Before we go to the 1 st continental congress Before we go to the 1 st continental congress I want focus on one of the other intolerable acts I want focus

Before we go to the 1 st continental congress Before we go to the 1 st continental congress I want focus on one of the other intolerable acts I want focus on one of the other intolerable acts The Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government Act And its role in the start of the revolution

If we treat American patriots as innocent victims If we treat American patriots as innocent victims i.e. the attack by well armed British regulars on a few militiamen at Lexington and Concord We suppress their revolutionary might We suppress their revolutionary might Nation came into being because people stood up for themselves and their own best interests

Revolution did not begin with the shot heard round the world. Revolution did not begin with the shot heard round the world. Started more than half a year earlier Started more than half a year earlier When thousands of angry patriots overthrew British authority throughout Massachusetts When thousands of angry patriots overthrew British authority throughout Massachusetts Except in Boston

Massachusetts Government Act dictated people could no longer Massachusetts Government Act dictated people could no longer come together in town meetings without permission from Governor discuss any thing not approved by the Governor Meet more than once a year

in addition in addition P eoples elected representatives no longer determine the Council P eoples elected representatives no longer determine the Council upper house of the legislature Elected representatives could no longer approve or remove Elected representatives could no longer approve or remove judges, juries, or justices of the peace local officials who could put people in jail or take away their property local officials who could put people in jail or take away their property

Citizens of Massachusetts were deprived of the power of their votes Citizens of Massachusetts were deprived of the power of their votes Massachusetts Government Act affected not only Massachusetts Government Act affected not only the 5 percent of the populace in Boston but the 95 percent in towns and villages across the province. People would not and did not allow it People would not and did not allow it

Due to take effect August 1, 1774 Due to take effect August 1, 1774 first court scheduled to sit in Berkshire County Court never met Court never met When Crown-appointed officials showed up for work on August 16 When Crown-appointed officials showed up for work on August 16 Found themselves shut out of the courthouse by 1,500 committed patriots. Found themselves shut out of the courthouse by 1,500 committed patriots.

In direct violation of the new law In direct violation of the new law people continued with their chosen meetings. Governor Gage arrested seven men in Salem for calling a town meeting Governor Gage arrested seven men in Salem for calling a town meeting 3,000 farmers marched on the jail & set them free By early October 1774 By early October 1774 more than half a year before the shot heard round the world American patriots seized all political and military authority outside Boston American patriots seized all political and military authority outside Boston

How to defend Revolution against British army How to defend Revolution against British army October 1774 October 1774 five months before Lexington Patriots from Massachusetts formed representative body Patriots from Massachusetts formed representative body The Provincial Congress The Provincial Congress assumed the basic functions of government. Foremost among its duties Foremost among its duties collect taxes and prepare for war.

December 1774 December 1774 four months before Lexington patriots in Hampshire made first offensive move of the war patriots in Hampshire made first offensive move of the war 400 militiamen stormed Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth 400 militiamen stormed Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth

Patriots Patriots took down the kings colors took down the kings colors carried away one hundred barrels of gunpowder Following day Following day 1,000 patriots marched again on the fort 1,000 patriots marched again on the fort removing all the muskets and sixteen cannon.

Armed attack on a British fortress Armed attack on a British fortress an act war, not merely a prelude to war February 1775 February 1775 two months before Lexington, British intelligence reported that 15,000 Minute Men were all properly armed British intelligence reported that 15,000 Minute Men were all properly armed With thirty-eight field pieces and a considerable supply of gunpowder

During the preceding decade, patriots had During the preceding decade, patriots had written petitions staged boycotts burnt effigies this was something new. In late summer and early fall of 1774 patriots did not simply protest government In late summer and early fall of 1774 patriots did not simply protest government they overthrew it they overthrew it

Back to Boston and the call for a multiple colony meeting Back to Boston and the call for a multiple colony meeting

But first Reminder Reminder 1 st section of Portfolio due on Thursday 1 st section of Portfolio due on Thursday Thursday Feb 18 th Thursday Feb 18 th This should include everything up to, and including, Chapter 5 Asserting Independence of Kierber This should include everything up to, and including, Chapter 5 Asserting Independence of Kierber Please make it clear which documents and questions you are answering Please make it clear which documents and questions you are answering

Chap. 1: Bonds of Empire Chap. 1: Bonds of Empire The Revolution Ode The Revolution Ode How did the author of Ode describe James II. How did this poet envision the king's ideal relationship to his subjects? How did the author of Ode describe James II. How did this poet envision the king's ideal relationship to his subjects? He wrote that James II reigned He wrote that James II reigned Why was the anti-French and anti-Catholic rhetoric so appealing to the colonists in 1760? Why was the anti-French and anti-Catholic rhetoric so appealing to the colonists in 1760? The author suggests that Anglican Protestantism The author suggests that Anglican Protestantism Of the Constitution of England Of the Constitution of England

Boston gets all credit for calling this meeting Boston gets all credit for calling this meeting first continental congress first continental congress In actuality both In actuality both Rhode Island and Virginia Rhode Island and Virginia put out calls about a week before Boston did

Fifty-five delegates from 12 colonies heeded the call of the Massachusetts Assembly for a Continental Congress. Fifty-five delegates from 12 colonies heeded the call of the Massachusetts Assembly for a Continental Congress. Held in Carpenter Hall Philadelphia Held in Carpenter Hall Philadelphia

Leading political figures, lawyers, merchants, and planters Leading political figures, lawyers, merchants, and planters Attended Philadelphia Congress Attended Philadelphia Congress Massachusetts delegation included both Samuel Adams Massachusetts delegation included both Samuel Adams and his younger cousin John and his younger cousin John

New York sent John Jay New York sent John Jay Pennsylvania John Dickinson Pennsylvania John Dickinson and the conservative Joseph Galloway and the conservative Joseph Galloway Virginia Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington. Virginia Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington.

Most had never met before Most had never met before Became chief architects of the new nation Congressmen faced three tasks when they convened Congressmen faced three tasks when they convened The first two were explicit: The first two were explicit: Defining American grievances Developing a plan resistance. Third Third outlining a theory of their constitutional relationship with Great Britain less clear cut and proved troublesome. less clear cut and proved troublesome.

The most radical The most radical like Lee of Virginia Argued that colonists owed allegiance only to George III Argued that colonists owed allegiance only to George III That Parliament was nothing more than a local legislature That Parliament was nothing more than a local legislature for Great Britain for Great Britain with no authority over the colonies.

The conservatives Joseph Galloway and his allies The conservatives Joseph Galloway and his allies Proposed a formal plan of union Proposed a formal plan of union Required Parliament and a new American legislature to consent jointly to all laws pertaining to the colonies Required Parliament and a new American legislature to consent jointly to all laws pertaining to the colonies After heated debate, delegates narrowly rejected Galloways proposal After heated debate, delegates narrowly rejected Galloways proposal They were not prepared to accept the radicals position either They were not prepared to accept the radicals position either

Back in Massachusetts Back in Massachusetts Suffolk County Convention of the Committees of Correspondence Suffolk County Convention of the Committees of Correspondence September 6, 1774, September 6, 1774, Joseph Warren introduced the first draft of the Suffolk Resolves Joseph Warren introduced the first draft of the Suffolk Resolves edited and approved three days later edited and approved three days later Attacked Coercive Acts also made several specific demands Attacked Coercive Acts also made several specific demands

1. Boycott British imports, curtail exports, and refuse to use British products; 1. Boycott British imports, curtail exports, and refuse to use British products; 2. Pay "no obedience" to the Massachusetts Government Act or the Boston Port Bill; 2. Pay "no obedience" to the Massachusetts Government Act or the Boston Port Bill; 3. Demand resignations from those appointed to positions under the Massachusetts Government Act; 3. Demand resignations from those appointed to positions under the Massachusetts Government Act; 4. Refuse payment of taxes until the Massachusetts Government Act was repealed; 4. Refuse payment of taxes until the Massachusetts Government Act was repealed; 5. Support a colonial government in Massachusetts free of royal authority until the Intolerable Acts were repealed 5. Support a colonial government in Massachusetts free of royal authority until the Intolerable Acts were repealed 6. Urge the colonies to raise militia of their own people. 6. Urge the colonies to raise militia of their own people.

September 16, 1774 September 16, 1774 Resolves delivered to Philadelphia by Paul Revere compromise position worked out by John Adams compromise position worked out by John Adams Crucial clause that Adams drafted in the Congresss Declaration of Rights and Grievances read in part Crucial clause that Adams drafted in the Congresss Declaration of Rights and Grievances read in part From the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are bona fide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce.

Notice the key phrases. Bona fide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce Bona fide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce made it clear they would continue to resist taxes in disguise, like the Townsend duties From the necessity of the case From the necessity of the case declared that Americans would obey Parliament when in the best interest of both countries

Such language Such language Which only a few years before would have been regarded as irredeemably radical easily and comfortably presented, and accepted, in the fall of 1774. easily and comfortably presented, and accepted, in the fall of 1774. Americans had come a long way since first hesitant protests against the Sugar Act ten years earlier Americans had come a long way since first hesitant protests against the Sugar Act ten years earlier

With constitutional issue resolved With constitutional issue resolved delegates readily agreed on the laws they wanted repealed Planned to implement an economic boycott while petitioning the king for relief Planned to implement an economic boycott while petitioning the king for relief To enforce Continental Association To enforce Continental Association Congress recommended election of Congress recommended election of committees of observation and inspection in every American locality

committeemen became local leaders of resistance committeemen became local leaders of resistance seven to eight thousand in the colonies as a whole seven to eight thousand in the colonies as a whole officially charged only with overseeing implementation of the boycott officially charged only with overseeing implementation of the boycott Over next six months became de facto governments Over next six months became de facto governments

They examined merchants records They examined merchants records published the names of those who continued to import British manufactures published the names of those who continued to import British manufactures promoted home manufactures Thus committees gradually extended their authority over many aspects of American life Thus committees gradually extended their authority over many aspects of American life

They attempted to identify opponents of American resistance They attempted to identify opponents of American resistance developed elaborate spy networks investigating reports of dissident remarks and activities investigating reports of dissident remarks and activities Suspected dissenters were first urged to support the colonial cause Suspected dissenters were first urged to support the colonial cause if they failed to do so the committees if they failed to do so the committees had them watched restricted their movements or tried to force them to leave the area or tried to force them to leave the area

People engaging in casual political exchanges with friends one day People engaging in casual political exchanges with friends one day charged with treasonable conversation the next charged with treasonable conversation the next One Massachusetts man called before local committee for maligning the Congress as One Massachusetts man called before local committee for maligning the Congress as a Pack or Parcell of Fools that was as tyrannical as Lord North and ought to be opposed & resisted. he refused to recant he refused to recant committee ordered him watched

Those who dissented more openly received harsher treatment Those who dissented more openly received harsher treatment e.g. Reverend John Agnew of VA e.g. Reverend John Agnew of VA Agnew, insisted on warning his congregation of Agnew, insisted on warning his congregation of the danger of rebellion. rejected the committees summons rejected the committees summons Was officially ostracized by its order Was officially ostracized by its order

Millers would not grind his corn Millers would not grind his corn Doctors would not treat his sick wife and children Doctors would not treat his sick wife and children committee tried to intimidate him committee tried to intimidate him sent armed men to his church to beat drums and drill during services When that failed When that failed patriots nailed shut the churchs doors and windows

Finally Agnew and his oldest son fled Finally Agnew and his oldest son fled but the persecution of his wife and younger children continued but the persecution of his wife and younger children continued His wife was, she later recalled, His wife was, she later recalled, daily insulted and robbed... [and] searched under various pretense.

Late 1774 and early 1775 provincial conventions Late 1774 and early 1775 provincial conventions Approved Continental Association Approved Continental Association Elected delegates to the Second Continental Congress (scheduled for May) Elected delegates to the Second Continental Congress (scheduled for May) Organized militia units, and gathered arms and ammunition Organized militia units, and gathered arms and ammunition

In short during six months preceding the battles at Lexington and Concord In short during six months preceding the battles at Lexington and Concord Independence was being won at the local level Independence was being won at the local level Without formal acknowledgement Without formal acknowledgement and for the most part without bloodshed Not many Americans fully realized what was happening. Not many Americans fully realized what was happening. Majority still proclaimed their loyalty to Great Britain and denied that they sought to leave the empire Majority still proclaimed their loyalty to Great Britain and denied that they sought to leave the empire

Moving toward bloodshed

The New England Governments are in a State of Rebellion, blows must decide whether they are to be subject to this Country or independent King George III

Gage took over as governor of Massachusetts in May 1774 Gage took over as governor of Massachusetts in May 1774 had both civil powers of provincial governor and military powers of his command had both civil powers of provincial governor and military powers of his command Radical leaders knew the time was coming when they must either surrender or raise resistance to a new level Radical leaders knew the time was coming when they must either surrender or raise resistance to a new level

Gages plan Gages plan Remove powder, remove ability to rebel Remove powder, remove ability to rebel September 1 st 1774 Gage dispatched a group of soldier to confiscate 250 barrels of powder from Cambridge MA September 1 st 1774 Gage dispatched a group of soldier to confiscate 250 barrels of powder from Cambridge MA

Response to seizure in Cambridge Response to seizure in Cambridge almost overwhelming. Rumors swirled through New England Rumors swirled through New England Militia from as far away as Connecticut marched to Bostons aid Militia from as far away as Connecticut marched to Bostons aid About 4000 men gathered About 4000 men gathered They were prepared to fight They were prepared to fight

Tensions rising in Boston and elsewhere Tensions rising in Boston and elsewhere Radicals began to expand their information networks Radicals began to expand their information networks When the troops did anything out of the ordinary word went to Joseph Warren When the troops did anything out of the ordinary word went to Joseph Warren

Joseph Warren Joseph Warren Graduated from Harvard in 1759 Practiced medicine in Boston. Member of the Provincial Congress in 1774, Member of the Provincial Congress in 1774, Served as president Drafted the Suffolk Resolves Chairman of the Provincial Committee of Safety. Intelligence Chairman of the Provincial Committee of Safety. Intelligence Commissioned second major-general in 1775 Commissioned second major-general in 1775 but served as a volunteer in the battle at Bunker Hill in which he was killed

Warren forwarded news to the committee of safety in Concord Warren forwarded news to the committee of safety in Concord Jan 1775 Jan 1775 Lord North sent orders to Gage to send troop to Concord Destroy Arms and capture Adams and Hancock Destroy Arms and capture Adams and Hancock

Gage organized two groups Gage organized two groups One, regular army, under Colonel Francis Smith One, regular army, under Colonel Francis Smith Light infantry led by Major John Pitcairn Light infantry led by Major John Pitcairn

The shortest way to Concord from Boston was across Back Bay The shortest way to Concord from Boston was across Back Bay Boats to carry the troops hauled out of the water and repaired Boats to carry the troops hauled out of the water and repaired April 16 were rowed to the men-of-war swinging at anchor in the Charles River. April 16 were rowed to the men-of-war swinging at anchor in the Charles River. There they lay ready to use. There they lay ready to use.

Joseph Warren heard of these preparations almost immediately. Joseph Warren heard of these preparations almost immediately. no way to conceal the repair of the small boats and their collection in the bay. Morning of April 16, Morning of April 16, Warren sent Paul Revere to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams Warren sent Paul Revere to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams

Revere returned that night, stopping in Charlestown to arrange signals should the British move at night: Revere returned that night, stopping in Charlestown to arrange signals should the British move at night: one lantern to be hung in the steeple of North Church if the troops moved inland over the Neck one lantern to be hung in the steeple of North Church if the troops moved inland over the Neck two if they came by water two if they came by water

Gage tried to keep his movements secret Gage tried to keep his movements secret Ten at night, April 18 Ten at night, April 18 Troops quietly roused from bed by sergeants shaking them rather than shouting commands Unlike previous September the rebels were ready Unlike previous September the rebels were ready Their intelligence system Their intelligence system virtually the entire population of Boston Marked the day when the troops were to march: 18 April 1775 Marked the day when the troops were to march: 18 April 1775 Lets hear Paul Revere tell the story

Paul Revere Before Revere even got started on his mission to warn Adams and Hancock Before Revere even got started on his mission to warn Adams and Hancock A tanner named William Dawes made his way across Boston Neck with the same message A tanner named William Dawes made his way across Boston Neck with the same message Revere got to Lexington about midnight Revere got to Lexington about midnight Joined by William Dawes Joined by William Dawes They rested briefly, then rode on to Concord They rested briefly, then rode on to Concord

Never got there, captured by a British patrol Never got there, captured by a British patrol Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord who had been courting his fiance at Lexington until late at night. dashed away from the ambush, leaped a wall, and made good his escape dashed away from the ambush, leaped a wall, and made good his escape And then fulfilled Reveres mission to Concord. And then fulfilled Reveres mission to Concord. Picture of Dr. Samuel Prescott Picture of Dr. Samuel Prescott

Revere was released and walked back to Lexington Revere was released and walked back to Lexington He found Sam Adams and John Hancock He found Sam Adams and John Hancock Hancock mouthed off about how he personally would face down the Regulars. Hancock mouthed off about how he personally would face down the Regulars. as the troops came nearer the bravado evaporated.

He insisted on traveling in high state in his heavy coach, taking Sam Adams He insisted on traveling in high state in his heavy coach, taking Sam Adams But abandoned Aunt Hancock and his fiance to the mercies of the Regulars But abandoned Aunt Hancock and his fiance to the mercies of the Regulars He also abandoned a trunk full of papers that He also abandoned a trunk full of papers that contained the innermost secrets of the Whig cause, and written evidence that could incriminate many leaders.

After fleeing, he hungered for the delicacy of a freshly caught salmon given to him at Lexington After fleeing, he hungered for the delicacy of a freshly caught salmon given to him at Lexington So he sent back for it Hancocks salmon joined him in Woburn and his aunt and fiance also Hancocks salmon joined him in Woburn and his aunt and fiance also By command, the salmon was cooked; By command, the salmon was cooked; but (woe!) another alarm caused it to be abandoned and the fleeing hero had to make this sacrifice for his cause. but (woe!) another alarm caused it to be abandoned and the fleeing hero had to make this sacrifice for his cause.

Lexington militia company Lexington militia company commanded by Caption John Parker commanded by Caption John Parker mustered on Lexington Green mustered on Lexington Green After about an hour they were told to return home but to be ready After about an hour they were told to return home but to be ready drum sounded at half-past four, when Thaddeus Bowman galloped in with the news that the regulars were near. drum sounded at half-past four, when Thaddeus Bowman galloped in with the news that the regulars were near.

In a few minutes Parker had two ranks of a little over seventy men drawn up about a hundred yards from the road to Concord, which ran along the base of the Green

In order to ensure that all students, and I, get the full benefit of the class, attendance will be mandatory - non attendance will be penalized. Miss four (4) classes and you will automatically lose on grade point from your final grade. In order to ensure that all students, and I, get the full benefit of the class, attendance will be mandatory - non attendance will be penalized. Miss four (4) classes and you will automatically lose on grade point from your final grade.

After Lexington the British marched on to Concord After Lexington the British marched on to Concord Arms had already been moved Soldiers began to trash and fire the town Soldiers began to trash and fire the town Militia began to attack Militia began to attack British soldiers fled from Concord back to Boston British soldiers fled from Concord back to Boston Followed by an ever increasing number of patriot militia Followed by an ever increasing number of patriot militia

Knowing direction soldiers had to take Knowing direction soldiers had to take militia provided a rolling attack that picked of British troops By time British column reached Lexington By time British column reached Lexington The British ranks had fallen apart The British ranks had fallen apart fighting developed into hand to hand combat

Gage had sent out relief column under General Percy Gage had sent out relief column under General Percy Gave the British support and hope Difficult and deadly retreat to Boston Difficult and deadly retreat to Boston Militia now numbering around 30,000 Militia now numbering around 30,000 Surrounded the town of Boston and cut if of from the rest of America On this the first day of military conflict On this the first day of military conflict 95 Americans 95 Americans 273 British died 273 British died

Gage takes the news badly Gage takes the news badly It is thought that his American wife may have been the spy who feed the news to the militia It is thought that his American wife may have been the spy who feed the news to the militia She was sent to England for her safety and the two were never reconciled She was sent to England for her safety and the two were never reconciled

May 1775 substantial reinforcements arrive May 1775 substantial reinforcements arrive 5000 men 5000 men Under three generals Under three generals Burgoyne Burgoyne Howe Howe Clinton Clinton

May 1775 May 1775 The Continental Convention meets again at Philadelphia The Continental Convention meets again at Philadelphia A political body that inherited a military conflict Voted to militia surrounding Boston into a Continental Army Voted to militia surrounding Boston into a Continental Army Oh that I was a Soldier I will be I am reading military books. Every Body must and will, and shall be a soldier John Adams

June 15 George Washington June 15 George Washington who arrived at the convention dressed in his old uniform every day Made the commanding officer Made the commanding officer

Still uncomfortable with the idea of breaking away fully Still uncomfortable with the idea of breaking away fully Divided ideas and plans Congress was Congress was a Coach and six the swiftest Horses must be slackened and the slowest quickened, that all may keep an even pace a Coach and six the swiftest Horses must be slackened and the slowest quickened, that all may keep an even pace John Adams

Sent two petitions to George III Sent two petitions to George III One known as the Olive Branch petition One known as the Olive Branch petition pleaded with the King to take the initiative in devising a happy and permanent reconciliation Second Second written mainly by Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking up arms The Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking up arms

Both Olive branch petition and Jeffersons declaration Both Olive branch petition and Jeffersons declaration Still couched in terms of reconciliation Declaration stated to the British people that Declaration stated to the British people that we mean not to dissolve that Union which has so long and happily subsisted between us The petitions reached London at the same time as news of Bunker (Breeds) Hill The petitions reached London at the same time as news of Bunker (Breeds) Hill George III declared a formal proclamation of rebellion on August 23, 1775 George III declared a formal proclamation of rebellion on August 23, 1775

The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill

May 1775 worried about the possibility of British troops coming from behind May 1775 worried about the possibility of British troops coming from behind Group of Connecticut Militia under Ethan Allen marched on Fort Ticonderoga Group of Connecticut Militia under Ethan Allen marched on Fort Ticonderoga

Independently Benedict Arnold left from Massachusetts Independently Benedict Arnold left from Massachusetts British in the fort had not heard of the conflict in Boston and did not resist British in the fort had not heard of the conflict in Boston and did not resist May 10 th 1775 May 10 th 1775 Fort easily taken weapons now in American hands 1 st day of second continental congress

July 3 1775, Washington assumes control of continental army July 3 1775, Washington assumes control of continental army During the Seven Years War had admired, and wanted to be part of, British Army During the Seven Years War had admired, and wanted to be part of, British Army What he found in Boston, shocked and dismayed him What he found in Boston, shocked and dismayed him

Most euro armies at this time were led by aristocrats and staffed by the dregs of society Most euro armies at this time were led by aristocrats and staffed by the dregs of society drilled relentlessly until they obeyed commands without thinking Massachusetts militia - volunteer army full of many different classes Massachusetts militia - volunteer army full of many different classes They elected officers They granted furloughs easily Many slept away from the army at home Some sneaked over the lines to take pot shots at people None of this was want Washington knew or wanted None of this was want Washington knew or wanted

Washington began difficult task of training an army Washington began difficult task of training an army whilst it was involved in military action Had few subordinates he was confident in so he was involved not only in the grand planning Had few subordinates he was confident in so he was involved not only in the grand planning But also attempting But also attempting To clean up conditions Improve defenses Ensure regular supplies He also demoted or fired officers All in an attempt to gain the order he knew was needed All in an attempt to gain the order he knew was needed

As Washington was in Boston As Washington was in Boston continental congress ordered Major General Philip Schuyler to take Canada If practicable and not If practicable and not Disagreeable to the canadians Disagreeable to the canadians Washington ordered Benedict Arnold to north to Canada as well Washington ordered Benedict Arnold to north to Canada as well Schuyler travelled up through Montreal Schuyler travelled up through Montreal Whilst Arnold moved out from Massachusetts Whilst Arnold moved out from Massachusetts

Richard Montgomery, Richard Montgomery, 2 nd in Command to Schulyer Captured Montreal before heading on to Quebec Captured Montreal before heading on to Quebec At same time Arnold led his forces on one of the most dramatic marches of the war At same time Arnold led his forces on one of the most dramatic marches of the war 45 days through terrible conditions 45 days through terrible conditions

Late in year two groups meet close to Quebec Late in year two groups meet close to Quebec After a short period of rest After a short period of rest Assault plan was made An assault rather an a siege An assault rather an a siege As soldiers enlistments due to end December 31 st the attack began in a freezing blizzard December 31 st the attack began in a freezing blizzard Montgomery was killed quickly Arnold received a wound in the leg A couple of hours later the attack was over Several hundred Americans were captured and Quebec remained in British hands Several hundred Americans were captured and Quebec remained in British hands Meanwhile back to Boston Meanwhile back to Boston

Washington now had weapons to push siege He set up the guns on Dorchester heights, overlooked the city and harbor General Howe taken over from Gage Initially intending to attack, bad weather forced Howe to change his plan March 17 British loaded all the soldiers and 1000 loyalist supporters on board ships and evacuated Boston Headed to Nova Scotia

Group IDs Group IDs When answering the ids it is always good to think of When answering the ids it is always good to think of A) Who, what, when, where, why B) Causes and Consequences Firstly, get into 5 groups Firstly, get into 5 groups I will put 8 ids up on the screen I will put 8 ids up on the screen First come first served First come first served Your answer must be in sentence form Your answer must be in sentence form

Who, what, when, where, why Causes and Consequences A Society of Patriotic Ladies, at Edenton in North Carolina A Society of Patriotic Ladies, at Edenton in North Carolina Vice Admiltary Courts Vice Admiltary Courts HMS Gaspee HMS Gaspee Lord North Lord North The Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government Act Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth Joseph Warren Joseph Warren Aggressive neutrality Aggressive neutrality

Documents

Before we go to the 1 st continental congress Before we go to the 1 st continental congress I want focus on one of the other intolerable acts I want focus