Cellular Respiration: Food EnergyRespiration= “Breathe”
Energy released in cells with oxygen
Photosynthesis: Making Chemical Energy
calorie: the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. The Calorie (capital C) that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories
In order to measure how much energy there is in food, scientists burn the food in the presence of oxygen in a test tube, and see how much energy is released to make 1 gram of water raise 1 degree Celsius.
Cellular Respiration: Energy & Oxygen
Cellular Respiration: process in mitochondria that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in presence of oxygen
Formula for Cell Respiration:
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + EnergyFormula for Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration is just the
opposite of Photosynthesi
s
Cell respiration: Making Chemical Energy
The activities of the cell powered by chemical fuels
like Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) has structure similar to ATP but with only 2 phosphate groups
POWER!
Review (don’t copy):
Online activitiy 7.3
Cell respiration: Making Chem Energy
Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
Plants
Glucose (food) from Photosynthesis made in
Chloroplast
Formula for Photosynthesis:6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Food energy for cellsDuring Cell Respiration inMitochondria
Formula for Cell Respiration:6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Animals
Food Digested, molecules enterBodies cells
Food energy for cellsDuring Cell Respiration inMitochondria
Formula for Cell Respiration:6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Don’t copy this
Cellular Respiration: Energy & Oxygen
1st Step in Cell Respiration: Glycolysis- where 1 molecule of glucose broken in ½
into 2 molecules pyruvic acid and 4 molecules of ATP outside mitochondria (2 used initially)
Glycolysis: Review
Anaerobic: process that does not require oxygenFermentation happens after Glycolysis when there is no oxygen.
During Glycolysis, 2 ATP are used up, then 4 high-energy electrons passes to NAD+ to make NADH to hold the electrons, and add 2 phosphate groups, which makes 4 ADP into 4 ATP molecules and results in 2 pyruvic acids. This process is fast, but can only process until all of the electrons are taken up.
FermentationFermentation: releases energy from food
molecules by producing ARP in the absence of oxygen.
Alcoholic Fermentaiton:• Pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
2 pyruvates turn into lactate each
While NADH releases an electron to
Become NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation:• Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+
2 pyruvic acids turn into Acetaldehyde each releasing carbon dioxide and then acetaldehyde turns into ethyl alcohol. The Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are released as wastes. As this is going on, NADH releases an electron to become NAD+
Cellular Respiration: Energy & Oxygen
2nd Step in CR: Krebs Cycle- in mitochondria pyruvic acid is
broken into four C02; cycle produces 2 molecules of ATP
Krebs cycle
This goes on twice because there are 2 pyruvic acid molecules produced from glycolysis
Aerobic: process that requires oxygen.
Pyruvic acid adds 3 molecules of H2O, and releases a CO2 and adds an electron to NAD+ making NADH. This forms Acetyl CoA which has 2 carbons. Acetyle CoA combines with a 4 carbon compound forming citric acid. Citric acid is broken down into a 5 carbon compound by releasing 2 CO2, electrons join NAD+ and FAD making NADH and FADH2, one ATP is generated by adding a P group to ADP.
Cellular Respiration: Energy & OxygenLast step in CR:
Electron Transport Chain- in mitochondria inner membrane using electrons from Krebs cycle to convert ADP into 34 ATP’s
Electron transport chainCopy #s 1 - 5
Energy Released in ATP formGlycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose and that is without oxygen.In the presence of oxygen. The Krebs cycle and the Electron transport chain and ATP synthase action, it makes about 34 ATP molecules. The 36 ATP molecules the cell makes per glucose represent about 38% of the total energy of glucose.
Cellular Respiration Overview
Glycolysis Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation: YeastsProduce = alcohol + CO2
And NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation:Rapid exercise, body can’t
supply enough O2 for ATP, buildUp in muscles, breath heavy =
lactic acid and NAD+
Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain
No Oxygen
Oxyg
en
Req
uired
For long term exercise, the body uses cellular respiration to produce energy
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