1
Research and Strategies
for Less Noise in Europe
ConferenceBrussels
1st - 2nd Oct. 2007
CALM and its Noise Research
Strategy Plan
Alfred Rust
AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria
2
� About CALM
� CALM Strategy Plan on Future Noise Research
� Conclusions
Contents
3
� Coordination Action in FP6funded by DG Research
� CALM II
About CALM
CALM II - Overview (1/2)
� Based on FP5 Thematic NetworkCALM (I) - Community NoiseResearch Strategy Plan
- lasting: 1st Oct. 2001 - 31st Oct. 2004
- resulting in: Strategy Paper 2004Research for a
Quieter Europe in 2020
� Time of CALM II: 1st Nov. 2004 - 31st Oct. 2007
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� Overall Objectives
Project Data Baseon CALM Website:
www.calm-network.com
� Encouragement & coordination of European transport noise research
(→→→→ intensive networking + sectoral integration)
� EU-wide dissemination and exploitation of results
(→→→→ meetings, papers, presentations, brochures, newsletters ...)
� Updating of the CALM Noise Research Strategy Plan (with
involvement of all stakeholders) and CALM Project Data Base
Strategy Paper Update Feb. 2007(available only electronically on CALMwebsite)
Next printed update available onCALM II Conference, Brussels, 1-2 Oct. 2007
About CALM
CALM II - Overview (2/2)
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� In the past, only little improvement in EU noise exposure levels
despite:
� increasingly stringent legislation on noise sources
� considerable effort and progress in noise control by industry
� Therefore, in 1996, EU Green Paper on Future Noise Policy ����
���� start of extended “knowledge-based” approach by EU ����
���� Environmental Noise Directive in 2002
� Needs for further research in environmental noise
���� CALM Noise Research Strategy Plan
(initiated & funded by DG Research)
� CALM visionary goal for development of noise research targets
until 2020:
“avoid harmful effects of noise exposure from all sources and
preserve quiet areas”
Future Noise Research
Environmental Noise in Europe
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� Reception-Related Targets (proposed by Expert Groups)
as Reference for Future Research
Target Class Lday (dBA) Lnight (dBA) Expert Group
Minimum Target 65 55UBA(German Federal Environmental Agency)
Medium Target 55 45 WHO
Optimum Target 50 40 Dutch Ministry VROM, UBA
Cost-Benefit Analysis ���� use of optimum targets ���� promoting vehicle noise
control at sources
(i.e. “global measures”)
Future Noise Research
Research Reference Targets
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CALM I Network
CALMStrategy Paper
Oct. 2004
CALM II Network
CALMWorkshops with
Stakeholders
ETPs
European Technology Platforms
(ACARE, ERRAC,ERTRAC, …)
CALM Strategy Paper UpdateFeb. 2007 / Sep. 2007
(mainly about noise from air, rail and road transport and
from outdoor equipment)
Future Noise Research
Development of Strategy Plan
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Perception-RelatedResearch
CALM Strategy Paper Update
Feb. 2007 / Sep. 2007
Emission-Related Research
Road Traffic Noise
Railway Noise
Air Traffic Noise
Noise from
Outdoor Equipment
Future Noise Research
Research Areas of Strategy Plan
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Perception-Related Research
• Advanced computation and measure-
ment methods for more accurate
assessment of noise exposure
• Definition and identification of urban
and rural quiet areas
• Improvements in dose-effect
relationships for Lden and Lnight
• Additional noise indicators considering
specific effects
• Advanced methods of cost-benefit
assessment
• Combined effects between air pollution
and noise
• Improvement and extension of noise
valuation method
• Improved or new socio-economic
instruments to promote efficient noise
abatement
Emission-Related Research
� Noise from Outdoor Equipment
• Identification of most suitable noise-relevant parameters
• Correlation between noise emission, performance parameters and real operation nuisance
• Improved regulation related to noise emission
• Effect of single and combined noise sources on noise perception
• In-use compliance
� Road Traffic Noise
• … (���� next slides)
� Railway Noise
• … (���� next slides)
� Air Traffic Noise
• … (���� next slides)
Future Noise Research
Main Research Needs
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Quiet RoadSurfaces
Low-Noise
Tyres
Vehicle
Driving
Behaviour
Traffic (Flow)
Management
Year 2000 2005
2015
2010
2020
Alternative powertrains (esp. for urban services)
Sophisticated models & network systems
Cleaning & maintenance techniques
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.
Implementation Implementation
Low idle and acceleration noise (trucks and buses)
Low-noise light-weight structures (powertrain and vehicle)
Quiet structures for engine / gearbox (high damping, …)
Advanced control of orifice noise (exhaust, intake)
Thermal management for more efficient encapsulation / shielding
Electronic support by intelligent transmission, engine management, ...
Efficient training programmes for quieter driving styles (esp. for PTWs)
Design, material, production technologies (esp. quiet dense surfaces for urban areas)
New concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDV
Optimisation of tyre / road surface combination
Research Targets:(ERTRAC)
up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic Situation
Quiet RoadSurfaces
Low-Noise
Tyres
Vehicle
Driving
Behaviour
Traffic (Flow)
Management
Year 2000 2005
2015
2010
2020
Alternative powertrains (esp. for urban services)
Sophisticated models & network systems
Cleaning & maintenance techniquesCleaning & maintenance techniques
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.
Implementation Implementation
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.
Implementation Implementation
Low idle and acceleration noise (trucks and buses)
Low-noise light-weight structures (powertrain and vehicle)
Quiet structures for engine / gearbox (high damping, …)
Advanced control of orifice noise (exhaust, intake)
Thermal management for more efficient encapsulation / shielding
Electronic support by intelligent transmission, engine management, ...
Efficient training programmes for quieter driving styles (esp. for PTWs)
Design, material, production technologies (esp. quiet dense surfaces for urban areas)
New concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDVNew concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDV
Optimisation of tyre / road surface combinationOptimisation of tyre / road surface combination
Research Targets:(ERTRAC)
up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic SituationResearch Targets:(ERTRAC)
up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic Situationmost
important
Road Traffic Noise:
Targets and Research Road Map
11
Traction
Equipm. Noise
Aero-dynamic
Noise
Year 2000 2005
2015
2010
2020Homologation
Phase of LL Blocks
Rolling
Noise
Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)
Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)
Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)
Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)
Quiet diesel engines
Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks
Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.Implementation Implementation
Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)
Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)
Control of brake screech
Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)
Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )
Brake Noise
Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)
Research Targets:(ERRAC)
69 – 72 dBA for Freight Trains →→→→ up to 20 dB Reduction
83 dBA for High Speed Trains →→→→ up to 8 dB Reduction
Traction
Equipm. Noise
Aero-dynamic
Noise
Year 2000 2005
2015
2010
2020Homologation
Phase of LL Blocks
Rolling
Noise
Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)
Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)
Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)
Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)
Quiet diesel engines
Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks
Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.Implementation Implementation
Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)
Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)
Control of brake screech
Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)
Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )
Brake Noise
Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)
Traction
Equipm. Noise
Aero-dynamic
Noise
Year 2000 2005
2015
2010
2020Homologation
Phase of LL Blocks
Homologation
Phase of LL Blocks
Rolling
Noise
Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)
Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)
Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)
Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)
Quiet diesel enginesQuiet diesel engines
Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocksRetrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks
Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.Implementation Implementation
Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:
< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.Implementation Implementation
Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)
Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)
Control of brake screechControl of brake screech
Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)
Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )
Brake Noise
Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)
Research Targets:(ERRAC)
69 – 72 dBA for Freight Trains →→→→ up to 20 dB Reduction
83 dBA for High Speed Trains →→→→ up to 8 dB Reduction
Research Targets:(ERRAC)
69 – 72 dBA for Freight Trains →→→→ up to 20 dB Reduction
83 dBA for High Speed Trains →→→→ up to 8 dB Reduction
most important
Railway Noise:
Targets and Research Road Map
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- New VSTOL Concepts
- 2nd Generation NAPs
(new AC & ATM systems)
- Proven Management
Practices
10dB
Reduction
per Aircraft
Operation
65 LDEN
at AirportBoundaries &50% Vertiport
FootprintReduction
TheQuiet
Aircraft
TheRotorcraft
of the
Future
Noise
AbatementProcedures
CommunityImpact
Management
- Low Noise Aircraft
Architectures
- Low Noise Powerplant
Architectures
- Engine, Nacelle and
Airframe Integration
- Active / Adaptive Concepts
- High Speed Aircraft
- Low Noise Aircraft
Architectures
- Low Noise Powerplant
Architectures
- Engine, Nacelle and
Airframe Integration
- Active / Adaptive Concepts
- High Speed Aircraft
- Significant Improvements
in AeroAcoustic Design
- Active Rotor
- Tilt Rotor Demonstrator
- 2nd Generation NAPs
(new AC & ATM systems)
- Social Assessment of
Noise Impact Models
- Engine & Airframe Low
Noise Component
Design
- Nacelle Passive Noise
Reduction Systems
- Evolutionary Improvements
in AeroAcoustic Design
- Quiet Main Rotor
- Quiet Anti-Torque system
- Quiet Engine
- Quiet HC Integration
- 1st Generation NAPs
(current concepts)
- Pilot Aids
- Real Time Noise Footprint
Assessment & Numerical
AeroAcoustic Simulation
- Prospective Noise Impact
Studies
- Validated Airport Noise
Capacity Models & Tools(incl.
Modeling of Environmental.
Interdependencies)
GoalsSolutions Contributors
2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005
- New VSTOL Concepts
- 2nd Generation NAPs
(new AC & ATM systems)
- Proven Management
Practices
10dB
Reduction
per Aircraft
Operation
65 LDEN
at AirportBoundaries &50% Vertiport
FootprintReduction
TheQuiet
Aircraft
TheRotorcraft
of the
Future
Noise
AbatementProcedures
CommunityImpact
Management
- Low Noise Aircraft
Architectures
- Low Noise Powerplant
Architectures
- Engine, Nacelle and
Airframe Integration
- Active / Adaptive Concepts
- High Speed Aircraft
- Low Noise Aircraft
Architectures
- Low Noise Powerplant
Architectures
- Engine, Nacelle and
Airframe Integration
- Active / Adaptive Concepts
- High Speed Aircraft
- Significant Improvements
in AeroAcoustic Design
- Active Rotor
- Tilt Rotor Demonstrator
- 2nd Generation NAPs
(new AC & ATM systems)
- Social Assessment of
Noise Impact Models
- Engine & Airframe Low
Noise Component
Design
- Nacelle Passive Noise
Reduction Systems
- Evolutionary Improvements
in AeroAcoustic Design
- Quiet Main Rotor
- Quiet Anti-Torque system
- Quiet Engine
- Quiet HC Integration
- 1st Generation NAPs
(current concepts)
- Pilot Aids
- Real Time Noise Footprint
Assessment & Numerical
AeroAcoustic Simulation
- Prospective Noise Impact
Studies
- Validated Airport Noise
Capacity Models & Tools(incl.
Modeling of Environmental.
Interdependencies)
GoalsSolutions Contributors
2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005 2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005
(ACARE 2007)
most
important
Air Traffic Noise:
Targets and Research Road Map
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� Future significant reduction of environmental noise requires a
well-balanced portfolio of research in both perception-related
items and source-related topics
� Research in the field of noise perception shall contribute to
� further develop and transpose the Environmental Noise Directive
� improve the assessment of exposure to noise
� enhance the knowledge on health effects and socio-economic
aspects
� Source-related research has to focus on
� improving and adapting regulations closer to real world situations
� developing noise reduction technologies and abatement procedures
towards higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness
Conclusions
14
Research and Strategies
for Less Noise in Europe
ConferenceBrussels
1st - 2nd Oct. 2007
CALM and Its Noise Research Strategy Plan
Alfred Rust
AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria
Thank youfor your attention !