tulisnota.blogspot.com
MICROCOMPUTER STRUCTURE & OPERATIONBasic Microcomputer Elements
tulisnota.blogspot.com
MICROPROCESSOR
tulisnota.blogspot.com
DEFINITION
Microprocessor is a special device which able to fetch, decode and execute the programmed instructions which stored in the memory.
Fetch – can read in, take out Decode – translating, interpreting Execute – take an action, run the
programmed Programmed instruction – series of
instruction written in such way to perform a particular task as it being fetch, decode and execute by the processor.
tulisnota.blogspot.com
FETCH – DECODE – EXECUTE
tulisnota.blogspot.com
ELEMENTS OF MICROPROCESSOR
1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – performs arithmetic operation such as addition and subtraction also logic operation NOT, AND, OR and X-OR.
2. Register unit – store any data during execution of a program.
3. Control unit – provides the timing and control signal for getting data into and out of the microprocessor, for performing programmed instruction and for all other operations.
tulisnota.blogspot.com
MICROCOMPUTER
MPU
MU
OUIU
tulisnota.blogspot.com
Memory Unit
Primary storage memory
MICROCOMPUTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Microprocessor Unit
Input Unit
Output Unit
Program
storage memor
y
Data storage memor
y
Secondary storage memory
tulisnota.blogspot.com
MICROCOMPUTER UNIT
Input Unit: the user to input information or commands to the MPU.
MPU: executes instructions of the program and process data
Output Unit: to give feedback to user and for producing documented results
Memory Unit: to store information, such as number or character data
tulisnota.blogspot.com
MEMORY UNIT
a) Primary storage memory: Smaller in size Used for temporary storage of active
information such operating system Implement with ROM and RAM
i. Program storage memory Store instruction of the operating system and
application programii. Data storage memory
Contains data that are to be processed by the programs as they are executed
tulisnota.blogspot.com
MEMORY UNIT (CONT.)
b) Secondary storage memory Used for long-term storage of information that
is not currently being used Example:
Pen drive Hard disk drive CD drive CD R/W
tulisnota.blogspot.com
EVOLUTION IN MICROPROCESSOR
4 bit (1 nibble)
8 bit(1 byte)
16 bit(1 word)
32 bit(1 long word)
64 bit(2 long word)