Brazil environment, society and politics

Brazil: Environment, Society and Politics

by Rafa Art

Agenda

Introduction

From discovery to pre industrialization

Modern Times and Impacts

– Years 1910-1960

– Years 1970- 2010

Conclusion

Jul/14 | Rafa Artwww.agendasustentabilidade.com.br

http://www.agendasustentabilidade.com.br/


Introduction

Brazil experienced changing of control

Environmental impacts

Society transformation

Cultural transformation and impacts

Coffee - 1935. Cândido Portinari Workers – 1923. Tarcila do Amaral




From discovery to pre

industrialization





• Portuguese X Indians

Impacts

Resource

Communication





• Exploration of Pau-brasil at the beginning of the 15th century

Uncontrolled extraction, by

French

Beginning of law enforcement1516 - 1534





• Village of São Vicente 1532





Cultural change – news possibilities





• African Slaves - 1538

• Napoleon Bonaparte - 1808

• Law Aurea - Imperial Law N° 3,353 - 1888

• Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca Brazil Republic -

1889





Emigration –multicultural country




Modern Times and its

impacts




Modern Times and its impacts

The plus period

+ People

+ Development

+ Impacts

+ Laws

+ Corruption

+ Emigration | Imigration




Modern Times and its

impacts - Years 1910-1960




Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1910-1960

rises by over 300% - from 1900 to 1960: 17 million to over 70 million.




• New Urban Centers

• More environmental impacts

• Cycle Rubber and Coffee

• Brasilia – new Capital

• Increase of CO2 emission – Development

• Immigration

• Agriculture to Industrialization

• Law Enforcement





12/31/1901

12/31/1913

12/31/1918

12/31/1929

12/31/1932

12/31/1940

12/31/1944

12/31/1947

12/31/1960

12/31/1965

12/31/1969

-

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

90,000,000 Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes)

1 2 3 4

5

6




• 26th of July of 1911 – Creation of the first Forest Reserve of Brazil

• 01st January 1916 - Promulgated the Civil Code of the United States of Brazil that, amongst its diverse disposals, enclosed questions of ambient nature

• 1934 – Water Code, Hunting and Fich Code, Forest Code are enacted

• 29th March 1940 - Mine Code enacted.





State of São Paulo – 1500 to 1952




Modern Times and its impacts

- Years Years 1970- 2010




Modern Times and its impacts – Years 1970- 2010

• Increased of GDP

• Environmental Issues– Oil and Others

• Public Politics

• Development – Infrastructure

• Social Movements




Brazil GPD

U.S. $ 42.33 billion

U.S. $ 2.143 trillion




Comparative environmental occurrences from 1991 to 2010

Drought

sudden flood

storm

gradual flood




Comparative environmental events between decades

DroughtSuddenFlood

GradualFlood

Hailstorm

FrostStorm

Tornado Forestfire

Mass Movement

Fluvial Erosion

LinearErosion

Marine Erosion




Affected by disaster




Killed by type of disaster




State of São Paulo – 1973 to 2000




Public Politics• 30th October 1973 - Special Secretariat of Environment (SEMA) • 14th August 1975 - Rules created to regulate industrial pollution• 21th September 1979 - Decree approved regulation of the Brazilian

National Parks• 2nd July 1980 - Determined the basic lines of direction for the

industrial zoning in critical areas of pollution• 27th April 1981 - Created the Law nº 6.902, 27th April 1981,

created the Ecological Stations and the Environmentally Protected Zone

• 2nd September 1981 -National Politic of the Environment (PNMA), that it has the objective to preservation, improvement and recovery of the propitious ambient quality to the life




Public Politics

• 01st June 1983 - The Natural Environmental Council (CONAMA) was created. Frist resolution on 1986 - redefined the concept of Ambient Impact and institutes criteria on the Study of Environmental impact (EIA) and the Environmental impact report (RIMA).

• 12th October 1988 - Program of Defense of the Ecosystem Complex of the Legal Amazonian called Program Our Nature.

• October 1988 - Government promulgates new constitution that explicitly gives citizens environmental rights.

• 22th February 1989 - Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)




Public Politics

• 27th October 1994 - Decree approved the Regulation of National Forests

• 8th January 1997 - Federal Water Law (Law No. 9433) is enacted. It establishes the National Water Resources Policy and National System for Water Resources

• 17th July 2000 - Creation of the National Water Agency (ANA)• 2nd August 2010 - National Politics of Solid Wast – deadline August

2014.




Development – Infrastructure

• Angra, in 1971 – nuclear power• Trans-Amazon Highway• Polocentro at brazilian cerrado in 1975• Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant in 1975 to 1982• Belo Monte dam




Deforestation in the Amazon







Original coverage of the Cerrado and Map the Current Remaining

BeforeAfter 2012







Brazilian Hydroelectric Potential and Plan

In Operation

Under Construction

Planned




Some effects of construction of Jirau/RO and Porto Velho/RO Hydroelectric







Yearly CO2 Emissions (tonnes) – from 1901 to 2006




Brazil Wind Capacity




Brazil Solar Capacity




Conclusion

• Issues– Society – Environmental– Corruption– Development– Energy– Education– Gender




Thanks for the attention!!Hajimemashite

fb.com/rafael.art [email protected]

www. agendasustentabilidade.com.br

