Chapter 9

Life in the Industrial Age

New Industrial Powers

• Britian

• USA

• Germany

• Belgium

• France

Undeveloped Nations

• Russia– Poor economy – lack of resources

• Asia – Slow start they did not become Industrialized

until the late 1800’s

Society

• Men and Women and children all worked long hours

• Hazardous conditions

• By 1900’s many laws changed– Shorter hours– Better conditions– Child labor laws put into effect

New Products and Technology

• Increase in demand led to increase in employment

• Increase in employment led to economic growth for many countries

• Western powers came to dominate the economic world

Technology and Industry

• Scientists, engineers and business men worked together to create better more efficient machinery and products– Steel: Bessemer– Chemicals: Nobel– Electricity: Edison, Ladimer and Volta

• Factories– Interchangeable parts – Assembly line

Transportation and Communication

• Steam ships

• Railroad – USA transcontinental – Russia Trans-Siberian

Cars

• Automobile– Otto: internal combustion engine– Benz: (German) first automobile paten-1886

3 wheeled car– Daimler: first four wheeled car- 1887– Ford: 25 mph car and assembly line

production

Planes

• Internal combustion engine used in airplanes by the Wright Brothers-1903

• Many daredevil pilots were flying across water and over mountains

• 1920’s commercial flights

Communication

• Morse: telegraph by using electric currents– 1st Baltimore to DC 1844– 1860 connection between US and Europe

• Bell: patented the telephone 1876

• Marconi: invented the radio 1890’s

Business

• Stocks– Buying on margin

• Corporations used stocks as a way to gain capital– Allowed businesses to grow and companies to

take more risks

Monopolies and “Robber Barons”

• Steel and oil led the way for Monoploies across the world– Germany: Alfred Krupp-steel– USA: John Rockefeller-Standard Oil– USA: Andrew Carnegie- Steel

• 1900’s governments tried to prevent stop monopolies– Not very effectively

Medicine and Population

• Louis Pasteur– Proved the germ theory: microbes can lead to

diseases – Came up with rabies and anthrax vaccines– Pasteurization

• Robert Koch– identified TB

Hygiene and Sanitation

• People started to bath and wash cloths more frequently – Led to decrease in death rates and increase

in survival of infants

• Hospitals– Anesthesia-1840’s

• Experimentation

– Very dirty and dark• Led to many infections

Medical changes

• Florence Nightingale: – insisted on better hygiene in hospitals,

sanitation

• Joseph Lister– Antiseptics – Washing hands

City life

• Positives– Boulevards– Town squares– Department stores– Theaters– Skyscrapers

• Negatives– Tenement housing

City Streets

• Paved streets

• Electric street lights

• Police

• Fire

• Sewage system

• Tourism

Working Class

• Wanted improvements of harsh conditions

• Mutual aid societies:– Help sick and injured

• Pensions

• Retirement programs

• Unions began to spread and become more powerful

Standard of Living

• Skilled laborer earned more than un skilled

• Men earned more than women

• Children were protected

• People eat better

• Better hygiene