Before we go to the 1 st continental congress Before we go to
the 1 st continental congress I want focus on one of the other
intolerable acts I want focus on one of the other intolerable acts
The Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government Act
And its role in the start of the revolution
Slide 2
If we treat American patriots as innocent victims If we treat
American patriots as innocent victims i.e. the attack by well armed
British regulars on a few militiamen at Lexington and Concord We
suppress their revolutionary might We suppress their revolutionary
might Nation came into being because people stood up for themselves
and their own best interests
Slide 3
Revolution did not begin with the shot heard round the world.
Revolution did not begin with the shot heard round the world.
Started more than half a year earlier Started more than half a year
earlier When thousands of angry patriots overthrew British
authority throughout Massachusetts When thousands of angry patriots
overthrew British authority throughout Massachusetts Except in
Boston
Slide 4
Massachusetts Government Act dictated people could no longer
Massachusetts Government Act dictated people could no longer come
together in town meetings without permission from Governor discuss
any thing not approved by the Governor Meet more than once a
year
Slide 5
in addition in addition P eoples elected representatives no
longer determine the Council P eoples elected representatives no
longer determine the Council upper house of the legislature Elected
representatives could no longer approve or remove Elected
representatives could no longer approve or remove judges, juries,
or justices of the peace local officials who could put people in
jail or take away their property local officials who could put
people in jail or take away their property
Slide 6
Citizens of Massachusetts were deprived of the power of their
votes Citizens of Massachusetts were deprived of the power of their
votes Massachusetts Government Act affected not only Massachusetts
Government Act affected not only the 5 percent of the populace in
Boston but the 95 percent in towns and villages across the
province. People would not and did not allow it People would not
and did not allow it
Slide 7
Due to take effect August 1, 1774 Due to take effect August 1,
1774 first court scheduled to sit in Berkshire County Court never
met Court never met When Crown-appointed officials showed up for
work on August 16 When Crown-appointed officials showed up for work
on August 16 Found themselves shut out of the courthouse by 1,500
committed patriots. Found themselves shut out of the courthouse by
1,500 committed patriots.
Slide 8
In direct violation of the new law In direct violation of the
new law people continued with their chosen meetings. Governor Gage
arrested seven men in Salem for calling a town meeting Governor
Gage arrested seven men in Salem for calling a town meeting 3,000
farmers marched on the jail & set them free By early October
1774 By early October 1774 more than half a year before the shot
heard round the world American patriots seized all political and
military authority outside Boston American patriots seized all
political and military authority outside Boston
Slide 9
How to defend Revolution against British army How to defend
Revolution against British army October 1774 October 1774 five
months before Lexington Patriots from Massachusetts formed
representative body Patriots from Massachusetts formed
representative body The Provincial Congress The Provincial Congress
assumed the basic functions of government. Foremost among its
duties Foremost among its duties collect taxes and prepare for
war.
Slide 10
December 1774 December 1774 four months before Lexington
patriots in Hampshire made first offensive move of the war patriots
in Hampshire made first offensive move of the war 400 militiamen
stormed Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth 400 militiamen stormed
Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth
Slide 11
Patriots Patriots took down the kings colors took down the
kings colors carried away one hundred barrels of gunpowder
Following day Following day 1,000 patriots marched again on the
fort 1,000 patriots marched again on the fort removing all the
muskets and sixteen cannon.
Slide 12
Armed attack on a British fortress Armed attack on a British
fortress an act war, not merely a prelude to war February 1775
February 1775 two months before Lexington, British intelligence
reported that 15,000 Minute Men were all properly armed British
intelligence reported that 15,000 Minute Men were all properly
armed With thirty-eight field pieces and a considerable supply of
gunpowder
Slide 13
During the preceding decade, patriots had During the preceding
decade, patriots had written petitions staged boycotts burnt
effigies this was something new. In late summer and early fall of
1774 patriots did not simply protest government In late summer and
early fall of 1774 patriots did not simply protest government they
overthrew it they overthrew it
Slide 14
Back to Boston and the call for a multiple colony meeting Back
to Boston and the call for a multiple colony meeting
Slide 15
But first Reminder Reminder 1 st section of Portfolio due on
Thursday 1 st section of Portfolio due on Thursday Thursday Feb 18
th Thursday Feb 18 th This should include everything up to, and
including, Chapter 5 Asserting Independence of Kierber This should
include everything up to, and including, Chapter 5 Asserting
Independence of Kierber Please make it clear which documents and
questions you are answering Please make it clear which documents
and questions you are answering
Slide 16
Chap. 1: Bonds of Empire Chap. 1: Bonds of Empire The
Revolution Ode The Revolution Ode How did the author of Ode
describe James II. How did this poet envision the king's ideal
relationship to his subjects? How did the author of Ode describe
James II. How did this poet envision the king's ideal relationship
to his subjects? He wrote that James II reigned He wrote that James
II reigned Why was the anti-French and anti-Catholic rhetoric so
appealing to the colonists in 1760? Why was the anti-French and
anti-Catholic rhetoric so appealing to the colonists in 1760? The
author suggests that Anglican Protestantism The author suggests
that Anglican Protestantism Of the Constitution of England Of the
Constitution of England
Slide 17
Boston gets all credit for calling this meeting Boston gets all
credit for calling this meeting first continental congress first
continental congress In actuality both In actuality both Rhode
Island and Virginia Rhode Island and Virginia put out calls about a
week before Boston did
Slide 18
Fifty-five delegates from 12 colonies heeded the call of the
Massachusetts Assembly for a Continental Congress. Fifty-five
delegates from 12 colonies heeded the call of the Massachusetts
Assembly for a Continental Congress. Held in Carpenter Hall
Philadelphia Held in Carpenter Hall Philadelphia
Slide 19
Leading political figures, lawyers, merchants, and planters
Leading political figures, lawyers, merchants, and planters
Attended Philadelphia Congress Attended Philadelphia Congress
Massachusetts delegation included both Samuel Adams Massachusetts
delegation included both Samuel Adams and his younger cousin John
and his younger cousin John
Slide 20
New York sent John Jay New York sent John Jay Pennsylvania John
Dickinson Pennsylvania John Dickinson and the conservative Joseph
Galloway and the conservative Joseph Galloway Virginia Richard
Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington. Virginia Richard
Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington.
Slide 21
Most had never met before Most had never met before Became
chief architects of the new nation Congressmen faced three tasks
when they convened Congressmen faced three tasks when they convened
The first two were explicit: The first two were explicit: Defining
American grievances Developing a plan resistance. Third Third
outlining a theory of their constitutional relationship with Great
Britain less clear cut and proved troublesome. less clear cut and
proved troublesome.
Slide 22
The most radical The most radical like Lee of Virginia Argued
that colonists owed allegiance only to George III Argued that
colonists owed allegiance only to George III That Parliament was
nothing more than a local legislature That Parliament was nothing
more than a local legislature for Great Britain for Great Britain
with no authority over the colonies.
Slide 23
The conservatives Joseph Galloway and his allies The
conservatives Joseph Galloway and his allies Proposed a formal plan
of union Proposed a formal plan of union Required Parliament and a
new American legislature to consent jointly to all laws pertaining
to the colonies Required Parliament and a new American legislature
to consent jointly to all laws pertaining to the colonies After
heated debate, delegates narrowly rejected Galloways proposal After
heated debate, delegates narrowly rejected Galloways proposal They
were not prepared to accept the radicals position either They were
not prepared to accept the radicals position either
Slide 24
Back in Massachusetts Back in Massachusetts Suffolk County
Convention of the Committees of Correspondence Suffolk County
Convention of the Committees of Correspondence September 6, 1774,
September 6, 1774, Joseph Warren introduced the first draft of the
Suffolk Resolves Joseph Warren introduced the first draft of the
Suffolk Resolves edited and approved three days later edited and
approved three days later Attacked Coercive Acts also made several
specific demands Attacked Coercive Acts also made several specific
demands
Slide 25
1. Boycott British imports, curtail exports, and refuse to use
British products; 1. Boycott British imports, curtail exports, and
refuse to use British products; 2. Pay "no obedience" to the
Massachusetts Government Act or the Boston Port Bill; 2. Pay "no
obedience" to the Massachusetts Government Act or the Boston Port
Bill; 3. Demand resignations from those appointed to positions
under the Massachusetts Government Act; 3. Demand resignations from
those appointed to positions under the Massachusetts Government
Act; 4. Refuse payment of taxes until the Massachusetts Government
Act was repealed; 4. Refuse payment of taxes until the
Massachusetts Government Act was repealed; 5. Support a colonial
government in Massachusetts free of royal authority until the
Intolerable Acts were repealed 5. Support a colonial government in
Massachusetts free of royal authority until the Intolerable Acts
were repealed 6. Urge the colonies to raise militia of their own
people. 6. Urge the colonies to raise militia of their own
people.
Slide 26
September 16, 1774 September 16, 1774 Resolves delivered to
Philadelphia by Paul Revere compromise position worked out by John
Adams compromise position worked out by John Adams Crucial clause
that Adams drafted in the Congresss Declaration of Rights and
Grievances read in part Crucial clause that Adams drafted in the
Congresss Declaration of Rights and Grievances read in part From
the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of
both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts
of the British parliament, as are bona fide, restrained to the
regulation of our external commerce.
Slide 27
Notice the key phrases. Bona fide, restrained to the regulation
of our external commerce Bona fide, restrained to the regulation of
our external commerce made it clear they would continue to resist
taxes in disguise, like the Townsend duties From the necessity of
the case From the necessity of the case declared that Americans
would obey Parliament when in the best interest of both
countries
Slide 28
Such language Such language Which only a few years before would
have been regarded as irredeemably radical easily and comfortably
presented, and accepted, in the fall of 1774. easily and
comfortably presented, and accepted, in the fall of 1774. Americans
had come a long way since first hesitant protests against the Sugar
Act ten years earlier Americans had come a long way since first
hesitant protests against the Sugar Act ten years earlier
Slide 29
With constitutional issue resolved With constitutional issue
resolved delegates readily agreed on the laws they wanted repealed
Planned to implement an economic boycott while petitioning the king
for relief Planned to implement an economic boycott while
petitioning the king for relief To enforce Continental Association
To enforce Continental Association Congress recommended election of
Congress recommended election of committees of observation and
inspection in every American locality
Slide 30
committeemen became local leaders of resistance committeemen
became local leaders of resistance seven to eight thousand in the
colonies as a whole seven to eight thousand in the colonies as a
whole officially charged only with overseeing implementation of the
boycott officially charged only with overseeing implementation of
the boycott Over next six months became de facto governments Over
next six months became de facto governments
Slide 31
They examined merchants records They examined merchants records
published the names of those who continued to import British
manufactures published the names of those who continued to import
British manufactures promoted home manufactures Thus committees
gradually extended their authority over many aspects of American
life Thus committees gradually extended their authority over many
aspects of American life
Slide 32
They attempted to identify opponents of American resistance
They attempted to identify opponents of American resistance
developed elaborate spy networks investigating reports of dissident
remarks and activities investigating reports of dissident remarks
and activities Suspected dissenters were first urged to support the
colonial cause Suspected dissenters were first urged to support the
colonial cause if they failed to do so the committees if they
failed to do so the committees had them watched restricted their
movements or tried to force them to leave the area or tried to
force them to leave the area
Slide 33
People engaging in casual political exchanges with friends one
day People engaging in casual political exchanges with friends one
day charged with treasonable conversation the next charged with
treasonable conversation the next One Massachusetts man called
before local committee for maligning the Congress as One
Massachusetts man called before local committee for maligning the
Congress as a Pack or Parcell of Fools that was as tyrannical as
Lord North and ought to be opposed & resisted. he refused to
recant he refused to recant committee ordered him watched
Slide 34
Those who dissented more openly received harsher treatment
Those who dissented more openly received harsher treatment e.g.
Reverend John Agnew of VA e.g. Reverend John Agnew of VA Agnew,
insisted on warning his congregation of Agnew, insisted on warning
his congregation of the danger of rebellion. rejected the
committees summons rejected the committees summons Was officially
ostracized by its order Was officially ostracized by its order
Slide 35
Millers would not grind his corn Millers would not grind his
corn Doctors would not treat his sick wife and children Doctors
would not treat his sick wife and children committee tried to
intimidate him committee tried to intimidate him sent armed men to
his church to beat drums and drill during services When that failed
When that failed patriots nailed shut the churchs doors and
windows
Slide 36
Finally Agnew and his oldest son fled Finally Agnew and his
oldest son fled but the persecution of his wife and younger
children continued but the persecution of his wife and younger
children continued His wife was, she later recalled, His wife was,
she later recalled, daily insulted and robbed... [and] searched
under various pretense.
Slide 37
Late 1774 and early 1775 provincial conventions Late 1774 and
early 1775 provincial conventions Approved Continental Association
Approved Continental Association Elected delegates to the Second
Continental Congress (scheduled for May) Elected delegates to the
Second Continental Congress (scheduled for May) Organized militia
units, and gathered arms and ammunition Organized militia units,
and gathered arms and ammunition
Slide 38
In short during six months preceding the battles at Lexington
and Concord In short during six months preceding the battles at
Lexington and Concord Independence was being won at the local level
Independence was being won at the local level Without formal
acknowledgement Without formal acknowledgement and for the most
part without bloodshed Not many Americans fully realized what was
happening. Not many Americans fully realized what was happening.
Majority still proclaimed their loyalty to Great Britain and denied
that they sought to leave the empire Majority still proclaimed
their loyalty to Great Britain and denied that they sought to leave
the empire
Slide 39
Moving toward bloodshed
Slide 40
The New England Governments are in a State of Rebellion, blows
must decide whether they are to be subject to this Country or
independent King George III
Slide 41
Gage took over as governor of Massachusetts in May 1774 Gage
took over as governor of Massachusetts in May 1774 had both civil
powers of provincial governor and military powers of his command
had both civil powers of provincial governor and military powers of
his command Radical leaders knew the time was coming when they must
either surrender or raise resistance to a new level Radical leaders
knew the time was coming when they must either surrender or raise
resistance to a new level
Slide 42
Gages plan Gages plan Remove powder, remove ability to rebel
Remove powder, remove ability to rebel September 1 st 1774 Gage
dispatched a group of soldier to confiscate 250 barrels of powder
from Cambridge MA September 1 st 1774 Gage dispatched a group of
soldier to confiscate 250 barrels of powder from Cambridge MA
Slide 43
Response to seizure in Cambridge Response to seizure in
Cambridge almost overwhelming. Rumors swirled through New England
Rumors swirled through New England Militia from as far away as
Connecticut marched to Bostons aid Militia from as far away as
Connecticut marched to Bostons aid About 4000 men gathered About
4000 men gathered They were prepared to fight They were prepared to
fight
Slide 44
Tensions rising in Boston and elsewhere Tensions rising in
Boston and elsewhere Radicals began to expand their information
networks Radicals began to expand their information networks When
the troops did anything out of the ordinary word went to Joseph
Warren When the troops did anything out of the ordinary word went
to Joseph Warren
Slide 45
Joseph Warren Joseph Warren Graduated from Harvard in 1759
Practiced medicine in Boston. Member of the Provincial Congress in
1774, Member of the Provincial Congress in 1774, Served as
president Drafted the Suffolk Resolves Chairman of the Provincial
Committee of Safety. Intelligence Chairman of the Provincial
Committee of Safety. Intelligence Commissioned second major-general
in 1775 Commissioned second major-general in 1775 but served as a
volunteer in the battle at Bunker Hill in which he was killed
Slide 46
Warren forwarded news to the committee of safety in Concord
Warren forwarded news to the committee of safety in Concord Jan
1775 Jan 1775 Lord North sent orders to Gage to send troop to
Concord Destroy Arms and capture Adams and Hancock Destroy Arms and
capture Adams and Hancock
Slide 47
Gage organized two groups Gage organized two groups One,
regular army, under Colonel Francis Smith One, regular army, under
Colonel Francis Smith Light infantry led by Major John Pitcairn
Light infantry led by Major John Pitcairn
Slide 48
The shortest way to Concord from Boston was across Back Bay The
shortest way to Concord from Boston was across Back Bay Boats to
carry the troops hauled out of the water and repaired Boats to
carry the troops hauled out of the water and repaired April 16 were
rowed to the men-of-war swinging at anchor in the Charles River.
April 16 were rowed to the men-of-war swinging at anchor in the
Charles River. There they lay ready to use. There they lay ready to
use.
Slide 49
Joseph Warren heard of these preparations almost immediately.
Joseph Warren heard of these preparations almost immediately. no
way to conceal the repair of the small boats and their collection
in the bay. Morning of April 16, Morning of April 16, Warren sent
Paul Revere to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams
Warren sent Paul Revere to Lexington to warn John Hancock and
Samuel Adams
Slide 50
Revere returned that night, stopping in Charlestown to arrange
signals should the British move at night: Revere returned that
night, stopping in Charlestown to arrange signals should the
British move at night: one lantern to be hung in the steeple of
North Church if the troops moved inland over the Neck one lantern
to be hung in the steeple of North Church if the troops moved
inland over the Neck two if they came by water two if they came by
water
Slide 51
Gage tried to keep his movements secret Gage tried to keep his
movements secret Ten at night, April 18 Ten at night, April 18
Troops quietly roused from bed by sergeants shaking them rather
than shouting commands Unlike previous September the rebels were
ready Unlike previous September the rebels were ready Their
intelligence system Their intelligence system virtually the entire
population of Boston Marked the day when the troops were to march:
18 April 1775 Marked the day when the troops were to march: 18
April 1775 Lets hear Paul Revere tell the story
Slide 52
Paul Revere Before Revere even got started on his mission to
warn Adams and Hancock Before Revere even got started on his
mission to warn Adams and Hancock A tanner named William Dawes made
his way across Boston Neck with the same message A tanner named
William Dawes made his way across Boston Neck with the same message
Revere got to Lexington about midnight Revere got to Lexington
about midnight Joined by William Dawes Joined by William Dawes They
rested briefly, then rode on to Concord They rested briefly, then
rode on to Concord
Slide 53
Never got there, captured by a British patrol Never got there,
captured by a British patrol Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord Dr.
Samuel Prescott of Concord who had been courting his fiance at
Lexington until late at night. dashed away from the ambush, leaped
a wall, and made good his escape dashed away from the ambush,
leaped a wall, and made good his escape And then fulfilled Reveres
mission to Concord. And then fulfilled Reveres mission to Concord.
Picture of Dr. Samuel Prescott Picture of Dr. Samuel Prescott
Slide 54
Revere was released and walked back to Lexington Revere was
released and walked back to Lexington He found Sam Adams and John
Hancock He found Sam Adams and John Hancock Hancock mouthed off
about how he personally would face down the Regulars. Hancock
mouthed off about how he personally would face down the Regulars.
as the troops came nearer the bravado evaporated.
Slide 55
He insisted on traveling in high state in his heavy coach,
taking Sam Adams He insisted on traveling in high state in his
heavy coach, taking Sam Adams But abandoned Aunt Hancock and his
fiance to the mercies of the Regulars But abandoned Aunt Hancock
and his fiance to the mercies of the Regulars He also abandoned a
trunk full of papers that He also abandoned a trunk full of papers
that contained the innermost secrets of the Whig cause, and written
evidence that could incriminate many leaders.
Slide 56
After fleeing, he hungered for the delicacy of a freshly caught
salmon given to him at Lexington After fleeing, he hungered for the
delicacy of a freshly caught salmon given to him at Lexington So he
sent back for it Hancocks salmon joined him in Woburn and his aunt
and fiance also Hancocks salmon joined him in Woburn and his aunt
and fiance also By command, the salmon was cooked; By command, the
salmon was cooked; but (woe!) another alarm caused it to be
abandoned and the fleeing hero had to make this sacrifice for his
cause. but (woe!) another alarm caused it to be abandoned and the
fleeing hero had to make this sacrifice for his cause.
Slide 57
Lexington militia company Lexington militia company commanded
by Caption John Parker commanded by Caption John Parker mustered on
Lexington Green mustered on Lexington Green After about an hour
they were told to return home but to be ready After about an hour
they were told to return home but to be ready drum sounded at
half-past four, when Thaddeus Bowman galloped in with the news that
the regulars were near. drum sounded at half-past four, when
Thaddeus Bowman galloped in with the news that the regulars were
near.
Slide 58
In a few minutes Parker had two ranks of a little over seventy
men drawn up about a hundred yards from the road to Concord, which
ran along the base of the Green
Slide 59
In order to ensure that all students, and I, get the full
benefit of the class, attendance will be mandatory - non attendance
will be penalized. Miss four (4) classes and you will automatically
lose on grade point from your final grade. In order to ensure that
all students, and I, get the full benefit of the class, attendance
will be mandatory - non attendance will be penalized. Miss four (4)
classes and you will automatically lose on grade point from your
final grade.
Slide 60
After Lexington the British marched on to Concord After
Lexington the British marched on to Concord Arms had already been
moved Soldiers began to trash and fire the town Soldiers began to
trash and fire the town Militia began to attack Militia began to
attack British soldiers fled from Concord back to Boston British
soldiers fled from Concord back to Boston Followed by an ever
increasing number of patriot militia Followed by an ever increasing
number of patriot militia
Slide 61
Knowing direction soldiers had to take Knowing direction
soldiers had to take militia provided a rolling attack that picked
of British troops By time British column reached Lexington By time
British column reached Lexington The British ranks had fallen apart
The British ranks had fallen apart fighting developed into hand to
hand combat
Slide 62
Gage had sent out relief column under General Percy Gage had
sent out relief column under General Percy Gave the British support
and hope Difficult and deadly retreat to Boston Difficult and
deadly retreat to Boston Militia now numbering around 30,000
Militia now numbering around 30,000 Surrounded the town of Boston
and cut if of from the rest of America On this the first day of
military conflict On this the first day of military conflict 95
Americans 95 Americans 273 British died 273 British died
Slide 63
Gage takes the news badly Gage takes the news badly It is
thought that his American wife may have been the spy who feed the
news to the militia It is thought that his American wife may have
been the spy who feed the news to the militia She was sent to
England for her safety and the two were never reconciled She was
sent to England for her safety and the two were never
reconciled
Slide 64
May 1775 substantial reinforcements arrive May 1775 substantial
reinforcements arrive 5000 men 5000 men Under three generals Under
three generals Burgoyne Burgoyne Howe Howe Clinton Clinton
Slide 65
May 1775 May 1775 The Continental Convention meets again at
Philadelphia The Continental Convention meets again at Philadelphia
A political body that inherited a military conflict Voted to
militia surrounding Boston into a Continental Army Voted to militia
surrounding Boston into a Continental Army Oh that I was a Soldier
I will be I am reading military books. Every Body must and will,
and shall be a soldier John Adams
Slide 66
June 15 George Washington June 15 George Washington who arrived
at the convention dressed in his old uniform every day Made the
commanding officer Made the commanding officer
Slide 67
Still uncomfortable with the idea of breaking away fully Still
uncomfortable with the idea of breaking away fully Divided ideas
and plans Congress was Congress was a Coach and six the swiftest
Horses must be slackened and the slowest quickened, that all may
keep an even pace a Coach and six the swiftest Horses must be
slackened and the slowest quickened, that all may keep an even pace
John Adams
Slide 68
Sent two petitions to George III Sent two petitions to George
III One known as the Olive Branch petition One known as the Olive
Branch petition pleaded with the King to take the initiative in
devising a happy and permanent reconciliation Second Second written
mainly by Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of the Causes and
Necessities of Taking up arms The Declaration of the Causes and
Necessities of Taking up arms
Slide 69
Both Olive branch petition and Jeffersons declaration Both
Olive branch petition and Jeffersons declaration Still couched in
terms of reconciliation Declaration stated to the British people
that Declaration stated to the British people that we mean not to
dissolve that Union which has so long and happily subsisted between
us The petitions reached London at the same time as news of Bunker
(Breeds) Hill The petitions reached London at the same time as news
of Bunker (Breeds) Hill George III declared a formal proclamation
of rebellion on August 23, 1775 George III declared a formal
proclamation of rebellion on August 23, 1775
Slide 70
The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill
Slide 71
May 1775 worried about the possibility of British troops coming
from behind May 1775 worried about the possibility of British
troops coming from behind Group of Connecticut Militia under Ethan
Allen marched on Fort Ticonderoga Group of Connecticut Militia
under Ethan Allen marched on Fort Ticonderoga
Slide 72
Independently Benedict Arnold left from Massachusetts
Independently Benedict Arnold left from Massachusetts British in
the fort had not heard of the conflict in Boston and did not resist
British in the fort had not heard of the conflict in Boston and did
not resist May 10 th 1775 May 10 th 1775 Fort easily taken weapons
now in American hands 1 st day of second continental congress
Slide 73
July 3 1775, Washington assumes control of continental army
July 3 1775, Washington assumes control of continental army During
the Seven Years War had admired, and wanted to be part of, British
Army During the Seven Years War had admired, and wanted to be part
of, British Army What he found in Boston, shocked and dismayed him
What he found in Boston, shocked and dismayed him
Slide 74
Most euro armies at this time were led by aristocrats and
staffed by the dregs of society Most euro armies at this time were
led by aristocrats and staffed by the dregs of society drilled
relentlessly until they obeyed commands without thinking
Massachusetts militia - volunteer army full of many different
classes Massachusetts militia - volunteer army full of many
different classes They elected officers They granted furloughs
easily Many slept away from the army at home Some sneaked over the
lines to take pot shots at people None of this was want Washington
knew or wanted None of this was want Washington knew or wanted
Slide 75
Washington began difficult task of training an army Washington
began difficult task of training an army whilst it was involved in
military action Had few subordinates he was confident in so he was
involved not only in the grand planning Had few subordinates he was
confident in so he was involved not only in the grand planning But
also attempting But also attempting To clean up conditions Improve
defenses Ensure regular supplies He also demoted or fired officers
All in an attempt to gain the order he knew was needed All in an
attempt to gain the order he knew was needed
Slide 76
As Washington was in Boston As Washington was in Boston
continental congress ordered Major General Philip Schuyler to take
Canada If practicable and not If practicable and not Disagreeable
to the canadians Disagreeable to the canadians Washington ordered
Benedict Arnold to north to Canada as well Washington ordered
Benedict Arnold to north to Canada as well Schuyler travelled up
through Montreal Schuyler travelled up through Montreal Whilst
Arnold moved out from Massachusetts Whilst Arnold moved out from
Massachusetts
Slide 77
Richard Montgomery, Richard Montgomery, 2 nd in Command to
Schulyer Captured Montreal before heading on to Quebec Captured
Montreal before heading on to Quebec At same time Arnold led his
forces on one of the most dramatic marches of the war At same time
Arnold led his forces on one of the most dramatic marches of the
war 45 days through terrible conditions 45 days through terrible
conditions
Slide 78
Late in year two groups meet close to Quebec Late in year two
groups meet close to Quebec After a short period of rest After a
short period of rest Assault plan was made An assault rather an a
siege An assault rather an a siege As soldiers enlistments due to
end December 31 st the attack began in a freezing blizzard December
31 st the attack began in a freezing blizzard Montgomery was killed
quickly Arnold received a wound in the leg A couple of hours later
the attack was over Several hundred Americans were captured and
Quebec remained in British hands Several hundred Americans were
captured and Quebec remained in British hands Meanwhile back to
Boston Meanwhile back to Boston
Slide 79
Washington now had weapons to push siege He set up the guns on
Dorchester heights, overlooked the city and harbor General Howe
taken over from Gage Initially intending to attack, bad weather
forced Howe to change his plan March 17 British loaded all the
soldiers and 1000 loyalist supporters on board ships and evacuated
Boston Headed to Nova Scotia
Slide 80
Slide 81
Group IDs Group IDs When answering the ids it is always good to
think of When answering the ids it is always good to think of A)
Who, what, when, where, why B) Causes and Consequences Firstly, get
into 5 groups Firstly, get into 5 groups I will put 8 ids up on the
screen I will put 8 ids up on the screen First come first served
First come first served Your answer must be in sentence form Your
answer must be in sentence form
Slide 82
Who, what, when, where, why Causes and Consequences A Society
of Patriotic Ladies, at Edenton in North Carolina A Society of
Patriotic Ladies, at Edenton in North Carolina Vice Admiltary
Courts Vice Admiltary Courts HMS Gaspee HMS Gaspee Lord North Lord
North The Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government
Act Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth Fort William and Mary in
Portsmouth Joseph Warren Joseph Warren Aggressive neutrality
Aggressive neutrality