies and anthrax vaccines– Pasteurization
• Robert Koch– identified TB
Hygiene and Sanitation
• People started to bath and wash cloths more frequently – Led to decrease in death rates and increase
in survival of infants
• Hospitals– Anesthesia-1840’s
• Experimentation
– Very dirty and dark• Led to many infections
Medical changes
• Florence Nightingale: – insisted on better hygiene in hospitals,
sanitation
• Joseph Lister– Antiseptics – Washing hands
City life
• Positives– Boulevards– Town squares– Department stores– Theaters– Skyscrapers
• Negatives– Tenement housing
City Streets
• Paved streets
• Electric street lights
• Police
• Fire
• Sewage system
• Tourism
Working Class
• Wanted improvements of harsh conditions
• Mutual aid societies:– Help sick and injured
• Pensions
• Retirement programs
• Unions began to spread and become more powerful
Standard of Living
• Skilled laborer earned more than un skilled
• Men earned more than women
• Children were protected
• People eat better
• Better hygiene