Brazil: Environment, Society and Politics
by Rafa Art
Agenda
Introduction
From discovery to pre industrialization
Modern Times and Impacts
– Years 1910-1960
– Years 1970- 2010
Conclusion
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Introduction
Brazil experienced changing of control
Environmental impacts
Society transformation
Cultural transformation and impacts
Coffee - 1935. Cândido Portinari Workers – 1923. Tarcila do Amaral
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From discovery to pre
industrialization
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From discovery to pre industrialization
• Portuguese X Indians
Impacts
Resource
Communication
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From discovery to pre industrialization
• Exploration of Pau-brasil at the beginning of the 15th century
Uncontrolled extraction, by
French
Beginning of law enforcement1516 - 1534
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From discovery to pre industrialization
• Village of São Vicente 1532
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From discovery to pre industrialization
Cultural change – news possibilities
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From discovery to pre industrialization
• African Slaves - 1538
• Napoleon Bonaparte - 1808
• Law Aurea - Imperial Law N° 3,353 - 1888
• Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca Brazil Republic -
1889
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From discovery to pre industrialization
Emigration –multicultural country
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Modern Times and its
impacts
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Modern Times and its impacts
The plus period
+ People
+ Development
+ Impacts
+ Laws
+ Corruption
+ Emigration | Imigration
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Modern Times and its
impacts - Years 1910-1960
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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960
rises by over 300% - from 1900 to 1960: 17 million to over 70 million.
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• New Urban Centers
• More environmental impacts
• Cycle Rubber and Coffee
• Brasilia – new Capital
• Increase of CO2 emission – Development
• Immigration
• Agriculture to Industrialization
• Law Enforcement
Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960
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12/31/1901
12/31/1913
12/31/1918
12/31/1929
12/31/1932
12/31/1940
12/31/1944
12/31/1947
12/31/1960
12/31/1965
12/31/1969
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000 Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes)
1 2 3 4
5
6
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• 26th of July of 1911 – Creation of the first Forest Reserve of Brazil
• 01st January 1916 - Promulgated the Civil Code of the United States of Brazil that, amongst its diverse disposals, enclosed questions of ambient nature
• 1934 – Water Code, Hunting and Fich Code, Forest Code are enacted
• 29th March 1940 - Mine Code enacted.
Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960
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State of São Paulo – 1500 to 1952
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Modern Times and its impacts
- Years Years 1970- 2010
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Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1970- 2010
• Increased of GDP
• Environmental Issues– Oil and Others
• Public Politics
• Development – Infrastructure
• Social Movements
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Brazil GPD
U.S. $ 42.33 billion
U.S. $ 2.143 trillion
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Comparative environmental occurrences from 1991 to 2010
Drought
sudden flood
storm
gradual flood
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Comparative environmental events between decades
DroughtSuddenFlood
GradualFlood
Hailstorm
FrostStorm
Tornado Forestfire
Mass Movement
Fluvial Erosion
LinearErosion
Marine Erosion
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Affected by disaster
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Killed by type of disaster
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State of São Paulo – 1973 to 2000
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Public Politics• 30th October 1973 - Special Secretariat of Environment (SEMA) • 14th August 1975 - Rules created to regulate industrial pollution• 21th September 1979 - Decree approved regulation of the Brazilian
National Parks• 2nd July 1980 - Determined the basic lines of direction for the
industrial zoning in critical areas of pollution• 27th April 1981 - Created the Law nº 6.902, 27th April 1981,
created the Ecological Stations and the Environmentally Protected Zone
• 2nd September 1981 -National Politic of the Environment (PNMA), that it has the objective to preservation, improvement and recovery of the propitious ambient quality to the life
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Public Politics
• 01st June 1983 - The Natural Environmental Council (CONAMA) was created. Frist resolution on 1986 - redefined the concept of Ambient Impact and institutes criteria on the Study of Environmental impact (EIA) and the Environmental impact report (RIMA).
• 12th October 1988 - Program of Defense of the Ecosystem Complex of the Legal Amazonian called Program Our Nature.
• October 1988 - Government promulgates new constitution that explicitly gives citizens environmental rights.
• 22th February 1989 - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)
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Public Politics
• 27th October 1994 - Decree approved the Regulation of National Forests
• 8th January 1997 - Federal Water Law (Law No. 9433) is enacted. It establishes the National Water Resources Policy and National System for Water Resources
• 17th July 2000 - Creation of the National Water Agency (ANA)• 2nd August 2010 - National Politics of Solid Wast – deadline August
2014.
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Development – Infrastructure
• Angra, in 1971 – nuclear power• Trans-Amazon Highway• Polocentro at brazilian cerrado in 1975• Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant in 1975 to 1982• Belo Monte dam
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Deforestation in the Amazon
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Original coverage of the Cerrado and Map the Current Remaining
BeforeAfter 2012
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Brazilian Hydroelectric Potential and Plan
In Operation
Under Construction
Planned
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Some effects of construction of Jirau/RO and Porto Velho/RO Hydroelectric
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Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes) – from 1901 to 2006
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Brazil Wind Capacity
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Brazil Solar Capacity
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Conclusion
• Issues– Society – Environmental– Corruption– Development– Energy– Education– Gender
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Thanks for the attention!!Hajimemashite
fb.com/rafael.art [email protected]
www. agendasustentabilidade.com.br