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Basic Electrical Safety
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Basic Electrical Safety
Energized Electrical Work (EEW)
Show Video:
Electrical Safety
for Qualified Electrical Workers
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Table of Contents
Module 1:Safety Roles and Responsibilities
Module 2:Basic Electrical TermsModule 3:Current and the Human BodyModule 4:Electrical Accident Injuries
Module 5:Electrical HazardsModule 6:Emergency Response Steps
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Module 1Module 1
Safety Roles and Responsibil it ies
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Module 1 Topics
What role do employeesand management play insafety?
What is a safetyviolation?
What are the procedures
for reporting safetyviolations?
Basic Electrical Safety
Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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Management must:
Create and maintain asafe work environment.
Determine and arrange
for appropriate safetytraining.
Regularly inspect work
areas and equipmentfor hazards and takeimmediate correctiveaction when necessary.
What is managements role in safety?Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
Basic Electrical Safety
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Management must also:
Enforce company safetyprocedures.
Report and correct safetyviolations or accidents.
Be a safety role model.
What is managements role in safety?
Basic Electrical Safety
Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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Follow all safetyprocedures as detailed inspecs.
Report all safety hazardsand violations.
Ensure all employees(including contractorsand vendors) complyw ith safety procedures.
What is the employees role in safety?
Basic Electrical Safety
Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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Recognize electricalhazards and makesound judgments on
your ability to do a jobsafely.
Be qualified andtrained to work onelectrically energizedequipment for yourjob.
What is the employees role in safety?
Basic Electrical Safety
Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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What is a safety violation?A situation in which:
The task being performedcontradicts the stated policy,training, or good commonsense (not w earing properPPE for the job).
Personal safety is impactedby the way a person works
(not follow ing specs to fixequipment or usingshortcuts).
Safety is owned by you!
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Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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What are the procedures for reporting safety violations?
STOP the v iolation, ifpossible.
REPORT, verbally, thesituation to the supervisor incharge immediately.
RECORD the details inw ritten memo form.
FOLLOW-UP w ith thesupervisor on what is beingdone.
If you observe a
safety violation,you should:
Basic Electrical Safety
Safety Roles and Responsibil ities
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Module 2Module 2
Basic Electrical Terms
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What are the definitions of these terms?
Electricity
Current
Voltage
Resistance
Amps
Volts
Topics
Ohms
Direct current
Alternatingcurrent
Conductor
Insulator
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Basic Electrical Terms
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Electrons spin around thenucleus of an atom and
are easily broken away.
When an electron isbroken away and sent on
a circuit, we have anelectrical system.
It is composed of the simplest form of matter, the electron.
What is electricity?
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Basic Electrical Terms
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How does electricity flow? The flow of electrons in an electrical
circuitis called current.
Currentflow in a circuit is similar towater flow ing through a hose.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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How does electricity flow? Water flow depends
on the amount ofpressure supplied bythe pump, and the
w idth and friction ofthe hose.
Current flow dependson pressure produced
by the generator, andthe characteristics ofthe circuit.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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The amount of current that flows in a circuit depends
on voltage and resistance:
What are voltage and resistance?
The "pressure" thatpushes electrons
through a circuit iscalled voltage.
The opposition the
circuit offers to theflow of electrons iscalled resistance.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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How is electricity measured?
The "pressure" (voltage)that "pushes" electronsthrough a circuit ismeasured in volts.
The flow of electrons(current) passing a givenpoint is measured inamperes (amps).
The opposition to the flowof electrons (resistance) ismeasured in ohms.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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What is an electrical insulator? A material having few free
electronsthat cannot moveeasily.
Rubber, dry w ood,
porcelain, and clay are goodinsulators.
Insulators prevent
electricity from flow ingwhere it should not flowand control the flow ofelectricity in order to
prevent accidents.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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What are Direct and Alternating currents?
Direct Current (DC):Current that flows in onedirection and voltage neverchanges, like a car battery.
Alternat ing Current(AC): Current that changesdirection at a regular rate,like electrical current
supplied to your home.
Basic Electrical Safety
Basic Electrical Terms
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Module 3Module 3
Current and the Human Body
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How does current enterand travel through thehuman body?
How does current affectthe body?
How can you protectyourself from electricalcurrent?
Module 3 Topics
Basic Electrical Safety
Current and the Human Body
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How does current enter the body?
Typical points of
entry are thehands and feet asthey come incontact w ithelectrical current.
Moisture beneatha ring or watch
w ill decrease theskin's resistanceand allow currentflow .
Basic Electrical Safety
Current and the Human Body
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How does current travel through the body? The body, composed mostly of
water, is a conductorofelectricity, so current travelseasily.
Current travels thepath of least
resistanceto complete itscircuit.
This path could be throughupper limbs or between upper
and lower l imbs.
If this includes the heart andrespiratory systems, it canresult in serious injury.
Basic Electrical Safety
Current and the Human Body
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How does alternating currentaffect the body?
At .4 mA: No sensation.
At 1.1 mA: A slight tinglingsensation.
At 1.8 mA: Shock.
At 16 mA: Painful shock.Loss of muscle control cancause the person to lock on
to the source.
Above 23 mA: Severeinjuries and possible death.
Basic Electrical Safety
Current and the Human Body
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How can you protect yourselffrom electrical current?
Understand the basics: How current flows through a
circuit (the greater the currentthe greater the danger).
Which materials areconductors and which areinsulators.
How small measurements ofelectrical current can still bevery dangerous, especially ifthere is low resistance such aswet conditions or not w earing
PPE.
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Current and the Human Body
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How can you protect yourselffrom electrical current?
Make repairs unless
the power is off andis disconnected byfollow ing properCoHE procedures.
When working around electricalequipment, NEVER:
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Current and the Human Body
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How can you protect yourselffrom electrical current?
Use equipment or
appliances w ith frayedcords.
Operate, repair, submergeor work w ith equipment inor around water.
When working around electricalequipment, NEVER:
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Current and the Human Body
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How can you protect yourselffrom electrical current?
When working around electricalequipment, ALWAYS:
Remove all conductors such as metaljewelry and watches.
Remove pagers and portable phones.
Use required PPE such as insulatedtools, gloves, and floor mats.
Keep your skin dry!
Use warning signs and protectivebarriers.
Basic Electrical Safety
Current and the Human Body
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Module 4Module 4
Electrical Accident and Injuries
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What are the primaryand secondary injuriesresulting from
electrical accidents?
What factors determine
the severity of aninjury from electricalcurrent?
Module 4 Topics
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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El i l S f
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What injuries are caused from electrical accidents?
There are two categories:
Primary injuries--physicaldamage directly to the bodyfrom the electrical current (1 st
-3 rd degree burns) andarc/flash
Secondary injuries--physicaldamage to the body resultingfrom accidents caused by theshock (head injuries from afall).
Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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El t i l S f t
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Burns: Can vary in degree from m inor surface blisters
to 1 st to 3 rd degree burns.
High voltage electrical burns can cause suchextensive injury that amputation may becomenecessary.
Types of burns include electrical, thermal, and
arc/ flash burns.
High current use often causes extremely hotsurfaces.
Primary Injuries
Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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B i El t i l S f t
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Primary InjuriesElectrical Burns
May occur as currentpasses through thebody and generates
heat.
Often appear at thepoints of entry and exit.
If internal, may damageor burn tissue and vitalorgans.
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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B i El t i l S f t
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Primary Injuries
Electrical current can disturbthe normal function of nervesand muscles including the
heart and lungs. If chest muscles remain
contracted, breathing can
stop. CPR is required immediately
to restore breathing.
Respiratory Failure
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Primary Injuries
Electrical current can cause a rapid
irregular contraction of the heartmuscle and lack of synchronismbetween heartbeat and pulse.
Can lead to immediate heart and/orrespiratory failure requiring CPR.
Sometimes symptoms may not
appear until later; if you receive ashock, report it to the nurseimmediately to ensure no problemsexist.
Ventricular Fibrillation
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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What are secondary injuries?
Falls from high placescan cause concussions,
broken bones, orlacerations.
During shock, the reflex
actions of muscles maycause falls or suddenmoves into otherhazards.
Injuries to the body resulting from accidentscaused by electrical current:
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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Basic Electrical Safety
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What determines the severity ofinjuries from electrical shock?
The amount of current oramperage passing through thebody.
The current path through thebody.
The frequency of the current (acor dc).
The duration of the currentflow .
The intensity of the arc/ flash
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries
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Module 5Module 5Electrical Hazards
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Electrical Safety
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An electrical sourceof danger.
A potential risk foran electricalaccident.
What is an electrical hazard?
Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard
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Electrical Safety
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Electrical Hazards in the Workplace
What are some examples ofcommon electrical hazardsin the w orkplace?
What action should be takento correct them?
Classify which are behavioralhazards and which arephysical hazards.
Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard
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Basic Electrical Safety
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What are the types of electrical hazards?A situation w ith thepotential for humaninjury.Electrical hazards can
be:
Physical hazards(unsafe condition)
Behavioral hazard
(unsafe Act)
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Electrical Safety
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Wet floors.
Bare or frayed w ires
Overloaded circuits
An electrical cord under rug or tarp. Energized equipment w ith exposed
circuits. Storage of flammables near
electrical outlets or equipment. Area not barricaded during electrical
work
Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard
Physical Hazards (Unsafe Conditions)
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Not follow ing specsor safetyprecautions.
Observing otheremployees notfollow ing specs and
failing to correctthe unsafebehavior.
Behavioral Hazard
Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard
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Electrical Safety
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Behavioral hazard
Indifference.
Lack of know ledge.
Working stressed or fatigued
Taking shortcuts or risks.
Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard
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Not follow ing specs or directions.
Not de-energizing.
Not locking-out.
Work ing alone. Removing ground prong.
Thinking, I t cant happen to me.
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Active Protection
Wearing PPE. Use of insulated tools/mats.
Use of fiberglass ladders only.
Barricading the work area. Applying secondary grounding. Knowledge of the task to be performed. Not using metal fish tapes.
Removal of jewelry before beginning work. Use of proper illumination. Removal of combustibles in area.
yElectrical Hazard
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Basic Electrical Safety
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STOP and THINK about the hazards:
Before you try to fixan electricalproblem.
Before you operateany piece ofelectrical equipment.
yElectrical Hazard
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Module 6Module 6
Emergency Response Steps
Basic Electrical Safety
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What are the propersteps for responding
to an electricalaccident?
Module 6 Topic
Emergency Response Step
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Find the EmergencyMachine Off (EMO)button and turn offthe power.
Know in advancewhere these buttonsare located.
Step #1: Turn off the Power
Emergency Response Step
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Step #2: Safely Free the Person If it is not possible to find the
EMO sw itch, attempt to safelyfree the person w ith properequipment such as a bodyhook, non-conductive harness,or other non-conductive objectto pry or knock the personfree.
Never attempt to pull theperson away by hand; youcould also lock onto thesource.
Emergency Response Step
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Basic Electrical Safety
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Step #3: Call for Help
Pick up the phoneand call for help.
Be sure you know
(ahead of time) theemergency numberat your site. P3P4-
3911 and P1P2-7111/7171
Emergency Response Step
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Basic Electrical Safety
E R St
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Stay w ith theperson until helparrives.
Inform people inthe area in order toavoid further
injuries.
Step #4: Do Not Leave the Person
Emergency Response Step
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E R St
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Step #1: Turn off the Power
Step #2: Safely Free the Person
Step #3: Call for Help
Step #4: Do not Leave the Person
Emergency Response Steps Review
Emergency Response Step
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SERIOUS ELECTRICALSERIOUS ELECTRICALINJURIESINJURIES
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SERIOUS ELECTRICALSERIOUS ELECTRICALINJURIESINJURIES
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Thank you
4-12
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Control Of Hazardous Energy
LOCK OUT / TAG OUT
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LOCKOUT KITLOCKOUT KIT
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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1. Introduction
2. Types of HazardousEnergies
3. Lockout/Tagout
Procedures
Course Outline:
Control Of Hazardous Energy
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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IntroductionCourse Goal:
Control of Hazardous Energies isdesigned for employees who arerequired to lockout/tagout equipment.
It explains the types of potentialhazardous energies in students workareas. Students will learn how to
control hazardous energies byperforming lockout/tagout procedures.
Foil 1-1
Control Of Hazardous Energy
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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As a part of ATP commitment to safety, theControl of Hazardous Energies program is to be
strictly followed to ensure the safety of itsemployees.
What is a hazardous energy?
Any form of energy, in anuncontrolled state, which presents aPOTENTIAL for injury or damage.
Control Of Hazardous Energy
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Electrical: voltage, current, static electrical potentials, RF
Chemical: reaction, fire, explosion
Mechanical: shearing, rolling, crushing, pinching
Thermal: hotter than 140F/60C, colder than 32F/0C
Potential or stored energy: batteries, springs, capacitors
Other: laser, ionizing & non-ionizing radiation, pneumatic,hydraulic, gravitational, pressure
Types of Hazardous Energies
Co t o O a a dous e gy
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DANG
ER
Copied by permission of Coastal Video Communications Corp.
Show Video:
Lockout/Tagout: Controlling the Beast
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Electrical LockoutsElectrical Lockouts
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Gate Valve Lockouts
Hasps / Cable Lockouts
Ball Valve Lockouts
Mechanical LockoutsMechanical Lockouts
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Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Lockout:
The placement of aphysical restraint energyisolating device, which
ensures that theequipment cannot beoperated or cannot
release a hazardousenergy.
Terms and Definitions
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Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Tagout:The placement of awarning/ identification tag
on an energy isolatingdevice to indicate that theequipment must not be
operated. It also identifiesthe person who applied thelock/tag.
Terms and Definitions
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Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Energy Control Point:The single point at whichhazardous energy flow can
be effectively and positivelyblocked so that it can nolonger cause injury or loss
of resources. There may bemore than one EnergyControl Point on a tool.
Terms and Definitions
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Affected person: A person who operates
or maintains equipment that may belocked/tagged out. Also, a person whoworks in an area where equipment is beingserviced.
Authorized person: A person wholocks/tags out machines or equipment inorder to perform servicing or maintenance.
Danger Zone:The area or work spacewhere, if the hazardous energy wasinadvertently released, the energy couldpotentially cause injury.
Terms and Definitions, continued
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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COHE Alternative Method Exception when lockout/tagout is
not required or is impractical duringmaintenance activities
Alternative means must enableemployees to service the machinewithout being exposed to hazardousenergy
Must be approved by governingbody before lockout/tagoutrequirement is discontinued
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Situations Requiring Lockout/Tagout
Servicing, maintaining, or repairing any
equipment where hazardous energiesare present.
Working on electrical circuits and
systems to prevent the risk ofelectrical shock, flash, or blast.
Working near other hazardous
energies that could result in theunintentional release of storedenergy, causing injury.
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Lockout/tagout is required when thework requires an employee to place
any part of his/her body into an areawhere a danger zone exists.
Only authorized persons are allowed
to perform lockout/tagout onequipment.
All equipment using hazardous
energies must be capable ofaccepting lockout/tagout.
Guideline Requirements
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Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Step 2 Apply Lockout/Tag out Devices
: Apply the lockout/ tag out
device to the energy controlpoint in the off position
Dissipate, drain, or safelyrelease any stored energy.
Verify that ALL energysources have been isolated.
Attempt to restart. Test w ith meters, gauges,
Remember to do a 3-point check toensure your volt meter is workingproperly
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Step 3: Prepare for Re-Energization
Inspect work area for removal of
nonessential items. Ensure all safety controls have been
replaced (interlocks, valves, guards,covers, etc.).
Notify Affected Employees beforere-energization.
Ensure personnel are in a safe
location before re-energizingsystem.
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Remove locks and tags
Remove blocks, blinds, etc. ifapplicable.
Re-energize the equipment/system.
Communicate to all affectedpersonnel that the equipment has
been re-energized.
Step 4: Removal of Lockout/Tagout Devices
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May also be known asequipment lockout oroperational lockout.
Provides protection to systems,
equipment, and/or machineryONLY--no employees.
Requires different locks and tags
than the locks and tags used forControlling Hazardous Energies.
The Custodial Lockout
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Equipment Used for Lockout/Tagout Lockout/tagout devices must be
standardized.
Locks must be unique with a single key,and not used for any other purpose.
Tags must:
Be durable and withstand theenvironmental conditions encounteredin the workplace.
Be used whenever a lock is placed. Contain specific employee information. Be secured to the energy control point.
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Abandoned locks
Contract workers
Multiple workers
Lock boxes
Change of shift
Special Situations
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Special Situations: Contract Workers
Contractors will inform their ATP
Sponsors of their control of hazardous
energies program.
All contractor procedures must meetOSHA requirements, as well as ATP
expectations.
The ATP Sponsor will ensure that the
contractor has an understanding ofATP Control of Hazardous Energiesprogram, as well as specific procedures
that may affect him/her.
S i l Si i M l i l W k
Control Of Hazardous Energy
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Special Situations: Multiple Workers
Always use a multi-lock hasp and/or lock box.
Never remove anyone elses lock and tag.
Never rely on anyone elses lock and tag.
Each lock will have a single key and the key mustbe held by the person who applied the lock.
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The Tool Owner, Project Manager, or personsupervising the lockout must:
Apply a lock and tag to each hazardous energy
control point.
Place the key(s) to the lock(s) in a lock box.
Affix his/her own lock and tag to the lock box.
Special Situations: Lock Boxes
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Special Situations End or Change of Shift
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Both parties must be in attendance. The new shift worker must secure the source
or lockout point with his/her own lock and tagand verify zero energy (always refer back tothe applicable Energy Control Procedure).
The current shift worker must remove his/herown lock and tag. Keys shall never be exchanged or passed
between employees.
Special Situations: End or Change of Shift If work is extended beyond one shift, or
a relief person is needed to complete the
work, a handoff must be coordinatedbetween both parties.
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Thank you