BIOPLASTICS
-ACCELERATED BY CIRCULAR ECONOMY?
PROF. DR. IR. PETER RAGAERT
Slim verpakkenHuis van de Voeding, Roeselare
November 7th 2017
PACK4FOODSTRUCTURE
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INDUSTRY RESEARCH INST ITUTES
PACK4FOODACTIVIT IES
PACK4FOODTHEMES
www.Pack4Food.be
WHERE DO BIOPLASTICS FIT IN?
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Biobased?
Compostable? Oxodegradable?
Recyclable?Renewable?
Biodegradable?
Closed loop?
Sustainable?
OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOPLASTICS?
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Source: World Economic Forum, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, The New Plastics Economy —Rethinking the future of plastics (2016, http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications)
CIRCULAR ECONOM Y
PACKAGE EUROPE
• recycling 65% of municipal waste by 2030
• Recycling 75% of packaging waste by 2030
• Reduce landfill to maximum 10% of municipal waste by 2030
DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS
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Biobased
Non-compostable
Compostable
Non-biobased
Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
PHA,…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…
PBAT, PVA,…
Conventional plastics are:
Based on crude-oil derivatives
Non-compostable
Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany
DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS
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Non-compostable Compostable
Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
PHA,…
PBAT, PVA,…
Compostable plastics FOCUS ON END-OF-LIFE
Bioplastics are:
Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany
Biobased
Non-biobased
DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS
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Biobased
Non-compostable Compostable
Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
PHA,…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…
PBAT, PVA,…
Produced from renewable resources FOCUS ON RESOURCES
Non-biobased©Pack4Food 2017
Bioplastics are:
Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany
DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS
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Non-compostable Compostable
Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
PHA,…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…
PBAT, PVA,…
BOTH from renewable resources and compostable
Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany
Bioplastics are:Biobased
Non-biobased©Pack4Food 2017
DEFINITION BIOPLASTICS
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Non-compostable Compostable
Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
PHA,…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,…
PBAT, PVA,…
BOTH from renewable resources and compostable
Adapted from University of Applied Science and Arts, Hannover,Germany
Bioplastics are:Biobased
Non-biobased©Pack4Food 2017
Produced from renewable resources FOCUS ON RESOURCES
Compostable plastics FOCUS ON END-OF-LIFE
BIOPLASTICS
► Standards laid down in EN 13432
► Criteria
COMPOSTABILITY
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1. Organic content (> 50%), limits on heavy metals2. Compost quality (+ ecotoxicity tests)
3. Biological degradation @ 60°C (90 % in 6 months)
4. Desintegration @60°C(90 % in 12 weeks)
3. Biological degradation @ 20°C - 30°C (90% in 12 months)
4. Desintegration @20°C - 30°C(90% in 6 months)
Industrial compostability Home compostability
BIOPLASTICS
► Standards laid down in EN 16785-1
► Based on percentage of biobased content in plastics
► Example of logo: indications with stars
► 1 star: 20 – 40% biobased content
► 2 stars: 40 – 60% biobased content
► 3 stars: 60 – 80% biobased content
► 4 stars: > 80% biobased content
BIOBASED
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BIOPLASTICS
► Starch-based
PACKAGING EXAMPLES
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Photo: European Bioplastics
Winner 11th European
Bioplastics Award 2016:
collaboration between
Mars, Rodenburg,
Taghleef, Mondi
BIOPLASTICS
► Cellulose-based
PACKAGING EXAMPLES
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Photo: European Bioplastics
Source: Be_Natural
Source: BastinPack
Source: Ter Beke
BIOPLASTICS
► Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
PACKAGING EXAMPLES
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Source: Bioplastics Magazine
Source: European Bioplastics
Source: Activia
Source: BASF
Ecovio®
Source: https://peeze.nl/koffie/koffiecups/
BIOPLASTICS
► Bio-PE
PACKAGING EXAMPLES
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► Bio-PET
Source: Tetra Pak Source: Coca-Cola
Source: Segers & Balcaen
BIOPLASTICS
► PHBV-trays + fibers
► Resource of PHBV: wastestream
of olive oil industry
EXAMPLES OF DEVELOPMENTS
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Source: EcoBioCAP and foodproductiondaily.com
► PEF
► From biobased ethyleneglycol and biobased FDCA
► Replacement of PET?
PET
PEF
PERFORMANCE OF BIOPLASTICS
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Bio-PE, bio-PP, bio-PET,
…
PLA, starch, cellophane,
…
PE, PP, PET, PS, EVOH,
…
PBAT, PVA,…
Biobased
Non-
compostableCompostable
Non-biobased
Same
performance
Performance?
“Drop-ins” “new bioplastics”
PERFORMANCE OF BIOPLASTICSGAS AND WATER BARRIER?
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Peelman et al. (2013). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 32, 128-141
M ODIF IED ATM OSPHERE PACKAGING
POSSIBLE
BIOPLASTICSCAPACITY
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Source: European Bioplastics, Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, nova-Institute (2016) More information: www.bio-based.eu/markets and www.european-bioplastics.org/market
CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS
► Price bioplastics vs price conventional plastics
►Who bears the extra costs? Consumer vs company?
►Too low production capacities?
►Too low demand?
►Evolution of financial contribution to put bioplastics on the market compared to conventional plastics?
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CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS
► Price: biobased vs compostability
►Added value of a compostable packaging with a through benefit could justify higher price (e.g. compostable coffee capsules)
►Added value of ‘just being biobased’ at this moment too low to justify higher price unless
► Better technical performance (e.g. PEF as alternative for PET, PLA as alternative for PS)
► Being with the pioneers of biobased materials (e.g. Coca-Cola, Mars, Danone,…)
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CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS
► Need for legislative framework?
► Influence of increased attention for circular economy?
► Influence of decisions to ban certain conventional plastic materials (e.g. shopping bags)?
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CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS
►Resources for bioplastics►Agricultural products
►Sidestreams and wastestreams of (food) industry
Guaranteed supply of bioplastics packaging?
Multiple suppliers for a certain bioplastics material?
►Environmental impact of bioplastics compared to►Conventional plastics (crude-oil based)?
►Other types of packaging materials (e.g. glas, metal, cardboard)?
Need for well-designed LCA-studies
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CHALLENGES FOR BIOPLASTICS
► ‘Drop-ins’ vs ‘new bioplastics’
►Not all bioplastics are compostable
►How to communicate towards consumers?
►Faster increase in drop-ins could lead to a delay in composting facilities allowing bioplastics
► Increase in drop-ins possibly further stimulated by known characteristics and processability
► No uniform or easy-to-understand labels
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► Coupure Links 653B-9000 Gent
► 09/[email protected]
► www.Pack4Food.be
INNOVATION IN PACKAGING
Thank youfor your attention!