A Study of Physical Properties
BONDiTTM
B-45TH
Epoxy
adhesives, sealants & coatings for harsh environments RELTEK
2
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 Table 1. Summary of experiments performed on B-45TH epoxy. ..................................................... 4
2. Glass Transition by TMA Method ................................................................... 5 Figure1. Glass transition profiles ...................................................................................................... 5
3. Outgassing .................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2. Uncured B-45TH Outgassing ........................................................................................... 6
Table 2. Percent weight loss as a function of curing method .......................................................... 7
Figure 3. Graph of epoxy outgassing profiles .................................................................................. 7
Figure 4. Isothermal Cure Weight Loss ............................................................................................. 8
4. Degree of Cure ............................................................................................... 9 Figure 5. DSC Uncured B-45TH ....................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6. DSC Cured B-45TH ......................................................................................................... 10
Figure 7. Extent of completion of curing as a function of cure method ....................................... 11
Table 3. Specific heats of cured epoxy and uncured epoxy ............................................................ 11
5. Environmental Test ....................................................................................... 12
Figure 8. Weight lost for test runs after 4 days in an 85/85 chamber ............................................ 12
Table 4. Percent weight loss of three curing methods after a 85/85 humidity test ....................... 12
6. Moisture Absorption .................................................................................... 13
Figure 9. Moisture Absoprtion ....................................................................................................... 13
7. Oil Absorption ............................................................................................. 14
Figure 10. Oil Absoprtion .............................................................................................................. 14
8. Contribution of Solids Content .................................................................... 15
Figure 11. Pyrolization profiles of the resin, hardener, and epoxy .................................................. 15
Table 5. Percent weight loss of epoxy materials and epoxy heated to 500°C for ½-hour .............. 15
9. Surface Energy of Cured Material ................................................................. 16
Figure 12. plot of the contact angle water on B-45TH ................................................................. 16
10. Mechanical Properties ................................................................................ 17
Figure 13. Joint strength of 20 samples of static and hand mixed epoxy ..................................... 17
Table 6. Tensile Strength ................................................................................................................. 18
Table 7. Static Fatigue and Tear Strength ....................................................................................... 19
Table 8. Velocity of Sound, Density, Thermal Conductivit, Coefficicient of Thermal Expansion ..... 19
Table 9. Lapshear Test per ASTM D3163 Lapshear test: ASTM D3163; all values mean. .............. 20
Table 10. Peel Test per ASTM D638 ................................................................................................ 21
11. Bead Length from 50 ml Dual Cartiridge Through Static Mixer ................. 22
Figure 14. Bead Lengths from 50 ml Cartridges of B-45TH Through Six Inch Static Mixer ........... 22
Figure 15. Bead Lengths from 50 ml Cartridges of B-45TH Through Six Inch Static Mixer ........... 22
October 20, 2004 / Rev A
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
3
1. Introduction A study of the physical and mechanical properties of B-45TH and B-45
was carried out in order to better understand potential applications of
the two-part epoxy system.
TMA, TGA and DSC were used to study the effect of curing method
and mixing technique on several important physical property
characteristics. Table 1 summarizes the experiments that were
performed.
Analysis of the physical properties of B-45TH included for the resin
mixed with a static mixer1 and by hand mix2:
• Comparing the glass transition temperature of a hand mixed Vs a static mixed sample,
• The outgassing behavior of the epoxy using three curing methods and outgassing under elevated operational temperatures,
• The extent of curing reaction as a function of curing method,
• Environmental test of 85RH / 85°C with three curing methods,
• Moisture absorption, (hand mix)
• Oil absorption, (hand mix)
• Percent solid of hand mix epoxy compared to a static mix,
• Contact angle relative to static mix and hand mix,
• Joint strength relative to static mix and hand mix.
Other tests included:
• Tensile strength, (hand mix)
• Static fatigue strength, (hand mix)
• Tear strength, (hand mix)
• Velocity of sound, (hand mix)
• Thermal conductivity, (hand mix)
• Coefficient of thermal expansion, (hand mix)
• Lap shear tests on various substrates, (static mix)
• Peel tests on various substrates, (static mix)
• Bead length Vs bead width for B-45TH dispensed from a static
mixer.
1. Static mix = parts A & B measured 2:1 by a double-barreled cartridge dispensed
with a plunger in a hand actuated gun through a 6" helical 21 element static mixer
tube having a 1/16" exit nozzle.
2 Hand mix = parts A & B measured in 2:1 ratio by weight and mixed by hand.
4
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy Table 1. Summary of experiments performed on B-45TH epoxy to examine some key physical
properties.
Test# Curing method Experiment Thermal Analysis Cycle Comments
Glass Transition Temperature determine if there is a All runs
difference in Tg
TgDSC1 cure for 68 hrs @ RT by using different mixing 25-300°C, 10°C/min mix with static mixer
methods
TgDSC2 cure for 68 hrs @ RT mix by hand
CteTMA1 cure for 72 hrs second attempt to determine All runs mix with static mixer
CteTMA2 cure for 72 hrs Tg 25-200°C, 2.°C/min mix by hand
Outgassing check for outgassing of All runs
volatiles and water as a
function of curing method
OgTGA1 cure for 24 hrs @ RT 25-300°C, 10°C/min cure set 95%
OgTGA2 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 4 hrs at 65C
OgTGA3 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 2 hrs at 93C
Curing Tests measure extent of completion all runs
of curing reaction for the
three curing methods
CtDSC1 cure for 24 hrs @ RT 25-300°C, 10°C/min cure set 95%
CtDSC2 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 4 hrs at 65C
CtDSC3 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 2 hrs at 93C
CtDSC4 freshly mixed, no cure
Environmental Study determine the amount of water all runs
(humidity) absorption of the epoxy cured
using the three recommended
methods
EsTGA4 cure for 24 hrs @ RT 25-300°C, 10°C/min cure set 95%
EsTGA5 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 4 hrs at 65C
EsTGA6 cure for 30 min @ RT cure set 98%
then 2 hrs at 93C
Mixing Effects check solids content of epoxy all runs
MeTGA1 wet hardener components and epoxy 550°C, 30 min hold, 10°C/min ash hardener (wet)
MeTGA2 wet resin ash resin (wet)
MeTGA3 freshly mixed, no cure ash mixture (static mixer)
Me TGA4 freshly mixed, no cure ash mixture (hand mix)
Contact Angle determine the difference all runs: no thermal analysis
in surface was performedThe contact
angle geoniometer was used
for measuring the contact
angle for the epoxy
Series cured for 96 hrs @ RT energy of static and hand mixed 20 samples
Cas1,2 mixed epoxy was performed
Series cured for 96 hrs @ RT also, difference between hand mixed
Cah1,2 epoxy side exposed to air 20 samples
during curing vs unexposed side
Joint Strength determine if the joint strength all runs: no thermal analysis
from a static mixed vs a hand was performed A Chatillon
mixed sample population are joint strength machine was used
comparable
Series cured for72 hrs @ RT static mixed
Jss1,2 20 samples
Series cured for 72 hrs @ RT hand mixed
Jsh1,2 20 samples
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
5
The glass transition temperature was not apparent in either the epoxy
that was hand mixed or sample that was mixed using a static mixer by
analyzing with the DSC. The TMA was then used to determine the Tg
for the two samples.
Theoretically the glass transition temperature should be approximately
60°C. Expanding the graphs from 40°C to 80°C did reveal that the Tg
for the static mixed sample is 64.93°C and the Tg for the hand mixed
sample is 65.02°C. These values are in agreement with the theoretical
Tg. The difference in Tg between the two samples is negligible.
Figure1. Glass transition profiles
2. Glass Transition
by TMA Method
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Temp [ºC]
% TMA DrTMA
um/min
LOAD gr
CteTMa1,2
TMA Load DrTMA
Tg 65.02ºC Hand Mix
TMA Load
Tg 64.93ºC Static Mix
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
-2.00
2.00
4.00
0.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
6
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used for the outgassing study.
The initial outgassing study was performed on un-cured material from room
temperature to 300°C at a rate of 10°C/min. This scan determines the amount
of outgassing during cure as a function of weight loss. At 60°C, the weight
loss due to outgassing is only 0.149%. Up to 220°C, were curing appears to
end and before degradation, the total weight loss is 7.225%.
Figure 2. Uncured B-45TH Outgassing
3. Outgassing
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Temp [°C]
85.00
90.00
95.00
100.00 %
TGA
Weight Loss: -0.970 mg -7.225 %
TGA data: BONDiT B-45TH Un-Cured
TGA
Weight Loss: -0.471 mg -3.508 %
Weight Loss: -1.461 mg -10.883 %
Weight Loss: -0.020 mg -0.149 %
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
7
Table 2. Percent weight loss as a function of curing method
From the results, it is possible to conclude that when cured under lower
temperatures there is more free water and volatile material in the epoxy.
There also is a significant difference between the onset of outgassing
temperature for the heat-cured methods and the sample cured at
ambient temperature.
Further testing by TGA indicates a correlation between weight lost
during the thermal cycle and curing technique. In Figure 3 and Table 2
the results are summarized.
Figure 3. Graph of epoxy outgassing profiles
Onset of
Test # Curing Method Outgassing % wt. loss
OgTGA1 RT= 23.5 hrs 80°C 9.047
OgTGA2 65°C for 4 hrs 140°C 7.093
OgTGA3 93°C for 2 hrs 120°C 6.93
Mid Point 192.37°C Onset 283.15°C Weight Loss -7.093°C
-0.345 mg
20 40 60 80 100 120
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Temp [°C]
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
% TG OgTGA1,2,3
OgTGA3
OgTGA2
Og TGA1
8
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
In order to know the amount of outgassing at regular operating tem-
peratures, an isothermal scan at 60°C for four hours was performed and
only 2.624% weight loss was measured. This relates to 0.66% outgas
weight loss per hour.
Figure 4. Isothermal Cure Weight Loss
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Time [Minutes]
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
% TGA
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Temp °C
-0.410 mg -2.624
Weight Loss
TGA data: BONDiT B-45TH Isothermal at 60°C for 4 hours
Temp TGA
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
9
4. Degree of Cure
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
-1.00
0.00
DSC mW
Heat 1.41 J 156.25 J/g
DSC Data: BONDiT B-45TH Un-Cured
DSC
Temp °C
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used for the cure study.
The adhesive was cured at typical (uncontrolled 16°C - 22°C) room
temperature (RT) for 24 hours. It was observed in that period the surface
remained somewhat tacky and the bulk of the material is very flexible.
An incomplete cure was suspected. To determine the cure schedule a
DSC was performed on un-cured material from room temperature to
300°C at a rate of 5°C/min. Curing began at 30°C, peaked at about
90°C and ended at about 170°C. Degradation occurred at temperatures
greater than 170°C. Normalized with respect to the sample amount,
the heat of reaction during cure was measured to be 156.25J/g, the area
under bell curve.
Figure 5. DSC Uncured B-45TH
10
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 Temp °C
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
mW/mg DSC
Heat 58.04 mJ 3.60 J/g
DSC Data: BONDiT B-45TH Cured at RT for 24h
DSC
A DSC scan was performed on a sample cured at room temperature
(controlled 21°C) for 24 hours to measure the amount of cure. Normalized
to sample weight yielded a heat of reaction of 3.60J/g thus making the
sample 97.7% cured, meaning that a 24-hour, 21°C room temperature
cure is sufficient for many applications. It is to be expected that a three
(3) day cure or longer will produce further cure and improvement in
physical properties for ambient cure applications.
156.25J/g - 3.60J/g X 100 = 97.7% cure
156.25J/g
Figure 6. DSC Cured B-45TH
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
11
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Temp [°C]
-0.40
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
DSC mW/mg
CtDSC1,2,3,4'
CtDSC4 CtDSC3 CtDSC2 CtDSC1
93°C/2h
65°C/4hNo cure
RT/24h
The extent of completion of the curing reaction can be easily
evaluated by looking at the heat released when the epoxy is put
through a thermal cycle. Figure 7 shows the profiles of the exothermic
curing reaction for several curing methods. Table 3 lists the specific
heat for three curing methods and an uncured sample.
Table 3. Specific heats of cured epoxy and uncured epoxy
Test # Curing Specific Heat of Curing reaction
CtDSC1 RT>24hrs 18.99 J/g (uncontrolled RT / 88.5%
cure ref to CtDSC4 sample)
CtDSC2 65°C for 4 hrs 1.32 J/g
CtDSC3 93°C for 2 hrs 1.81 J/g
CtDSC4 no cure 165.25 J/g
From the specific heat data, it can be seen that optimized curing is
correlate with curing temperature. For instance, at ambient
temperature the material will never fully cure, yet be sufficient for the
application. Further studies by tensile strength tests indicate optimal
operational cure is approximately 100°C for three (3) hours.
Figure 7 Extent of completion of curing as a function of cure method
Figure 7. Extent of completion of curing as a function of cure
method
12
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
The three curing recommended curing methods were subjected to an
environmental test. The test was an 85RH / 85°C for duration of
approximately four days. Figure 8 shows the weight loss of the tests
processed using the three curing methods. Table 4 lists the percent
weight loss of each of the tests.
5. Environmental
Test
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Temp [°C]
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
TGA %
EsTGA1,2,3
EsTGA3 EsTGA2 EsTGA1
Figure 8. Weight lost for test runs after 4 days in an 85/85
chamber
Table 4. Percent weight loss of three curing methods after a 85/
85 humidity test
Test # Curing % wt.
at 100°C Loss
EsTGA1 24 hrs at RT (uncontrolled) .343
EsTGA2 4 hrs at 65°C 1.176
EsTGA3 2 hr at 93°C .286
The percent weight loss by EsTGA2 is the most significant. The weight
lost by EsTGA1 and EsTGA3 are very similar. This result was not
expected because of their very different curing methods. However, the
RT was uncontrolled and over all the difference between the samples is
relatively small. A larger statistical sampling would clarify the
differences, if any.
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
13
Figure 9. Moisture Absoprtion
Moisture Absorption ASTM D570
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
DI Water Exposure at ambient temperature [Days]
Weight Gain [%]
A moisture absorption test in DI water was conducted according to ASTM
D570, showing an ultimate absorption of under 1% in equilibrium state after
51 days at uncontrolled lab room temperature (68-72°F days, 60-65°F nights).
6. Moisture
Absorption
14
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
Hand mixed samples were for oil absorption per ASTM D570 were also
tested using Shell Oil Isopar M, resulting in an ultimate equilibrium of
0.73% in 60 days exposure.
Isopar M Oil Absorption, BONDiT B-45
ASTM D-570
0.11% 0.18%
0.39%
0.63%
0.73%
0.00%
0.10%
0.20%
0.30%
0.40%
0.50%
0.60%
0.70%
0.80%
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Time [Days]
Weight Gain [%]
7. Oil Absorption
Figure 10. Oil Absoprtion
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
15
The total solids content contribution from the resin and the hardener
is very comparable. Figure 11 shows the graphs of the total mass lost
by each of the tests. A direct comparison of the total solids content in
the epoxy mixture, the resin and the hardener can be made by
regarding Table 5.
8. Contribution of
Solids Content
% Weight
Test # Material Loss
MeTGA1 hardener 96.272
MeTGA2 resin 93.39
MeTGA3 static mixed 96.413
Me TGA4 hand mixed 95.309
There is not a lot of filler in the B-45TH epoxy system. It is interesting to
note that there seems to be no appreciable difference between the
solids content of the hand mixed and the static mixed epoxy.
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520
Temp [°C]
0.00
50.00
100.00
TGA %
MeTGA1,2,3,4
MeTGA4 MeTGA3 MeTGA2 MeTGA1
Mid Point 407.47 °C Onset 361.13 °C Endset 472.69 °C Weight Loss -96.27 %
-3.409 mg
Figure 11. Pyrolization profiles of the resin, hardener, and epoxy
Table 5. Percent weight loss of epoxy materials and epoxy
heated to 500°C for ½-hour
16
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
The surface energy of B-45TH prepared by using a static mixer and by
hand was looked at. The surface energy of the epoxy side exposed to
air while curing and the side that was on the Teflon surface were
compared. The data for the contact angle is shown in Figure 12.
The static mixed epoxy exposed to air while curing had an erratic
contact angle profile. The standard deviation of the contact angle for
the static, air set was approximately 14°. The backside of the epoxy had
a much lower standard deviation of only 3°. In general, the backside
that was not exposed to air during curing (static and hand mixed) had
much higher contact angle values.
9. Surface Energy of
Cured Material
Contact Angle Between B-45TH Epoxy and Water
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sample #
Static mixed [e
St[e
xposed to air]
atic mixed, no air xposed to Teflon]
Hand mixed [exposed to air]
Hand mixed, no air [exposed to Teflon]
t = 0 min t = ~10 min
-5.00
Standard Deviation: StatiStatiHand,Hand,
c, air = 14 c, Teflon = 3
air = 7 Teflon = 4
Figure 12. plot of the contact angle water on B-45TH
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
17
Joint Strength
The data collected from the joint strength testing did not reveal any
great disparity in strength between epoxy that is static mixed and
hand mixed. Figure 13 shows the joint strength for 20 samples of the
static mixed epoxy and the hand mixed epoxy.
Note the hand mixed sample had a higher standard deviation of .83
Kg compared to static mix of .64 Kg.
Figure 13. Joint strength of 20 samples of static and hand mixed
epoxy
10. Mechanical
Properties
Joint Strength of Static and Hand Mixed B-45TH Epoxy
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sample #
Kg
static mixed hand mixed
Standard deviation Static: 0.64 Kg Hand: 0.83 Kg
18
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
Table 6. Tensile Strength
B-45TH, 2 hrs set time, post Cured 2 hrs @ 100C ASTM D638
Sample Peak Break Break Yield Yield Tangent
Stress Stress Elongation Stress Elongation Modulus
PSI PSI % PSI % PSI
Mean 1324.4 1264.8 103 1321.4
104.1 11932
Min 1262.1 1144.9 85.7 1262.1 84.7 10583
Max 1437.5 1422.1 130.4 1437.5 130 13510
Stdv 71.1 108.1 17 71.1 17.5 1133
%Cov 5.4 8.5 16.1 5.4 16.8 9
Medn 1293.7 1236 99.9 1293.7 97.4 11804
Figure 14.
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
19
Table 7. Static Fatigue and Tear Strength
Table 8. Velocity of Sound, Density, Thermal Conductivit,
Coefficicient of Thermal Expansion
Fatigue and Tear Tests
Fatigue tests Static Load Ultimate Tension Elongation
Lbs PSI %
150°F cure 46 835 215
Ambient 48 757 205
Tear Strength Static Load Ultimate Tension Tear Strength
Tear Die B Lbs PSI lbs/in
150°F cure 28 310 121
Ambient 29 290 113
Velocity of Longitudinal Sound Wave Density Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of
Thermal
Expansion [Cte]
Velocity Temp Frequency From TMA, Fig 1
m/sec °C KHz g/cm3 cal/(sec)(cm2)
(°C)(cm) ppm/°C
B-45TH 1923 25 200 1.046 300 x 10-6 175
SeaWater 1531 25 1.025
DI H2O 1496 25 0.998
Dry Air 343.9 21 1.293
20
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
Sam
ple
S
train
Ener
gy
ubst
rate
Su
bst
rate
C
ure
Pe
ak
Range
Peak
Pe
ak
Bre
ak
Elo
ngatio
n
Yiel
d
Elo
ngatio
n
Tan
gen
t
#1
#2
Degre
es
F St
ress
H
i/Lo
Peak
Load
Stre
ss
at B
reak
Stre
ss
at Yi
eld
M
odu
lus
PSI
Stre
ss P
SI
%
In-L
b
PSI
%
PSI
%
PSI
Lo
ad
HD
PE
HD
PE
150
295
299/2
90
1.65
2.
96
290
1.7
295
1.72
28
82
UH
MW
U
HM
W
150
312
—-
3.16
5.
81
307
3.3
308
2.7
14184
UH
MW
U
HM
W
150
279
325/2
56
2.22
3.
69
279
2.4
274
2.3
14478
UH
MW
*
UH
MW
A
mbie
nt*
28
3 30
8/24
6 2.
2 3.
69
282
2.2
279
2.1
1576
0
UH
MW
St
eel
150
424
484/3
64
1.74
4.
69
424
1.6
424
1.6
33556
UH
MW
*
Stee
l A
mbie
nt*
36
1 40
1/32
6 1.
68
3.7
361
1.7
361
1.7
2729
1
PPS
SS
150
812
—-
1.05
4.
61
813
1.0
813
1.0
82478
PPS*
*
SS
Am
bie
nt*
*
492
—-
0.77
2.
25
490
0.8
492
0.8
77347
ABS
PVC
15
0 67
7 677/6
77
2.68
10.3
9
676
2.8
677
2.8
27247
PTFE***
PTFE
200
205
—-
—-
—-
201
—-
205
0.3
122693
* A
mb
ien
t cu
re 3
1 d
ays
**A
mb
ien
t cu
re 7
days
***C
hem
ical e
tch
su
rface
tre
atm
en
t
Tab
le 9
. L
ap
shear
Test
per
ASTM
D3
16
3
Lap
shear
test
: A
STM
D3
16
3; all v
alu
es
mean
.
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
21
Substrate #1 Substrate #2 Failure mode
PBT PET cohesive/adhesive failure of
PET film
PBT Polyurethane foam cohesive failure of PU foam
PEEK PET cohesive/adhesive failure of
PET film
PEEK Polyurethane foam cohesive failure of PU foam
G10 fiberglass PET cohesive/adhesive failure of
PET film
G10 fiberglass Polyurethane foam cohesive failure of PU foam
Neoprene Steel cohesive failure of rubber
Neoprene Neoprene cohesive failure of rubber
EPDM Steel cohesive failure of rubber
Table 10. Peel Test per ASTM D638
Peel tests
22
A Study of the Physical Properties of BONDiTTM B-45TH Epoxy
11. Bead Length from
50 ml Dual Cartiridge
Through Static Mixer
Figure 15. Bead Lengths from 50 ml Cartridges of B-45TH
Through Six Inch Static Mixer
Figure 14. Bead Lengths from 50 ml Cartridges of B-45TH
Through Six Inch Static Mixer
B-45TH Bead Width vs Bead Length
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
Bead Width, inches
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
Bead Length Bead Height
Bea
d Le
ngth
, inc
hes
Bea
d H
eigh
t, in
ches
e-mail • [email protected]
2345 Circadian Way, Santa Rosa, CA 95407
Phone • 707-284-8808
Fax • 707-284-8812
B
ead
Leng
th [M
eter
s]
Bea
d H
eigh
t [m
m ]&
Wei
ght [
gr/c
m]
B-45TH Bead Length vs Bead Width, Metric
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0
Bead Width [mm]
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Bead Length Bead Height Bead Weight